Mochou Lake Park

Mochou Lake is a famous Jiangnan classical garden with a long history of 1500 years and rich cultural resources. It is named after Mochou girl. It is a famous site of the Six Dynasties. There are many buildings, pavilions, pavilions and pavilions in the garden. Willows and crabapples are on the Bank of the garden. The lake is rippling and the blue waves shine on people. Shengqi building, yujintang, river appreciation hall, waterside pavilion, Baoyue building, Guanghua Pavilion and winding corridor are hidden in the shade of mountains, rocks, pines and bamboos, flowers and trees. But the West Lake loses, and the scenery of "flying clouds" is pleasant.

Mochou Lake and Xuanwu Lake are known as two bright pearls in Nanjing. Mochou Lake is not big. It has the feeling of being a small jasper. It complements the charm of the ancient city of Nanjing. The long lake water, the blooming Begonia in spring, the rolling green waves of lotus leaves in summer, the jumping Koi and the thick shade all make people feel soft and cool. "Mochou misty rain" in summer is known as "forty eight scenes of Jinling - Happy Mochou".

Mochou Lake

synonym

Mochou Lake Park generally refers to Mochou Lake (Nanjing Mochou Lake)

Mochou Lake is located on the west side of Qinhuai River outside Jianye District of Nanjing City, with a total area of 0.511 square kilometers, of which the lake area is 0.323 square kilometers and the land area is 0.187 square kilometers. It is the second largest lake in the main urban area of Nanjing after Xuanwu Lake, and has the reputation of "the first scenic spot of Jinling".

During the Six Dynasties, the South Bank of the Yangtze River moved northward and Mochou Lake formed. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, it was called Hengtang because it was close to Shicheng, also known as Shicheng lake. In the early Ming Dynasty, more than ten buildings were built along the Bank of Mochou Lake; in the middle of Ming Dynasty, Mochou Lake was a descendant of Xu Da, a Duke of Wei, and became one of the famous gardens in Jinling. In 1793, Mochou Lake was renovated on a large scale, and more than ten buildings such as "yujintang" were built along the lake. During the Xianfeng Period, buildings and flowers and trees were destroyed in the war. In 1871, Mochou Lake was rebuilt, and the lake scenery was gradually restored. In 1929, Mochou Lake was turned into a park.

Mochou Lake is a shallow lake, which is formed by the low-lying water in the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River and Qinhuai River. It was originally the channel of Qinhuai River Estuary, and was formed by sediment deposition. The lake is 680 meters long from north to south, 770 meters wide from east to west, and 4 meters high in elevation. It is mainly used for scenic waters and non direct contact recreational water, and has no storage capacity.

Mochou Lake scenic area has the former residence of Mochou women, yujintang, Suhexiang, Shengqi building, Huayan Temple, Mochou water courtyard, Qiwen hall, Tomb of Guangdong soldiers, Baoyue building, Haitang boutique garden, Sino Japanese Friendship iris garden and other major landscapes.

In December 2019, Nanjing Mochou Lake Park was rated as a national AAAA tourist attraction.

Historical evolution

During the Six Dynasties, the Yangtze River flowed along the west side of the southern capital and joined with the Qinhuai River under the stone city. Mochou Lake was a part of the Yangtze River. Later, the Yangtze River moved northward, leaving a large area of siltation and a series of swamps, ponds and lakes, among which Mochou Lake was the largest.

In the Southern Tang Dynasty, it was called Hengtang. Because it was close to Shicheng, it was also called Shicheng lake.

"Taiping Huanyu Ji" records in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Mochou Lake is outside the three mountains. Once upon a time, there was a prostitute Lu Mochou's home, so it's named

Before the Southern Song Dynasty, the location of Mochou Lake was the Egret Island in the Yangtze River.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Mochou Lake was developed and constructed on a large scale, and more than ten buildings were built along the lake. It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, played chess with Xu Da, the founder of the country, at the Shengqi building. He called it "Tangmu city" and granted it to Xu Da.

In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Mochou Lake was a descendant of Xu Da, a Duke of Wei state. The park is surrounded by lakes and mountains. It has a great view. There are pavilions and pavilions such as "simietang" and "Shengqi Pavilion", which makes it one of the famous gardens in Jinling. Wang Shizhen praised it as "the first resort of the old capital". Zhu Zhifan, the number one scholar, listed Mochou Lake as "the first scenic spot of Jinling" in his "forty scenes of Jinling". After the death of Ming Dynasty, Mochou Lake once declined, the pavilions collapsed, and the pavilions collapsed.

In 1793, Li Yaodong, the magistrate of Jiangning, donated money to rebuild yujintang and Suhexiang, and built huxinting. Among the buildings and beside the marshes, there are many flowers and willows, and the lake is prosperous again. The "Mochou misty rain" is ranked as the first of the "48 scenic spots of Jinling". Zheng Banqiao praised its scenery: "the willows of the lake are like smoke, the clouds of the lake are like dreams, and the waves of the lake are thicker than wine.".

