Hunan University

Hunan University is located in the national 5A Yuelu Mountain scenic spot on the West Bank of Xiangjiang River in Changsha, Hunan Province. It is a famous university with a long history and great reputation. It is a key construction University of "211 Project" and "985 Project" directly under the Ministry of education. Hunan university enjoys the reputation of "Millennium University, century famous university". It is not only a Chinese institution of higher learning, but also a famous tourist attraction in Changsha

essential information

Historical evolution

From the Northern Song Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty

In 976 ad, Yuelu Academy was officially established in Zhudong, the prefect of Tanzhou.

In 1008, Yuelu Academy entered the heyday of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In 1015, Emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty summoned the mountain long Zhou style of Yuelu Academy and granted the plaque of "Yuelu Academy". Under the leadership of Zhou style, Yuelu Academy had a great development and became one of the four largest academies in the world.

In 1165, Liu Gong, a pacifier of Hunan Province, rebuilt Yuelu Academy and recruited the famous Neo Confucianist bishop Zhang Lei to strengthen its educational and academic status in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In 1167, Zhu Xi, a famous Neo Confucianist, visited the court and discussed the meaning of the doctrine of the mean with Zhang, which is known as "Zhu Zhang Hui Shuo". It was the first time for different schools to hold talks in academies, which greatly promoted the development of Neo Confucianism in Song Dynasty and ancient Chinese philosophy, and became a grand event in the history of ancient Chinese culture. After Zhu and Zhang's speech, Yuelu Academy became more famous.

In 1194, Zhu Xi served as Hunan pacifier, reorganized Yuelu Academy and promulgated the doctrine of Zhuzi Academy. Yuelu Academy once again entered a prosperous period.

In 1246, Emperor LiZong of the Song Dynasty granted the "Yuelu Academy" an amount

. In 1275, the Mongolian army attacked Tanzhou, and Yuelu Academy was burned down. At that time, hundreds of students of Yuelu Academy took part in the battle, and most of them committed suicide after the city was broken. In 1286, Liu Bida rebuilt the Academy. Liu Bida, the founder of Tanzhou academy, presided over the reconstruction of Yuelu Academy. Yuelu Academy, which had been abandoned for more than 10 years, began to revive. In 1314 (the first year of Yan Dynasty), Liu Anren presided over the overhaul again.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the war broke out again, and Yuelu Academy was destroyed in 1368.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang pursued the policy of "education first" in governing the country. We should attach importance to the revival of local official schools, but not advocate academy education. Because of the decadence of the academies all over the country, Yuelu Academy has been silent for more than 100 years.

During Chenghua (1465-1487), academies began to recover gradually. In 1432 (the seventh year of Xuande), the earliest restoration of Yuelu Academy was carried out by private funds. In 1469 (the fifth year of Chenghua), Qian Peng, the magistrate of Changsha, revived the Academy again, but it was soon abandoned. In 1494 (the seventh year of Hongzhi), Changsha government ordered Chen Gang to restore Yuelu Academy.

In 1507, Wang Shouren (also known as Wang Yangming), the great master of Yangming's theory of mind, came to Yuelu to give lectures. It is another important school activity of Yuelu Academy after Huxiang school in Southern Song Dynasty, which indicates the arrival of another academic prosperity period of Yuelu Academy.

In 1643, Zhang Xianzhong, a peasant uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty, attacked Changsha, and the Academy was destroyed in the scuffle.

In 1652, at the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the Imperial Court adopted the policy of restraining academies. Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty once ordered: "it is not allowed to set up other academies, gather together apprentices, and call on local people to travel and eat, and talk about abandoning the industry.". Peng Yufeng, governor of Hunan Province, hired Liu Zi, a student of you County, Changsha Prefecture, to preside over Yuelu teaching affairs. In the late years of Shunzhi, the policy of restraining academies began to relax. In the years of Kangxi and Yongzheng, the policy of supporting and encouraging academies was implemented.

In 1668, Zhou Zhaonan, governor of Hunan Province, rebuilt Yuelu Academy and basically restored its original scale.

In 1674, Wu Sangui launched a rebellion against San Francisco and conquered Changsha. Yuelu Academy was destroyed on the spot.

In 1684, Ding Sikong, governor of Hunan Province, rebuilt Yuelu Academy.

In 1687, Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty granted a plaque of "learning to reach nature".

In 1733, Emperor Yongzheng of Qing Dynasty ordered Yuelu to be a Provincial Academy, which further promoted the development of academy.

In 1743, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty granted the imperial book "Daonan Zhengmai", and the important position of Yuelu Academy in the whole country was once again affirmed.

In 1831, Wu Rongguang, governor of Hunan Province, imitated the Haitang system and created Xiangshui school Jingtang, which was the first time to reform the academy teaching.

In 1852, when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom army attacked Changsha, Yuelu Academy was destroyed by the war, which was known as "half destroyed academy" in history. Then Dean Ding Shanqing repaired it one by one.

