Fushun Confucian Temple

Fushun Confucian temple was built in the second year of Tianhe reign of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty (567-960). In the third year of Jingyou reign of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (1036), the imperial court sent Zhou Yanjun, a famous Taichang doctoral scholar, to Fushun to serve as the Zhijian. Nuli promoted education, set up schools and cultivated scholars. In his sixth year of office, that is, the second year of Qingli (1042), the first Jinshi, Li Mian, was finally born in Fushun County. Under the advocation of Zhou Yanjun, people raised funds to build a Confucian temple in the South Gate of the County Center in the fourth year of Qingli (1044), which was called "Wenxuan Temple" at that time. In addition, a stone "wild goose pagoda stele" was erected in the temple to engrave the names of all previous test takers in the county. Since then, all previous Fushun Zhijian were enthusiastic about the cause of education. They were pro Confucianism professors. They often came to the temple to give lectures for the students after they were in politics, so the style of writing was very popular. In Song Dynasty, there were as many as 67 Jinshi who engraved names on Yanta. In Yuan Dynasty, Confucian temple was renamed "Xiansheng Temple". In 1311, Ren Xianzhong, governor of Fushun Prefecture, established halberd gate, installed ritual vessels, and repaired Dacheng hall, which was the fence of two verandas. During the reign of emperor Yingzong, King Zuo of the county built the imperial tablet Pavilion as soon as possible. Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, pacified the country and ordered the world to set up educational institutions, and changed the Xiansheng temple into "Xianshi Temple". In the sixth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1373), Zhong Xuan, the county magistrate, reorganized the temples, built schools and built stone pools. After 8 times of repair and small additional construction. It was called "Confucian Temple" in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. Since then, the style of writing has flourished, education has developed, and the number of successful candidates has increased year by year. In the Ming Dynasty, 139 people went to Beijing for the examination, accounting for one thirteenth of the total number of Jinshi in Sichuan Province. As a result, they won the reputation of "a talented man in Xishu" and "a talented man in Neijiang in Fushun".

Confucious'Temple

synonym

Fushun Confucian temple generally refers to Confucian Temple (Confucian temple in Fushun County, Sichuan Province)

Fushun Confucian temple, located in the center of Fushun County, Zigong City, Sichuan Province, is a well preserved, large-scale and exquisite Song Dynasty building in China. Among all the Confucian temples in Sichuan Province, Fushun Confucian temple is unique for its architectural scale, well preserved and unique architectural and carving art.

Brief introduction of Confucian Temple

Fushun Confucian temple faces south with Shengui mountain on its back and faces Tuojiang River. It not only conforms to the principles of ancient geomantic omen, but also has imperial style. Different from the vast majority of Confucian temples built on flat ground, Fushun Confucian temple, from jingyiting to Shuren palace wall, is built along the hillside in turn, with a width of 46 meters and a depth of 160 meters, covering an area of more than 10 mu.

The earliest preserved building in Fushun Confucian temple is the stone tablet of Confucius' Yin carved statue in Jingyi Pavilion. According to the records of Fushun county annals, the statue was painted by Wu Daozi, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, and was carved in the 15th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1145 AD).

Layout structure

The structure of Fushun Confucian temple is similar to that of most Confucian temples in China. It is built in imitation of the model of Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province. That is to say, it enters through the "Li gate", "Yi Road" around the "Shuren palace wall" or the "Holy Land" and "Xian pass" on both sides. The first thing to see is "panchi", which is a stone square building "Lingxing gate" crossing the "Zhuangyuan bridge" lying on panchi. It enters the first courtyard of the complex through the Lingxing gate, and the front is "Dacheng gate"; from Dacheng gate to the inside, it is the second courtyard of the complex, and the front is the main hall of the whole complex, "Dacheng hall", in front of which there is a memorial ceremony for Confucius Moving platform; around Dacheng hall, enter the third courtyard, the front is "Chongsheng Temple", and then go inside is the last building "Jingyi Pavilion". The whole complex embodies profound Confucianism, such as panchi, Zhuangyuan bridge and Lingxing gate. Panchi is the meaning of school, which means that if you enter the gate of Confucius, you will enter the gate of studying and seeking officials. If you are lucky enough to win the honor of toad palace, you can pass through the bridge of number one scholar. It means that Confucius is a man of letters coming down to earth. He entered Confucius' gate only after passing through the gate. The Zhuangyuan bridge of Fushun Confucian temple is a hollow stone arch bridge in Jiulong, which is more distinctive than the slab bridge of many Confucian temples. The Lingxing gate is composed of 12 skyrocketing stone columns, with the highest stone column reaching 12.8 meters, which is 10.34 meters higher than the Lingxing gate of Qufu Confucian temple.

The Jiulong Danbi in front of the Dacheng hall is a three-layer hollow stone carving of Jiulong, which can be a representative of the stone carving of Fushun Confucian temple.

Historical evolution

Fushun Confucian temple was built in the second year of Tianhe reign of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty (567-960).

In the third year of Jingyou reign of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (1036), the imperial court sent Zhou Yanjun, a famous Taichang doctoral scholar, to Fushun to serve as the Zhijian. Nuli promoted education, set up schools and cultivated scholars. In his sixth year of office, that is, the second year of Qingli (1042), the first Jinshi, Li Mian, was finally born in Fushun County.

Under the advocation of Zhou Yanjun, people raised funds to build a Confucian temple in the South Gate of the County Center in the fourth year of Qingli (1044), which was called "Wenxuan net Temple" when it was mainly for Confucius. In addition, a stone "Yanta stele" was set up in the temple to engrave the names of all previous pilot workers in the county.

