the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort

Chengde summer resort is located in Chengde City, Hebei Province, the people's Republic of China. It used to be the summer palace of the Qing emperor. It's 230 kilometers from Beijing. It is composed of the Imperial Palace, royal gardens and magnificent temples. The summer resort is located in the narrow valley on the West Bank of Wulie River to the north of Chengde downtown. It was built in 1703 and took 89 years to complete after three emperors of Qing Dynasty: Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong.

The villa is divided into four main regions: the southern part is the palace area and the lake area, and the north is the mountain area and the plain area. The palace area and the lake area are the essence of the Mountain Resort.

Palace area:

As soon as you enter the main entrance of the summer resort, you can see the palace area, so you are usually the first to visit the palace area.

Because the summer resort was the place where the Qing government met with foreign guests, it was built according to the etiquette of receiving foreign guests, so the specifications were very high, which was equivalent to the specifications of the Forbidden City. At the same time, in order to show the Chinese traditional virtues of modesty and frugality in front of foreign guests, the overall layout of the palace area was simple and generous, but the building materials were very expensive. The main hall was simple and the Jingcheng hall was all used Nanmu, the standard "low-key luxury", can be described as "painstaking" in design.

From the door with the plaque of "summer resort Museum", the tour of the palace area begins. You can see the four character plaque of "summer resort" with Kangxi's imperial pen, the main hall of tranquility and sincerity, the hall of Yanbo Zhishuang with two emperors of Jiaqing and Xianfeng, etc. you can visit the palace area in about two hours at most. From the back door, the next slope, to the mountain tour of the car on the spot.

mountain area:

If you have enough time, you can take a mountain car to visit the mountain area after visiting the palace area. If the time is limited, you can give up the mountain area and go straight to the lake area.

The mountain area accounts for four fifths of the area of the summer resort. Rich families build gardens and decorate them with a few rockeries. They really surround the wild mountains, but they have never heard of them. Kangxi's deep intention in building the summer resort is probably to ask future generations not to forget that their nation comes from far away mountains, and also not to forget the foreigners who are watching their territory .

Many scenic spots will pass by all the way, but you can only have a look on the bus. Only three stops, namely "simianyun mountain", "Erma road" and "Qingfeng Green Island", will let tourists down to visit. The more interesting of the three stops is "Er Ma Dao". Standing on the wall of the summer resort, you can see the temple of Putuo Zongcheng (commonly known as "little potala palace") and Puning Temple in the Waiba Temple (a religious place established for the ethnic minorities who met with the Qing Dynasty). The golden roof of the little potala palace is shining in the sun, especially prominent. When you get to fangyuanju, it's the terminal. Fangyuanju is on the West Bank of Ruyi lake. After you get off, you can visit the lake area directly.

Lake area:

The reason why there are such pavilions and pavilions on the lake as summer resort in the north is that Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong loved the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Although the lake area imitates the characteristics of the combination of architecture and water in the south of the Yangtze River, it is much more magnificent than the small bridges in the south of the Yangtze River. There are 72 scenes of Kangxi and Qianlong in the villa, 36 scenes of Kangxi inscriptions and 36 scenes of Qianlong inscriptions. In fact, it's impossible to collect all 72 scenes. Some scenes are so small that if you don't pay attention to them, you will miss them. Among the 72 scenic spots, 31 are in the lake area, which is equivalent to the "condensed version" of 72 scenic spots. Among them, Yanyu building is a must. It is built in imitation of Yanyu building in Nanhu, Jiaxing. It is one of the shooting places of the TV series huanzhu gege. In the lake area, you can also take a pedal boat and go boating on the lake. The reference price is 50 yuan / hour.

Plain area:

It is located between the mountain area and the lake area. You can walk north from the east of the lake area close to the villa. In the west of the plain area is grassland, with the trial horse Dai where the emperor held horse racing activities as the main body; in the East is woodland, known as Wanshu garden, in which there are 28 Mongolian yurts of different specifications. In the plain area, there are also the Royal Library, Wenjin Pavilion, Yongyou temple, chunhaoxuan, Suyun eaves, etc.

Chengde Summer Resort

synonym

Summer resort generally refers to Chengde Mountain Resort (located in Chengde City, Hebei Province)

Chengde summer resort, also known as "Chengde Palace" or "Rehe Palace", is a world cultural heritage, a national AAAAA tourist attraction, a national key cultural relics protection unit and one of the four famous gardens in China. The villa is located in the north of Chengde City Center in Hebei Province, on the narrow valley along the West Bank of WuLie river. It is a place for the Qing emperors to spend summer and deal with government affairs.

