Hongjiang Ancient mall

The spatial distribution of the ancient mall. Overlooking the ancient shopping mall, the zigzag and deep, crisscross bluestone road divides the whole ancient city into "labyrinth" shape, and is extremely hierarchical. In 1889, Zhong Bolu of Ouyang, Tianzhu, accurately drew the map of Hongjiang market. It can be seen clearly that the commercial Guildhall and residential buildings in Hongjiang were planned and implemented according to the philosophical theory of Yin Yang and eight trigrams and the traditional etiquette system. Most of the buildings in the city were built near Yuanjiang River, pillow Wushui River, and cut mountains to fill valleys. On the whole, although there are many buildings and widely distributed, the layout is scientific and reasonable, and the layout is well arranged. The whole city is integrated with the natural scenery and complements each other, which fully reflects the ancient people's ingenuity in creating the beauty of mountains and waters according to the situation. Each building is connected rigorously and has independent beauty. It fully has the coordination of overall layout and spatial distribution. It is an "architectural history book" in the ancient buildings of southern China. Its architectural style is mainly reflected in the distinctive traditional architectural complex. The cellar house with green tile and gray wall and attic cornice has excellent lighting and ventilation effect, and the decoration and structure are full of style, all of which reflect the domineering and wealth of the ancient mall. It is a classic of the organic combination of Hui Style Architecture and Jiangnan residential architecture. The geographical space of the architectural community, the morphological characteristics of the architecture, the relationship between the internal structure and the surrounding landscape, topography and water system all have their own characteristics. It has preserved a relatively good reputation in political and military, economic life, cultural education, religious belief, religious system, leisure and entertainment, etc It is a complete human form.

The current scale of the ancient mall. Hongjiang Ancient Commercial City is well preserved with temples, temples and commercial houses of Ming Dynasty, banks, foreign firms, guildhalls, workshops, shops, cigarette houses, inns and brothels of Qing Dynasty, schools, newspapers and other sites of the Republic of China. With a total area of nearly 300000 square meters, Hongjiang Ancient Commercial city is well preserved in the whole province and even the whole country It is rare. Among them, there are about 8 kilometers of Qingshiban road and stone step wharf, which are winding, deep and scattered; there are door plaques, couplets, stone carvings, stone inscriptions, etc. from Kangxi, Qianlong, Daoguang, Tongzhi, Guangxu and the Republic of China; there are more than 40 Taiping VATS with exquisite patterns, exquisite carving and different styles; there are 48 stone inscriptions scattered around, and more than 380 cultural relics are collected; and there are more than 80 cultural relics There are three ancient Neolithic sites and one ancient tomb of famous people; there are palaces, halls, ancestral temples, temples, courtyards, halls, nunneries scattered in the ancient commercial city, and old newspapers linked together It's like a picture of Qingming Riverside, which shows the whole society of Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

Hongjiang Ancient mall

Hongjiang Ancient shopping mall is located in Hongjiang District, Huaihua City, Hunan Province. It is located at the confluence of Yuan River and Wu River. It originated in the spring and Autumn period, formed in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the best preserved ancient buildings in China.

Hongjiang Ancient mall is famous for distributing tung oil, wood, white wax and opium. It is the material distribution center of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan and Sichuan provinces. It is the economic, cultural and religious center of Southwest Hunan. It is known as the "Pearl of Western Hunan", "little Nanjing" and "metropolis of Southwest China". Now, according to experts' research, there are more than 380 well preserved Ming and Qing ancient buildings in Hongjiang Ancient shopping mall, such as yinziwu, temple, escort agency, bank, firm, foreign firm, workshop, shop, inn, brothel, newspaper office and cigarette shop, with a total area of about 300000 square meters.

summary

The ancient buildings preserved in Hongjiang Ancient shopping mall can be regarded as the classics of ancient residential buildings in the south of the Yangtze River in China. The living version of Qingming Riverside is rare in China.

Hongjiang, an ancient city on the edge of Xuefeng mountain in Western Hunan, was famous for its distribution of tung oil, wood, opium and white wax in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties

Famous for a time, it is the material distribution center of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan and Sichuan provinces, enjoying the reputation of "the Pearl of Western Hunan" and "the metropolis of Southwest China". Hongjiang Ancient mall has a long history, but it is "hidden in the boudoir, people do not know".

Most of the cellar houses in Hongjiang Ancient shopping mall were built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. They are shaped like a bucket arch, with the same color of green tiles and gray walls, cornices and angles, carved dragons and painted phoenixes. These ancient cellar houses are all arranged in the shape of a well, which forms a unique pattern of "seven Chong, eight lanes and nine streets". In the alleys of ancient cellar houses, Qingshiban road and wharf are winding and unpredictable. There are plaques, couplets, stone carvings, stone carvings and inscriptions of Kangxi, Qianlong, Daoguang, Tongzhi, Guangxu and the period of the Republic of China, which can be seen everywhere; there are more than 48 Taiping VATS with exquisite designs, exquisite carvings and different styles for fire prevention. Experts say that this is the earliest, largest and most complete ancient mall in Southwest China.