Since then, all previous Fushun Zhijian were enthusiastic about the cause of education. They were pro Confucianism professors. They often came to the temple to give lectures for the students after they were in politics, so the style of writing was very popular. In Song Dynasty, there were as many as 67 Jinshi who engraved names on Yanta. In Yuan Dynasty, Confucian temple was renamed "Xiansheng Temple". In 1311, Ren Xianzhong, governor of Fushun Prefecture, established halberd gate, installed ritual vessels, and repaired Dacheng hall, which was the fence of two verandas. During the reign of emperor Yingzong, King Zuo of the county built the imperial tablet Pavilion as soon as possible.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, calmed down the mountains and rivers, ordered the world to set up educational institutions, and changed the Xiansheng temple into "Xianshi Temple". In the sixth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1373), Zhong Xuan, the county magistrate, reorganized the temples, built schools and built stone pools. After 8 times of repair and small additional construction. It was called "Confucian Temple" in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty.

Since then, the style of writing has flourished, education has developed, and the number of successful candidates has increased year by year. In the Ming Dynasty, 139 people went to Beijing for the examination, accounting for one thirteenth of the total number of Jinshi in Sichuan Province. Therefore, they won the reputation of "a talented man in Xishu" and "a talented man in Neijiang in Fushun".

Many repairs

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the Confucian temple was in disrepair and dilapidated for 25 years. In 1682, Qian Shaolong, the first magistrate of Fushun after the overthrow of San Francisco, renovated the Confucian temple, built Dacheng hall and Minglun hall, and restored the sacrifice and school. In 1764, Xiong kuixiang, the magistrate of Qianlong County, raised funds to build the outer wall of the Confucian temple, rebuild the two verandas, and build the sun and moon altar. In the middle of Daoguang period, although the Confucian temple had been repaired many times, it was a minor repair. Its dilapidated state was not commensurate with Fushun County, which was famous for its talented scholars. From the establishment of the Qing Dynasty to the middle period of Daoguang, there were only 11 Jinshi in Fushun.

In the 16th year of Daoguang (1836), Deng renkun, the magistrate of Fushun County, decided to rebuild the Confucian temple and discussed with Xiao Yongsheng, the first rich man in Fushun County at that time. Xiao Yongsheng immediately said: in order to keep Fushun's "wenwenfengshui", he is willing to do his duty as a Confucian scholar and shoulder the responsibility of rebuilding the Confucian temple alone. So they hired craftsmen to demolish the Confucian temple immediately, and sent special personnel to Qufu County, Shandong Province. Through Zhang Zhen, a Jinshi of Fushun, who was the magistrate of the county, they got back the regulatory drawings of the Confucian temple. It took four years to build the glazed tiles from Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province in 1840. From Chongsheng temple, Dacheng hall, platform, two verandas, halberd gate, dressing and sacrificial place, down to Lingxing gate, Minghuan Xiangxian temple, Li gate, Yilu, panchi, Qiaolan, palace wall, waixian pass and Shengyu gate, they are all high, broad and firm, several times higher than the old ones. It covers an area of more than 10 mu, and the building covers an area of more than 3000 square meters.

The front of the temple is a red wall with four characters of "several Ren palace walls". There are two gates on the left and right, which are called "holy land" and "xianguan", and can not be opened without sacrificial rites. The entrance is panchi, on which three bridges are built; the middle is Jiulong bridge, which is not accessible, and the left and right temporary bridges are sacrificial passageways. There are two gates on the left and right of the pool, which are called "Li gate" and "Yi Road". They are the gates for entering and leaving the pool on weekdays. There are stone steles of "civil servants get off the sedan chair" and "military officers get off the horse" respectively. At the back of the pool is the stone square "Lingxing gate", which has three holes, 22.4 meters wide and 12.65 meters high. The second level is "Minglun hall" - halberd gate, left and right is "dressing and sacrificial place". Behind the halberd gate is a square, behind the hall is "sun and moon altar". In the middle is carved relief of Jiulong, and there are stone ladders on the left and right. Behind the platform is the main building of the Confucian temple, "Dacheng hall", which is 35 meters high. It is a typical Dougong structure in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has painted eaves. It is exquisite and beautiful. The dragon's head is raised and it is eager to fly. It is made of glass and jade. It is magnificent, dignified and antique.

There is a courtyard at the back of the hall called "Pan Gong" (Pan Gong Dan GUI is one of the eight scenic spots in Fushun). After that, there are "Chongsheng Temple" and "Longchi" and "Fengxue" on the left and right. The spring is always full and the drought is not dry. The stone inscriptions of "dragon pool" and "Phoenix cave" were engraved on the walls during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, which are rare in modern times. The raised building on the ridge of Chongsheng hall is Confucius' dormitory. The palace is small, with only three couplets for wood carving of "Kongzi Shrine" (stone carving before Song Dynasty). The statue of Confucius was painted by Wu Daozi in Tang Dynasty and was extended back from Qufu. On the left and right veranda, he successively worked as a student's school house, a county education department and a famous official's ancestral hall.

In the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), Zhang Shifang, a native of the county, changed the two school fields donated by his ancestors to the fields for the maintenance of the Confucian temple. Guangxu 33 years (1907), the imperial edict was born Confucius great sacrifice. So he changed his mind

Chinese PinYin : Fu Shun Wen Miao