Zhongshan Botanical Garden

It is backed by the lush and towering Zhongshan Mountain, facing the front lake full of waves, the ancient and spectacular Ming city wall, and the famous Zhongshan Mausoleum at home and abroad.

The scenic area is divided into two parts: North and south. The North Scenic Area is composed of exhibition greenhouse, flower viewing, leaf viewing and fruit viewing communities. In spring, the trees are full of flowers, just like clouds; in autumn, the hills are full of red, and the layers of forest are dyed, so it is full of mountain forest and wild interest. In the southern scenic area, Ginkgo biloba and Koelreuteria are used as shade trees. Osmanthus fragrans and plum blossom are the characteristics of the area. The scenic area is quiet, beautiful, fragrant and charming.

Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden

synonym

Zhongshan Botanical Garden generally refers to Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden

Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden is located in Zhongshan scenic area, Xuanwu District, Nanjing city. It is also known as the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province. It is subordinate to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was founded in 1929 (18 years of the Republic of China). Formerly known as the Memorial botanical garden of the premier's mausoleum, it is the first national botanical garden in China and one of the four major botanical gardens in China. Zhongshan Botanical Garden is the first botanical garden in China to join the International Union for the conservation of nature and natural resources. It is a member of the endangered plants Committee of the World Conservation Union. It has successfully hosted the first international botanical garden Symposium and the 11th International Botanical Garden Association Conference in the history of Asia.

As of the end of 2013, the botanical garden covers an area of 1.86 million square meters. There are more than 700000 wax leaf specimens in the garden, more than 3000 species of plants preserved in the botanical garden, and 10 specialized gardens (districts) have been built. There are 700000 specimens in the botanical garden. There are ornamental plant center, medicinal plant center, plant information center, Key Laboratory of ex situ plant protection and the largest herbarium in East China. The whole botanical garden is divided into North and South regions. The north region focuses on the protection, research and utilization of China's central and north subtropical plants, while the south region is a plant expo garden centered on the Tropical Botanical palace.

Zhongshan Botanical Garden is the "National Youth Science and technology education base", "national popular science education base" and Jiangsu provincial and Nanjing Municipal popular science education base. It is the base of China's plant science research, ornamental and botany knowledge popularization education. It is a comprehensive public welfare organization integrating plant science research, plant resources collection and protection, botanical garden construction and popular science education. Zhongshan Botanical Garden is also one of the 48 scenic spots in Jinling. It is a scenic spot with beautiful environment in China. It receives more than 300000 visitors from home and abroad every year

On November 19, 2019, it won the fourth "China Forestry Industry Innovation Award" for its projects of "creation of new germplasm of excellent turfgrass and integration, popularization and application of supporting technologies", "innovation, development and utilization of germplasm of Taxodium".

Historical evolution

In March 1925, Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the pioneer of China's democratic revolution, died in Beijing. In accordance with his wish, he built a mausoleum at the south foot of the main peak of Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing. In order to preserve the valuable flowers and plants and trees presented to Zhongshan Mausoleum by many governments and non-governmental organizations, in 1929, a memorial botanical garden for Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the father of China, was established on the west side of Zhongshan Mausoleum and near Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum.

In October 1949, after the founding of new China, Zhongshan Botanical Garden, which was destroyed by the Japanese imperialist war against China, was restored and developed. It has not only become a scenic spot in memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, but also one of the important bases of plant research in China.

In terms of botany research, on the basis of the Institute of zoology and botany established by Academia Sinica in July 1934, after reasonable adjustment, a group of scientific researchers led by Pei Jian, a taxonomist of plants, were mobilized in October 1950 to establish the East China working station of Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Nanjing.

In February 1954, with the official approval of the Government Affairs Council of the Central People's government, the workstation was moved to the West foot of Zijin in Nanjing to merge and expand with Dr. Sun Yat Sen Memorial botanical garden, officially named "Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences".

In June 1960, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences was expanded into Nanjing Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences

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By 1966, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden had established more than 700 mu of "nursery experimental area", "medicinal botanical garden", "timber tree species garden", "pine and cypress garden", "arboretum" and "classification garden", and built more than 2000 square meters of greenhouse. In the same year, "Cultural Revolution" began, scientific research stopped, and botanical garden land was occupied

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In July 1970, the institution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was adjusted, and the Nanjing Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was renamed Jiangsu Institute of Botany (Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden). In November of the same year, the botanical garden moved to Laoshan Forest Farm of Jiangpu County, becoming a subsidiary unit of the farm

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In 1972, the botanical garden moved back to Nanjing and lived in Nanjing Agricultural College

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In July 1974, Comrade Deng Xiaoping gave instructions to return the occupied garden site

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In 1978, at the second botanical garden working conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden was identified as one of the four key botanical gardens in China.