In 1856, the buildings, flowers and trees of Mochou Lake were destroyed by war.

In 1871, Zeng Guofan, governor of Zhili, restored Huxin Pavilion, Shengqi building, yujintang, lotus appreciation Pavilion, Guanghua Pavilion, and planted willows, lotus and lotus, which became another landscape of Mochou Lake.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), after the successful Northern Expedition, in memory of the dead soldiers, the remains of 61 soldiers were transported back to Nanjing and buried in the South Bank of Mochou Lake.

In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), according to Han Guojun, the governor appropriated money to repair the building, and built a pavilion in the southwest corner of the lake, with a small pool and a Maoyin spring. The scenery is especially good.

On December 14, 1928, the park management office of Nanjing special municipal government took over Mochou Lake and turned it into a park, which was rebuilt in 1932.

In 1951, the people's Government of Nanjing listed Mochou Lake as "the first District People's Park".

In 1972, Mochou Lake Park was designated as an open unit.

On August 1, 2019, Mochou Lake, which has been closed for nearly a year, will be reopened.

geographical environment

Location context

Mochou Lake is located on the west side of Qinhuai River outside Jianye District of Nanjing City, with a slightly triangular shape and a perimeter of 5 kilometers. The total area of the scenic spot is 0.511 square kilometers, of which the lake area is 0.323 square kilometers and the land area is 0.187 square kilometers. It is the second largest lake in the main urban area of Nanjing after Xuanwu Lake.

Geology and geomorphology

Mochou Lake is located in the alluvial plain formed by the Yangtze River and Qinhuai River with low terrain. It faces the Yangtze River in the north and Qinhuai River in the East. Mochou Lake is a low-lying lake, which is formed by accumulated water in the low-lying areas of the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River and Qinhuai River. The alluvial plain was formed not long ago. According to historical records, before the Three Kingdoms and the Soochow period, there were still several small sandbanks on the surface of the Yangtze River. At that time, the riverbed of the Yangtze River was close to the Nanjing city wall at the present mouth. Later, the river flowed out, and the Qinhuai River also extended northward, and the alluvial plain gradually expanded outward. Due to the low terrain and high groundwater level, lakes are formed in low-lying areas.

hydrographic features

Mochou Lake is a shallow lake, about 680 meters long from north to South and 770 meters wide from east to west. The elevation of the lake is 4 meters. There are two rainwater outlets in the northeast corner of the lake. The annual rainfall of Mochou Lake is about 785400 cubic meters, the annual evaporation of the lake is about 475600 cubic meters, and the annual drainage of Mochou Lake in 2015 and 2016 is about 329800 cubic meters and 398900 cubic meters respectively. The main function of Mochou Lake is landscape water area and non direct contact entertainment water, which has no storage capacity.

Climatic characteristics

Mochou Lake belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, which is characterized by four distinct seasons, hot summer and cold winter, short duration in spring and autumn, concentrated rainfall, changeable spring humidity, crisp autumn, significant plum rain and concentrated summer rain.

The annual average temperature of Mochou Lake is 15 ℃, the hottest in July and August, and the highest temperature in July and August is about 32-38 ℃, with the coldest in January. The average minimum temperature in January is - 1.5 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 43 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 14 ℃, the maximum frozen soil depth is 9-10 cm, and the frost free period is about 230 days. The annual sunshine is about 1989.2 hours. The annual average precipitation is 1124 mm, with 124.2 days of precipitation days. The rainy season is from June to August, accounting for more than 50% of the annual rainfall. From late June to mid July, the relative humidity is the highest (76-81%), and there are more cloudy and rainy days. This is the Meiyu season in the south of the Yangtze River.

The main wind direction of Mochou Lake is northeast wind all the year round. The main wind direction is northeast wind in winter half year (October March). The wind speed and frequency are mainly northeast wind. In winter, the air pressure is high (1040-1060 MB), the relative humidity is 73-75%, the absolute humidity is 5-10%, and the average wind speed is 1.63-2.38 M / S. in summer half year (April September), the main wind direction, wind speed and frequency are southeast wind In summer, the air pressure is low (1011-1025 MB), the relative humidity is 75-80%, the absolute humidity is 17.5-30%, and the average wind speed is 2.1-2.7 M / s.

natural resources

Animal resources

Mochou Lake has a variety of national first and second level protected animals, such as Chinese merganser, white crane, Little Swan, grey crane, red bellied pheasant, otter, tiger frog, etc.; there are nearly 80 kinds of insects, including 8 kinds of second and third level national protected insects, such as rhinoceros furcifera, Trionyx tianbiensis, Chinese Olympic spade beetle, ebony white silkworm moth, etc., and 70 kinds of fish.

plant resources

Mochou Lake has more than 100 kinds of wild plants, including water fern, lotus, wild water chestnut, ginkgo, metasequoia, camphor, Toona sinensis, Camptotheca acuminata

Chinese PinYin : Mo Chou Hu Gong Yuan