Fanchengdui site

Fanchengdui site

Fanchengdui site is located on the east side of Miaoxia village, liugongmiao Township, 24 kilometers south of Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province, and on the upstream of the female stream. It is a representative late Neolithic cultural relic of Ganjiang Poyang Lake system in Jiangxi Province.

The site is 1-3 meters higher than the paddy field. It is a mound type, 124 meters long from north to south, 100 meters wide from east to west, 380 meters long, covering an area of more than 12000 square meters. Archaeological excavation revealed an area of 825 square meters and a cultural accumulation of about 2-4 meters thick. Houses, ash pits, pottery kilns, tombs and other remains were found, as well as rich relics such as stone tools and pottery. In addition, pottery kilns were found.

On March 28, 2008, fanchengdui site was approved as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical evolution

The fanchengdui site was discovered in 1975.

In 1977, the County Museum sent staff to test the data.

In 1978, the cultural relics team of the provincial and county museums conducted the second excavation.

In 1979, the third excavation was carried out with the participation of archaeology teachers and students from the Department of history, Sun Yat sen University, covering an area of 825 square meters. We have obtained a number of material materials and have a preliminary understanding of its cultural connotation and nature. It is mainly found in the ash pits, pottery kilns, architectural relics and tombs of fanchengdui culture. A large number of pottery, stone tools and other relics were unearthed.

Site features

In 1977, the cultural level was divided into two levels. The upper culture (2 layers) is mainly deposited in the Zhou Dynasty, and the lower culture (3-7 layers, also known as the lower layer of Zhuwei city) is deposited in the late Neolithic age. The lower building site of fanchengdui is round on the ground, and the block of the house is wooden bone and mud wall.

The fanchengdui site can be divided into seven layers: the first and second layers are Shang and Zhou cultural relics, about 3500 years ago; the third layer is Longshan cultural relics, about 4000 years ago; the fourth to seventh layers are late Neolithic cultural relics, about 5000-4500 years ago. The lower cultural layer is the same type as the lower cultural layer of zhuweicheng site on the East Bank of Ganjiang River.

Cultural relics

The cultural accumulation of fanchengdui site is about 2 to 4 meters thick, which is divided into seven layers: the first layer is the upper cultural layer, which is equivalent to the Shang and Zhou dynasties, belonging to the slave society; the third layer is the lower cultural layer, which is equivalent to the late Neolithic age, belonging to the end of the primitive society. There are 283 stone tools and 128 net pendants unearthed. There are 12 kinds of tripod shapes and 998 tripod shapes, representing more than 300 individuals. Only tripods can be divided into four types: plate shaped, kettle shaped, pot shaped and pot shaped. The most distinctive ones are shallow plate shaped tripod, pot shaped tripod, various kinds of bean shaped utensils, covers and colored pottery. Characters and symbols are found in the upper and lower cultural levels.

The decorative techniques of pottery are mostly carving, embossing, pricking, and color painting. There are more than 40 kinds of patterns. The pottery is mainly composed of red pottery and grey pottery with sand. There are a large number of muddy red pottery and grey pottery, and a small number of muddy red pottery, black pottery, yellow brown pottery and white pottery. The main decorative patterns are string pattern, convex ridge pattern, scratch pattern, and a small amount of painted pottery. The design is composed of various short diagonal lines. The main shapes of the utensils are ding, Dou, pot, pot, pan, bowl, jar, cup, basin, bowl and pad. It has a convex body, with a wide flat or tubular tripod on both sides, beans with convex handles, all kinds of pots and bamboos. Stone tools and jades include axes, axes, axes, arrowheads, rings, cones and individual CONGs.

The stone tools are finely ground. Among the pottery, tripod, bean, pot and pot are the main parts, and three legged ware, round bottom ware and ring foot ware are popular, which are the production tools or weapons with local characteristics. There are many kinds of stone arrowheads and spears. Trapezoidal and large rectangular knives are common.

There are more than 20 kinds of tripod styles, and the decorative patterns are complex. Many low angle shaped tripod utensils are produced.

History and culture

The research shows that the southern limit of fanchengdui culture has reached the capital, and the northern boundary has reached the edge of the Yangtze River. It is an important branch of the indigenous culture in Jiangxi Province, and has been named "fanchengdui culture".

The cultural connotation of the lower cultural layer of fanchengdui site is the same as that of zhuweicheng site. It is a representative late Neolithic site in the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River, and it is widely distributed. Its main distribution areas should be around mountains in the East, South and West, Ganjiang River Basin and Poyang Lake area near the Yangtze River in the north. Its influence reaches Wuyishan District in Fujian Province in the East and Shixia culture in the north of Guangdong Province in the south. Archaeologists have proposed to name it "fanchengdui culture".

The Shang culture of fanchengdui site is different from that of Wucheng site. As far as the whole site is concerned, it is the remains of an indigenous culture (Yue Culture) from the late Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age of Shang and Zhou dynasties in Jiangxi Province; The unearthed objects of Wucheng site, in addition to the ancient ones, are gradually integrated into the native culture of Jiangxi. Therefore, it can be considered that the commercial culture of fanchengdui is also the result of the integration of Wucheng type commercial culture.

Research value

Fanchengdui site culture is of great historical and scientific value in the study of the division, classification and division of Jiangxi ancient cultural sites, the relationship between Jiangxi ancient history and surrounding ancient culture, and the chronological sequence of Jiangxi archaeological culture.

Fanchengdui culture is a late Neolithic cultural relic distributed in Ganjiang Poyang Lake water system area. It is an indigenous culture in Jiangxi Province and has been named fanchengdui culture

. We can see its importance in the long history and culture.

protective measures

In 1984, the fanchengdui site was declared as a cultural relic protection unit at the county level by the people's Government of Qingjiang County, Jiangxi Province, and declared as a cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level.

In 1987, the fanchengdui site was declared as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Jiangxi Provincial People's government.

On March 28, 2008, fanchengdui site was approved as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Tourism information

geographical position

Fanchengdui site is located in the east of Miaoxia village, liugongmiao Township, 24 kilometers south of Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province.

Traffic information

Starting from Zhangshu City, we can get to fanchengdui site through Yaodu South Avenue, Fuqiao Road, site South Avenue, x606 and Liuzhou highway.

Address: Miaoxia village, liugongmiao Township, Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province

Longitude: 115.31070578541

Latitude: 28.107624734103

Chinese PinYin : Fan Cheng Dui Yi Zhi