have a long history

Hongjiang has a long history. 3000 years ago, there were ancestors' activities. It has been a post station and commercial port since ancient times. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it developed into a huge town with fireworks. It is famous for distributing tung oil, wood, white wax and opium. It is the economic, cultural and religious center of Southwest Hunan. It is known as "the Pearl of Western Hunan", "little Chongqing", "little Nanjing" and "Southwest metropolis". At present, Hongjiang City preserves a complete ancient commercial city in Ming, Qing and Republic of China. It is like a "Qingming Riverside map" with a direct view of the whole society of Ming, Qing and Republic of China. It is a specimen of China's modern commercial development. It is also one of the most complete and abundant ancient cities in China. It is praised by relevant experts as "the living fossil of the budding capitalism in China's inland areas", which is of great significance Historical and cultural protection and tourism development value.

Early historical materials

The legend of Shennong's "the sun was the market" and Zhuanxu's "zhurong was the market" recorded in Chinese documents means that there was a market for commodity exchange at the end of primitive society. According to the atlas of Chinese cultural relics, Hunan sub volume, Neolithic sites in Hunan Province, "the Yuan River and the Xijiang River are always important channels for ancient culture of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, but they have long been ignored by researchers.". In other words, the Yuan river was the main channel connecting the Yangtze River and the Pearl River as early as the Neolithic Age: according to Lin He, a Chinese folklorist, the earliest Silk Road in China was the water silk road that began in the Shang Dynasty 3000 years ago. The route is to transfer Sichuan's materials to Youshui via the Yangtze River, Yuanling via Youyang and Xiushan, Miao exchange boat via Hongjiang River in Western Hunan, Qingshui River via Huangping in Guizhou, then to Yunnan, Myanmar or Vietnam via caravan, and finally to western regions via land or Indian Ocean China set sail. As an important transit place of the maritime Silk Road, Hongjiang also has the opportunity to breed and produce shopping malls. From the engraving of a Yuan Dynasty cultural relic unearthed in Hongjiang, we can see that the river is full of large and small merchant ships with doors and windows, eaves, curtains and masts. On the Bank of the river are the connecting corridors of wharves and wind rain bridges. Inside are the ancient city walls with magnificent city gates, the carved temples and halls in the city walls, the rows of dwellings and the bustling crowds in the markets. This shows that in the Yuan Dynasty, Hongjiang Ancient mall had become a large market on the border of Hunan and Guizhou.

Dali five years (770), change Wuzhou (Hongjiang) name Xuzhou, governance Longbiao county (in today's Hunan Zhijiang Southeast tangjiushan, Hongjiang), linglongbiao (Hongjiang), Langxi (Huitong), Tanyang (Zhijiang) three counties. It belongs to Qianzhong road. In the early Five Dynasties, it belonged to the state of Chu, and later to the governor's office of Langzhou in the Later Zhou Dynasty. It was abolished in 1074.

History of Hongjiang

Geographically, although Hongjiang is a tiny area, it has gathered Yuanshui, Wushui and SHUSHUI, which lead directly to Dongting and enter the Yangtze River. These tributaries flow into Yuanjiang River one after another. At this point, the river becomes wider and the water potential is huge, just like a torrent, so it has the name of "Hongjiang". Due to the unique water transportation conditions, Hongjiang has been an important post station and prosperous commercial port in Southwest Hunan since ancient times.

Historically, Hongjiang Miao, also known as xiongximiao, is the head of wuximan. Xiongximan is suspected to be a direct tribe of Gonggong. Han people live near the water in the Gonggong tribe of Miao nationality, so it is called Hongjiang. This place name is derived from the name of the clan.

Miao people in Hongjiang live in Wushui River and distribute in Wushui River Basin. The places where the Miao ethnic composition of Hongjiang is relatively complete are Xuefeng mountain area, Huitong, Dongkou, Suining and Chengbu in the east of Qianyang. Suining and Chengbu are Miao Autonomous Counties. Chengbu at the source of Wushui is the second Miao Autonomous County in China and one of the five existing Miao Autonomous Counties in China. The main body of the ancestors of the Miao nationality was the "Wuling man" who traced back to the Yuanjiang River in the Han Dynasty, and was also known as "Wuxi man" in the north and south. Wushui County, known as xiongxi in ancient times, is also known as "xiongximan" because it ranks first among the five rivers in ancient books. At the end of Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, Miao people took advantage of the chaos in the Central Plains to defend themselves according to Feishan, so it is also called "Feishan man" in history. By the Yuan Dynasty, the Miao nationality had become the main nationality in the county. After the Qing Dynasty, the pattern of "three out of ten dwellings and seven out of ten dwellings" in Wushui valley was formed. Hongjiang is the window for Hongjiang Miao to communicate with foreign countries. It is well known that Hongjiang Miao and xiongximan are widely distributed along Wushui.

Xiongxi is another name of Hongjiang District, which comes from Miao language. Wushui is called xiongxi in Shuijing annotation. Xiongxi and Hongxi are also called in historical records.

Chinese PinYin : Hong Jiang Gu Shang Cheng