In 1868, Liu Kun, governor of Hunan Province, presided over a large-scale construction.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Yuelu Academy conformed to the historical trend, set up translation, arithmetic and other subjects, added current affairs and Western books, and carried out teaching reform. At the same time, he participated in the establishment of the current affairs school.

In 1897, the school of current affairs was founded. It is one of the most famous new colleges and universities in China during the reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty.

In February 1899, Shiwu Academy was changed into Qiushi Academy.

In March 1902, Qiushi Academy was transformed into provincial capital university.

In February 1903, the provincial capital university was renamed Hunan University.

In November 1903, Yuelu Academy was transformed into a college of higher learning, and the former Hunan College of higher learning was incorporated into it to form a new Hunan College of higher learning.

The period of the Republic of China

In 1912, the Republic of China changed to Yuan Dynasty. The Ministry of Education promulgated the Renzi education system, Hunan higher school was ordered to stop running, and engineering students were sent to Hunan Higher Technical School (later renamed Hunan public technical school) and Hunan Higher Normal School to continue their study. In the same year, Hunan Normal University was ordered to move in.

In 1913, Yang Changji published in Hunan Education magazine what I felt about education after I returned to China. He suggested: "there is no university in Hunan that can be compared with the western and Eastern countries If the institutions of higher learning are not developed, the secondary schools will be deprived of their sources, which is not a blessing for the future of education Hunan University is expected to be formed by Hunan Normal University, higher industrial school, Mingde higher business school, law and politics school, medical school, etc. All organizations refer to the established laws of the eastern and Western countries. They have a grand foundation and are not easy to carry out. However, such plans are indispensable for developing national strength and concentrating our thoughts. "

In 1915, the Beiyang government planned to divide the country into six school districts, stipulating that higher normal schools could only be set up in Beijing, Nanjing, Wuchang, Chengdu, Guangzhou and Shenyang. It not only makes the hope of founding Hunan University dim, but also makes it inevitable that Hunan Normal University will be abolished. Yang Changji wrote to fan Yuanlian, the then director general of education and a graduate of current affairs school, calling for the continuation of Hunan Normal University as the "foundation for future expansion" of Hunan University.

In 1915, December of the fourth year of the Republic of China, the second record of Hunan Higher Normal school system recorded: "Hunan Higher Normal School is the old Yuelu Academy." The first situation, compiled by Hunan Normal University, describes the topography of Yuelu Mountain, the second system, all the buildings of Yuelu Academy and the historical evolution of Yuelu Academy as its predecessor, and the fourth reveals all the important aspects of Yuelu Academy, including the lecture hall, the studio and the dining hall Want to be the basic component of, and say: "everything is still there.".

In May 1917, the normal university was suspended. Yang Changji, together with Zhu Jianfan, Yi Peiji, Yang Shuda, Hu Yuanfu and Liu Zongxiang, jointly submitted to the Hunan provincial government, proposing that Yuelu normal university should be changed to a provincial Hunan University, with preparatory courses set up first, and the books, instruments and school buildings of the normal university, the current affairs school, the realistic college, the College of higher learning and the superior normal school should be properly preserved for the purpose of running the University.

In September 1917, the Hunan provincial government officially set up the Preparatory Office of Hunan University in banxuezhai of Yuelu Academy. It appointed Mr. Yang Changji, Kong Zhaoshou, Hu YuanJu and Yi Peiji as the preparatory staff. It designated the Normal University site and the Confucian temple area of Yuelu Academy, such as banxuezhai and zunjingge, as the safekeeping Office of school tools, and appointed graduates Gan Rong and Liu Zhiding to take care of school tools.

In June 1918, Yang Changji was appointed professor of ethics at Peking University at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei. Before he left Changsha, he was still obsessed with running Hunan University, so he rewritten his submission to the provincial government into an article entitled "on the necessity of establishing a provincial university in Hunan". From the aspects of revitalizing education, cultivating talents, practical needs, inheriting history, and prospering academia, he systematically, comprehensively and fully discussed the idea of organizing Hunan University, and made suggestions for the future of Hunan University This paper puts forward some tentative ideas on the development scale, subject setting and fund input of the project.

On February 1, 1926, Hunan industry, commerce, law and politics three specialized schools merged and established Hunan Provincial University.

On March 9, 1926, at the opening ceremony of Hunan University, Dr. Edward Hume, the 1897 graduate of Yale University, the founder of Hunan Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya Medical College, and the then president of College of Yale in China, presented a congratulatory speech to Hunan University on behalf of the educational circles.

In 1927, Hunan Provincial University was renamed Hunan University of technology.

In 1927, Hunan Provincial Agricultural School (now Changde Vocational College) was established through the merger of the Department of agriculture and Senior High School of Hunan Provincial University

Chinese PinYin : Hu Nan Da Xue