Shouzhou kiln

Shouzhou kiln

Shouzhou kiln is one of the famous porcelain kilns in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The products are famous for celadon. The kilns are located in Shangyao Town, guanjiagang, Yujiagou, waiyao, etc. The Tang Dynasty belongs to Shouzhou, hence its name. Six kiln sites were found in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It began to burn in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and finally in the late Tang Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, celadon ware was fired. Its products include small mouth plate, four series bottle, high foot plate and so on.

Site introduction

Ancient Shouzhou kiln sites are mainly distributed in Shangyao Town, Datong District, Huainan City, including guanzuizi, Gaoyao, inpatient department of hospital, Songshulin and chexiaowan. The central kiln site covers an area of about 30000 square meters, with a total area of about 16 square kilometers. It was announced as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit in 1981 and a national key cultural relics protection unit in 2001.

Create a fever

Shouzhou kiln was founded in the Southern Dynasty and stopped in the late Tang Dynasty. It was built about 400 years ago. The main types of utensils are pots, bowls, pillows, notes, bowls, toys and building materials. It flourished in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and is famous for its first creation of yellow glazed porcelain. It ranks fifth in the major kilns of the Tang Dynasty. It has existed for 350 years and lost for 1200 years.

One of the seven porcelain kilns

Shouzhou kiln is one of the seven major porcelain kilns in the Tang Dynasty. According to Lu Yu's tea classic, the porcelain is yellow and purple, ranking Shouzhou kiln fifth. Shouzhou kiln is mainly based on the Central Plains culture, including the northern and southern culture, and has local characteristics.

It is one of the famous porcelain kilns from the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. After 1960, through many investigations, it was found that the kilns were mainly distributed in butaizui, Yujiagou, inpatient department of Shangyao hospital, waiyao village, majiagang, Quanshan and sanzuo kilns in Shangyao Town, and Linquan temple, shangliuzhuang and daliuzhuang in wudian District of Fengyang County. The kilns are distributed across gushou and Haozhou, about 80 kilometers long from east to west, mainly along the banks of Gaotang lake and Yaohe river. Shouzhou kilns lasted about 350 years from the Southern Dynasty to the end of Tang Dynasty through Sui Dynasty.

Early products

The early products of Shouzhou kiln include cans, four series bottles, beans, lamps and so on. Most of them are light blue gray glaze and green glaze, and the quality of the body is fine. It has low water absorption and green glaze. It is fired with reducing flame. The glaze is thin and transparent. No glaze is applied to the lower abdomen and foot. Products in heyday include bowls, plates, cups, bowls, notebooks, pillows, toys, etc. Glaze color to oxidation flame firing, there are yellow, eel yellow, yellow green glaze. The glaze layer is glassy. Round kilns of Tang Dynasty were found in majiagang and Yujiagou. The walls of the kilns were built with bricks or kiln sticks. The diameter of the kilns was about 3 meters. Saggers were stacked up and down. There was a fire path of about 8 cm between the saggers. The case contained one or more pieces, all of which were burned on the back. The kiln used in the early period had round multi foot support. After the early Sui Dynasty, it used three or four fork support, nail support and triangle support.

The product is divided into six phases

The products of Shouzhou porcelain kiln can be divided into six phases. Taking the third year of kaihuang (583) of the Sui Dynasty as an example, the light green grey glaze products fired by Linquan Temple kiln belong to the first period, which dates from the southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty. Taking the sixth year of kaihuang of the Sui Dynasty as an example, the green glaze products fired by Linquan Temple kiln, as well as the green glaze wares unearthed from guanzuizi and shangliuzhuang belong to the second period, and the later belongs to the third period, which dates from the Sui Dynasty. According to the relationship of strata superimposition, it can be inferred that the blue glaze, yellow glaze and black glaze unearthed from daliuzhuang and Yujiagou porcelain sites belong to the third stage, the fourth and fifth stage and the sixth stage, respectively, from the early Tang Dynasty to the end of Tang Dynasty.

protective measures

It was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit

In 1985, the well preserved kiln sites were divided into five protection areas, namely guanzuizi kiln site, Gaoyao kiln site, baishulin dongxiaowan kiln site, Shangyao hospital inpatient department kiln site and Yujiagou kiln site protection area. The "Four Haves" protection measures (including protection scope, protection signs, protection groups and records) have been implemented around each reserve. In 1986, the Municipal People's government built the "Shouzhou Kiln Ceramic Museum" in Shangyao Town, and completed the first phase of the project in 1987.

In September 1981, the provincial people's government announced it as a key cultural relics protection unit. Shouzhou kiln was founded and burned in the Southern Dynasty

In today's Huainan City, Anhui Province, the Tang Dynasty belongs to Shouzhou, so it is called Shouzhou kiln. It began to burn in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and finally in the late Tang Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, celadon products were mainly fired, including small mouth plate, four series bottle, high foot plate, etc. In the Tang Dynasty, yellow glazed porcelain and a small amount of black glazed porcelain were mainly used. The products included bowls, plates, cups, cups, bowls, pillows, notebooks, toys, etc. Most of the unearthed objects in Yujiagou site are bowls, in addition, there are notes and pillows. Most of the objects are flat bottomed, the notes are polygonal and short flowing, and the pillows are small rectangular, all of which have a typical Tang Dynasty style. The glaze is mostly yellow, which is consistent with the characteristics of "Shouzhou porcelain yellow and Tan purple" in Lu Yu's tea classic of Tang Dynasty.

Main features

The kiln is: Sui Dynasty Solid Carcass, thick, green color. In Tang Dynasty, the body color was white and yellow. The glaze color is yellow green in Sui Dynasty, with glass luster and small grain. In the Tang Dynasty, the glaze was mainly yellow, smooth and transparent, and most of them were made up with clay. In addition, it also burns black glazed porcelain. The glaze is smooth as lacquer, and a few of them are sauce brown. There are two kinds of products: thick and thin, and the fine ones are white.

In terms of decoration techniques, there are three kinds of printing, drawing and decal, and in terms of firing methods, all of them use the method of overlapping beads. There are traces of burning in bowls and dishes.

Its characteristics and identification essentials are as follows: (1) the Sui Dynasty product 1: celadon fired in the Sui Dynasty has a hard body, a thick body, and a blue gray color; its cross section is thick, with pores and iron spots of different sizes. The glaze is green with yellow or green, with good luster. Utensils are usually only half glazed, and the glaze often has a small opening. There are three kinds of decoration methods: printing, drawing and decal. There are lotus petal pattern, single string pattern, compound string pattern, wave pattern and so on; only curly grass pattern can be seen in the decal. The composition of the pattern is usually banded or flower like. (2) product 1 of the Tang Dynasty has a heavy body, white and yellowing color. The glaze color is mainly yellow. The glaze surface is smooth, with small grains and transparent glass texture on the surface. Most use make-up soil, but the combination of glaze and make-up soil is not strong, there is spalling phenomenon. Three pins or beads were used to fold and burn. There were three marks of pins or beads in the bowl, plate and bottom foot. The four utensils are bowl, cup, bowl, note, pillow, toy and so on. Most of them are flat bottomed, and some are slightly concave. Use a knife to cut off the edge of a bowl or a cup. There are polygonal short flow notes, pillow for small rectangular, have a typical Tang Dynasty style.

Address: Shangyao Town, Datong District, Huainan City, Anhui Province

Longitude: 117.15633895563

Latitude: 32.724121964603

Chinese PinYin : Shou Zhou Yao