Summer resort is divided into palace area, Lake area, plain area and mountain area. The mountain resort was first built in 1703; in March 1961, it was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units; in December 1994, Chengde Mountain resort was listed in the world heritage list.

On September 29, 2019, Hebei Province organized a review of some A-level scenic spots in the province. After deliberation, 84 A-level scenic spots such as Chengde summer resort were criticized and ordered to rectify within a time limit of 6 months.

On December 6 of the same year, Chinese, American and Australian scientists announced that there were a large number of well preserved dinosaur footprints in Chengde summer resort.

Historical evolution

The construction of summer resort can be divided into two stages.

The first stage: from the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703) to the 52nd year of Kangxi (1713), the lake area was developed, the island was built, the embankment was built, and then the palace, pavilion trees and palace walls were built, so that the summer resort began to take shape. In the garden selected by Emperor Kangxi, Jiajing was inscribed with "36 scenes" in the name of four characters.

The second stage: from 1741 to 1754, Emperor Qianlong extended the summer resort on a large scale, adding palaces and many exquisite large-scale garden buildings. Qianlong imitated his grandfather Kangxi and named it "thirty six sceneries" after three characters, which were collectively called "seventy-two sceneries of summer resort".

In 1681, the Qing government established Mulan paddock in the Mongolian grassland, 350 kilometers away from Beijing, in order to strengthen the local management of Mongolia and consolidate the northern border defense. Every autumn, the emperor led tens of thousands of people, including princes and ministers, eight banners army, and even imperial concubines, Royal descendants, to the Mulan paddock for hunting, in order to train the army and defend the border. In order to provide food and shelter for the emperor along the way, 21 palaces were built between Beijing and Mulan paddock, one of which was Rehe palace, the summer resort. The construction of the summer resort and its surrounding temples started in 1703, the 42nd year of Emperor Kangxi, and the last project was completed in 1792, the 57th year of Emperor Qianlong. The British and French allied forces attacked the north

In Beijing, Emperor Xianfeng fled here with a group of ministers.

From the 52nd year of Kangxi to the 45th year of Qianlong (1713-1780), with the construction of the summer resort, the surrounding temples were built one after another.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, about half a year was spent in Chengde. The important political, military, ethnic and diplomatic affairs in the early Qing Dynasty were all dealt with here. Therefore, Chengde summer resort has become the capital and the second political center outside Beijing. Here, Qianlong received and entertained some important figures, such as durbert Taiji sancheling, turhuttai jiwobashi and the sixth Panchen Lama, the leader of Tibetan politics and religion. He also received the first British mission to China headed by special envoy Macartney. Both emperor Jiaqing and Xianfeng of Qing Dynasty died here. In 1860, when the British and French allied forces attacked Beijing, Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty fled to the summer resort for refuge, where he approved several unequal treaties such as the Sino Russian Beijing treaty. The "Xinyou coup" which influenced the process of Chinese history also originated here. With the decline of the Qing Dynasty, the summer resort gradually declined.

In 1961, the State Council listed Puning Temple, Pule temple, Putuo Zongcheng temple and Xumi Fushou temple as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. From 1976 to 2006, the State Council approved and implemented three ten-year renovation plans for the Eight Temples outside the summer resort, which clearly defined the protection principle of "rescue and renovation". The state and local governments successively invested hundreds of millions of yuan of special funds for the maintenance of ancient buildings and the renovation of gardens, and invested a large amount of funds for the comprehensive renovation of the environment around the cultural relics reserve.

Since August 2010, the cultural heritage protection project of Chengde Mountain Resort and surrounding temples has been in full swing. The project is planned to be implemented in three to five years, with a special fund of 600 million yuan invested by the central government for the protection and repair of cultural relics and the management of the water system of the villa. It has also determined the cultural heritage protection projects in many aspects, such as the protection of ancient buildings, the protection of cultural relics and science and technology, and three comprehensive management projects for the water environment of the villa. The renovation project has also set up a powerful "think tank", and each project will "tailor" the renovation plan on the basis of careful investigation. Information came from the work office of the cultural heritage protection project headquarters of Chengde Mountain Resort and surrounding temples, and all the protection projects were progressing smoothly. A total of 13 projects, including archaeological exploration, the protection and repair of Anyuan temple, and the rescue of dahongtai in Xumi Fushou temple, have been started. Among them, five projects have been completed, including the rescue of dahongtai in Xumi Fushou temple and the Qing Dynasty road in summer resort.

Architectural pattern

Overall layout

Summer resort is divided into palace area, Lake area, plain area and mountain area. Palace area is located in the South Bank of the lake, flat terrain, is the imperial palace

Chinese PinYin : Bi Shu Shan Zhuang