Longbao Nature Reserve

Longbao National Nature Reserve

synonym

Longbao nature reserve generally refers to Longbao National Nature Reserve

Longbao National Nature Reserve is located in Longbao Town, Yushu County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, covering an area of 10000 hectares, about 75 kilometers away from Jiegu Town, Yushu prefecture. The main protected objects of inland wetland and water ecosystem in Longbao National Nature Reserve are black necked Crane and other waterfowl and their habitats. The main vegetation types in the reserve are meadow and freshwater swamp, which provide sufficient food and good ecological environment for waterfowls and migratory birds. It has become a concentrated area for black necked cranes to inhabit and breed, and is one of the highest protected areas in the world.

Historical evolution

Longbao Provincial Nature Reserve was established in 1984 with the approval of Qinghai provincial government.

In August 1986, Longbao National Nature Reserve was established with the approval of No.75 document issued by the State Council. Longbao National Nature Reserve is the first National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province.

geographical environment

position

Longbao National Nature Reserve is located in Longbao Town, Yushu County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. Its geographical coordinates are 33 ° 08 ′ - 33 ° 14 ′ N and 96 ° 25 ′ - 96 ° 37 ′ E.

climate

The climate of Longbao National Nature Reserve has a typical continental climate. It is controlled by the Qinghai Tibet cold high in winter and by the intrusion of southeast warm air along Tongtian River in summer. The climate changes violently, cold and dry, no four seasons difference, annual temperature difference is small, daily temperature difference is big, sunshine is long - annual sunshine time is about 2300 hours, strong radiation, strong wind, frequent natural disasters. The annual average temperature is - 0.4 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 9.3 ℃, and the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is - 11.1 ℃. In April, the frozen lake water began to melt and the grass began to turn green. From June to August, the rain was concentrated and relatively wet. In the middle of October, the grass withered and yellow. In November, the lake water froze. In winter, the wind was strong, dry and the temperature was low.

hydrology

Yiqu, a tributary of Tongtian River in Longbao National Nature Reserve, passes through here, forming five lakes with different sizes and water depths of 0.2-0.4 meters. There are many springs gushing out, with stable water quantity and clean water quality. The crisscross streams, the scattered lakes and marshes cut the grassland into numerous "sandbanks" and "islets".

soil

The soil is alpine meadow soil. Because the surface of the area is covered with ice and snow in winter and spring, and the ice and snow melt in summer, the alternation of freezing and thawing and surface erosion make the surface form many irregular puddles and soft grass mounds. The ground has a tower head and a puddle, and the soil layer is generally 50 cm.

Regional scope

Longbao National Nature Reserve has a total area of 100 square kilometers, of which the core area is 75.73 square kilometers, the buffer area is 16 square kilometers, and the experimental area is 8.2 square kilometers.

Protected objects

The main protected objects of inland wetland and water ecosystem in Longbao National Nature Reserve are black necked Crane and other waterfowl and their habitats.

plant resources

There are more than 30 kinds of plants in Longbao National Nature Reserve, among which there are more than 10 kinds of aquatic plants and most of the others are herbaceous plants. The main aquatic plants are CHAROPHYTES and Cunninghamia lanceolata, and the herbaceous plants are Artemisia ordosica, Carex rotundifolia, Anemone hybrida, Ophiopogon japonicus, Euonymus elongatus, Calycanthus praecox, etc. The dominant plants are Ranunculus japonicus, Ranunculus japonicus, Polygonum sibiricum, etc. There are 16 kinds of fungi in lower plants, including Cordyceps sinensis. There are no national protected objects in the reserve.

Animal resources

Mammals: there are 4 orders, 5 families and 7 species, among which snow leopard is the first level of national key protected wildlife, and the second level of national key protected wildlife includes Tibetan gazelle and yellow goat, as well as otter, wolf, Fox and weasel.

Insects: more than 20 species, including 4 precious plateau butterflies.

Wild birds: more than 50 species. There are five species of birds under first-class national protection, including black necked Crane, black stork, vulture, white tailed sea eagle and jade belt sea eagle. There are 8 species of birds under the second level national protection, including swan, alpine vulture, short eared owl, longitudinal belly owl, spotted goose, Tibetan snow chicken, vulture and falcon. There are also many kinds of waterfowls, such as Red duck, diving duck, mallard, merganser, brown Headed Gull and Redshank. There are more than 20 kinds of small birds, such as lark and lark, on the lake meadow.

< I (up to 2002) < / I

Management status

Longbao National Nature Reserve implements a two-level management system, that is, Longbao National Nature Reserve Administration is the first-level command system, and each protection station is the second-level organization, which is the specific executive agency, responsible for the daily management of the reserve. There are no corresponding scientific research, monitoring, publicity and education and police stations in the Management Bureau of the nature reserve, which brings great inconvenience to the work of protection, recovery, scientific research, publicity and education. In Longbao National Nature Reserve, under the condition of extremely backward protection infrastructure, when wild animals concentrate and breed, the reserve shall organize personnel to patrol, and put tents near the concentrated habitat and breeding place of wild animals to guard all night to prevent the harm of human, wolf, Fox and wild dog to waterfowl eggs and chicks. Through years of efforts, the main protected objects have been effectively protected, and the number of waterfowl resources has been greatly improved. Due to the local financial and economic difficulties, for many years, the protection and management funds have not been guaranteed, the reserve has no economic source, the infrastructure is backward, the management conditions are poor, the management facilities can not be maintained and improved, and the maintenance is in disrepair, which can no longer meet the requirements of modern management.

scientific research

Longbao National Nature Reserve "Research on water balance model and ecological water demand of typical wetlands in the source of three rivers" project is one of the important projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2011. This study will obtain the water balance data of precipitation, inflow and outflow in the wetland area, and finally establish the water balance model of Typical Alpine Wetland to explore and explain the wetland degradation and its causes. According to the staff of Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Sciences, as the birthplace of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, there are natural wetlands with the largest area and the highest altitude in China in the source area of the three rivers. The above project applies the key technologies of geographic information and satellite remote sensing to find out the degradation mechanism and dynamic changes of wetlands in the source area of the three rivers, so as to provide reference for the protection of local water resources and alpine wetlands And provide scientific basis for the reconstruction.

ecological value

Yushu Longbao wetland is a national black necked Crane Nature Reserve Approved by the State Council, which is the core area of Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve. The wetland area is the water source area of Yiqu, a tributary of the Yangtze River, which has a good indication for the Yangtze River ecosystem.

Address: Longbao Town, Yushu County, Qinghai Province

Longitude: 96.423147

Latitude: 33.268352

Chinese PinYin : Long Bao Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu