Zhaoqing ancient city wall

The perimeter of Zhaoqing ancient city wall is 2800 meters. Although it has gone through many vicissitudes and has been repaired for more than 20 times in history, the location of the city wall and gate has not changed. The wall built in Song Dynasty is still intact, which is rare in China. Located in the western part of the ancient city wall, piyunlou was built in the third year of Zhenghe in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is still well preserved. It is named because it stands at the top of the city wall and is often surrounded by clouds. "Piyun crane tears" is one of the eight ancient scenes in Duanzhou.

Zhaoqing ancient city wall

Zhaoqing ancient city wall is a landmark building reflecting the architectural style of Han people in Song Dynasty. Located in the old urban area of Zhaoqing, the perimeter is 2800 meters. According to historical records, Zhaoqing was built as an earthen city wall. In 1113, the earthen city was expanded and built into a brick city. Although the city wall has gone through many vicissitudes and has been repaired more than 20 times in history, the location of the city wall and the gate has not changed. The wall built in Song Dynasty is still intact, which is rare in China.

Zhaoqing ancient city wall was built in Song Dynasty, so it is also called Zhaoqing song city wall. Zhaoqing is the most iconic building, known as Zhaoqing small great wall.

Zhaoqing ancient city wall is a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province and a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Historical origin

Zhaoqing ancient city wall was built in the middle of the year of emperor you of Song Dynasty (1053). Despite the ups and downs in 953, the location and perimeter of the ancient city wall have not changed. The brick wall of the Song Dynasty, whose main body and surrounding area are basically complete, is the only one in Guangdong and rare in China.

According to historical records, nongzhigao, the leader of Zhuang Nationality in Guangxi, fought against the Song Dynasty and made a direct attack on Duanzhou. Ding Baochen, the governor of Duanzhou, abandoned the city because he had no city walls to defend, and was dismissed by the imperial court. After Di Qing pacified nongzhigao (1053), the earth city wall was built in Zhaoqing.

In 1113, Zheng Dunyi, the prefect of Zhenghe of Song Dynasty, expanded the Tucheng into a brick city with four gates: Song Chong in the East, Zhenxi in the west, Duanxi in the South and Chaotian in the north. After the completion of the song city, it took more than 250 years to repair it for the first time in 1368. During the 407 years from the first year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1465) to the 11th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, 20 times of repairs were carried out successively. In 1480, the prefect Li built a brick wall near the city wall of piyunlou, which increased the thickness of part of the city wall.

Keep in good condition

Zhaoqing ancient city wall, and carved four stone plaque, change the east gate to "Qingyun", the west gate to "Jingxing", the south gate to "Nanxun", and the north gate to "Chaotian". In 1641, Zhang Jingxin, the governor of Zhaoqing government, presided over the renovation of the ancient city. He increased the wall by 3.5 feet and increased the height of the wall to 2.5 feet and 5 inches. At the same time, the moon city with four gates was rebuilt and the gate road was added. In the Qing Dynasty, the city wall was damaged many times in the war, in order to strengthen the defense of the city. In 1651, Xu Erxian, commander in chief, and Zhang Zhibi, prefect of the Qing Dynasty, built 6 more fortresses, 148 Wopu and 2 Shuicheng fortresses in the city, demolished houses within 4 feet of the city, and added battlements. From then on until the early years of the Republic of China, the city remained intact.

In 1915, Yimao was flooded, and the city wall resisted the flood, leaving the city safe and sound. But the walls were damaged. In 1916, Li Yaohan, the garrison envoy of Luo town in Zhaoyang, appropriated funds to repair the city wall and dredge the haodao road outside the east gate. From 1924 to 1926, the gate tower, the pheasant turret, the Wenchang Pavilion, the Moon City Fort and the city wall, except the piyunlou section, were all demolished and lowered by about 7 meters. The gate was filled and the slope was built to facilitate traffic.

Overall planning

In the history of Song Dynasty, there were Duanzhou government office, Guangdong and Guangxi governor's office, Duanxi academy, school yard, Guangji warehouse and commercial market. According to the city's famous city protection plan and cultural construction plan, the ancient city wall will be restored and protected by stages. At the same time, efforts will be made to renovate the inner and surrounding areas of song city, protect and gradually restore the relevant cultural relics and sites.

The ancient city wall of Zhaoqing, the scenic spot of "song culture" in Zhaoqing, and the ancient city wall of Duanzhou District, was built in 1113, the third year of Zhenghe in Song Dynasty. It has a circumference of more than 2800 meters, a height of 6.5-10 meters and a width of 8.5-18 meters. The outer wall is bricked and the inner wall is rammed earth. The walls of the Song Dynasty opened four doors: Song Chong in the East, Zhennan in the west, Duanxi in the South and Chaotian in the north. There is a gate tower above the gate, an urn outside the four gates, a turret at each corner of the city wall, and a moat outside the city. The Ming and Qing Dynasties experienced nearly 20 times of deafness training.