Since October 1993, it has been under the dual leadership of Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and has been renamed the Institute of Botany of Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also known as Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden of Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

By 2009, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden has become a comprehensive botanical garden integrating scientific research, science popularization and sightseeing

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geographical environment

Location context

Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden is located in Xuanwu District of Nanjing City, 31 ° 14 ′ - 32 ° 37 ′ n, 118 ° 22 ′ - 119 ° 14 ′ E

The botanical garden covers an area of 186 hectares. It is backed by Zhongshan Mountain, facing Qianhu lake, next to Ming city wall, and away from Zhongshan Mausoleum.

Climate conditions

Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden belongs to the north subtropical monsoon climate zone, with annual average temperature of 14.7 ℃, extreme maximum temperature of 41 ℃ (1988), extreme minimum temperature of 23.4 ℃ (1969), and mild climate. The annual average rainfall is 1000.4mm, and the precipitation is mainly concentrated from June to September, accounting for 59.2% of the annual rainfall. The frost free period is 237 days.

plant resources

As of November 2013, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden has preserved more than 5000 species of plants, about 100000 plants, among which there are many rare, new and excellent species, such as Davidia involucrata (pigeon tree), Taiwania lanceolata, etc., which are the first class national protected plants, Sinojackia sinensis, which is the unique plant in Nanjing, sleeping bag, which is the largest root plant in Asia, and Aristolochia glabra, which is the most poisonous tree in the world.

As of May 2009, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden has 8 species of national first-class protected plants, 17 species of national second-class protected plants and 10 species of national third-class protected plants.

National first class protected plants (8 species): Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Camellia chrysantha, Davidia involucrata, ginseng, Taiwania flousiana, wangtianshu, Cathaya argyrophylla, Alsophila spinulosa

17 species of national second-class protected plants: Cistanche deserticola, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Pseudotsuga fortunei, Liriodendron chinense (Liriodendron chinense), Sinojackia chinensis, Eucommia ulmoides, Abies beshanzuensis, tourniquet, xiangguoshu, Chimonanthus praecox, Carpinus Putuo, Lysimachia christinae, Ginkgo biloba, Adiantum lotus, antler fern and juniper

Three grade protected plants (10 species): collar wood, perfume rose, fan fern, Qinling Mountains fir, Korean cedar, blueberry Rhododendron, spike flower, Saussurea involucrata, hedgehog, red bean tree

Main attractions

Beiyuan

Beiyuan is an old park and a plant research center in North and central subtropics of China. It has 10 special gardens (districts), including ornamental plant center, medicinal plant center, economic plant center, Jiangsu Provincial medicinal plant research and development center, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of ex situ plant protection, and the largest herbarium in East China, with a collection of 700000 specimens. There is also a world of bridges for children to play with.

South Garden

Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden South Park is a new park, which started construction in 1999. According to the landscape focus, it is divided into 11 areas: Tropical Botanical palace, grass garden, blind botanical garden, hongfenggang scenic spot, bonsai garden, rose garden, medicine garden, pine and cypress garden, arboretum, plant classification system garden, natural path - Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden Nature Education area

More than 3000 species of living plants were collected. The 11 areas are mainly for displaying plant landscape, taking into account the functions of science popularization and leisure tour. The South Garden was opened to the public on the national day of 2007, and was named "plant expo garden of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province".

Scientific research

Scientific research department

The Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province (Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden) has seven laboratories and research centers: the Key Laboratory of ex situ plant protection of Jiangsu Province, the research and development center of medicinal plants of Jiangsu Province, the research center of plant diversity and systematic evolution, the research center of economic plants, the research center of ornamental plants, the research center of plant ecology, and the research center of natural product chemistry heart

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staff establishing

As of 2014, the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Jiangsu Province (Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden) has 311 in-service staff, including 227 career staff and 84 employment staff. There are 56 graduate students, including 44 in the Institute's headquarters and 12 in joint training of doctoral and master's degree students

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Shan Zhi Wu Yuan