Zhaoqing ancient city wall began to be built in Song Dynasty and put into military use. It underwent nearly 20 repairs in Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the period, there were thunderstorms and floods, but the main body remained intact.

architectural style

From 1924 to 1926, the gate tower, turret, battlements and urn on the city wall were all demolished to fill the gate and moat to facilitate traffic, causing great damage to the city wall.

From 1924 to 1926, the gate tower, turret, battlements and urn on the city wall were all demolished to fill the gate and moat for traffic, causing great damage to the city wall.

After 1987, in order to protect the landmark buildings of the famous city, Zhaoqing municipal government has repeatedly allocated special funds to repair the northern section of the city wall, restore the "Chaotian gate", piers and battlements, and reconstruct the Piyun tower, so that the ancient city wall of Zhaoqing can reappear. But today, except for the northern part of the wall, it is still surrounded by later buildings. How to make the city wall get rid of the encirclement and restore its original appearance. After the opening of Songcheng No.1 road in the north, the relevant departments of Zhaoqing city invested heavily in the construction of Songcheng No.2 road to connect it with Songcheng No.1 road and show the north to the world first.

Tourism

From 1987 to 1996, in order to protect the landmark buildings of the famous city and develop tourism, Zhaoqing Municipal People's government repeatedly allocated special funds to repair the northern section of the city wall. In line with the principle of "renovating the old as before" and "restoring the original appearance", Zhaoqing Municipal People's government restored the "Chaotianmen", piers and battlements, and rebuilt the piyunlou, which made the ancient city wall of Zhaoqing reappear and the national historical and cultural city of Zhaoqing reappear Brilliant. Among them, the northern section of the city wall along Songcheng road is of the highest historical value. Inside it are the Middle School of Zhaoqing middle school in Guangdong Province and the former site of the first people's Hospital of Zhaoqing City.

After liberation, the people's government protected and maintained the city wall by stages in accordance with the law, and gradually renovated the surrounding environment to make it magnificent again. It is the most iconic building in Zhaoqing, a famous historical and cultural city. In 1989, it was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit of Guangdong Province by the people's Government of Guangdong Province. In 2001, it was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council.

The scale

The ancient city wall of Zhaoqing is more than 2800 meters long and towering. Located at the highest place in the northwest section of the city wall, Piyun tower stands high. The mottled wall made of green bricks and the tenacious Grass drilled through the cracks of the wall tell people the vicissitudes of history for thousands of years and the changes of this national historical and cultural city.

The ancient city wall of Zhaoqing in Song Dynasty has four gates: Song Chong in the East, Zhenxi in the west, Duanxi in the South and Chaotian in the north. Therefore, there are four bus stops named "East Gate", "west gate", "South Gate" and "North Gate" around the city wall.

There is a gate tower above the gate, an urn outside the four gates, a turret at each corner of the city wall, and a moat outside the city. In the fifth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1469), Li Feng, the magistrate, thickened part of the city wall, and personally wrote a stone plaque on the four gates, changing the east gate to Yue Qingyun, the west gate to Jingxing, the south gate to Nanxun, and the north gate to Chaotian.

Layout structure

The perimeter of the ancient city wall is 2801.2 meters, including 403.4 meters in the East, 376.9 meters in the west, 992.3 meters in the South and 1028.6 meters in the north. The wall is 8 meters to 18 meters wide. It is built with bricks on both sides and filled with earth in the middle. The brick wall is 60 cm to 120 cm thick. There are 28 projecting enemy platforms around the city wall.

There are nine different specifications of city bricks, which are the witness of many repairs in history. At that time, it built earth walls to resist the enemy soldiers, and the scale was "only able to accommodate buildings". The city walls have been expanded and renovated in the past dynasties. In the third year of Zhenghe (1113), Zheng Dunyi, the prefect of the Song Dynasty, expanded the Tucheng into a brick city with four gates. In the East, Song Chong was called, in the west, Zhennan was called, in the south, Duanxi was called, and in the north, Chaotian was called. There are half moon shaped cities outside the four gates, which are called moon city. Each moon city has its own door, which is called Kuo gate. Each moon city has its own small building. There is also a turret in each corner of the city wall. There is Piyun tower in the west of the north wall and Wenchang Pavilion in the east of the south wall.

There are 6 cannons, 17 small cannons and 13 barracks in the city. There is a moat outside the city and an inner moat inside the city. In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Huang Deming, the governor of Jiangxi Province, presided over the first repair. During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, it was repaired six times, adding 810 towers, thickening the wall, and carving four stone plaques. The east gate is Qingyun, the west gate is Jingxing, the south gate is Nanxun, and the north gate is Chaotian.

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there have been more than 10 renovations, among which the larger ones are: in 1614, Zhang Jingxin, governor of Zhaoqing Prefecture, increased the wall by 3.5 feet and rebuilt the four gate moon city. In 1651, Xu Erxian, the commander in chief, and Zhang Zhibi, the magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, built 6 additional fort, 148 Wopu and 2 Shuicheng fort, and demolished the city wall

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