Majia courtyard

The Majia courtyard was built in the Republic of China. It was originally a five entrance courtyard, but now a three entrance courtyard. The total length of the courtyard is 70.5 meters from north to south, and the total width of the courtyard is 13.65 meters from east to west. In 1982, it was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit in Zhengding County. At present, the former two courtyards are occupied by the county library, and the backyard is the public delivery room.

Majia courtyard

The Majia courtyard was built in the Republic of China. The existing Sanjin courtyard is 70.5 meters long from north to South and 13.65 meters wide from east to west. The architectural form of Sanjin courtyard is basically the same. It is a hard top with gray tiles. The main room is three rooms wide, the two sides are three rooms, and the depth is two rooms. It is basically well preserved. In 1982, it was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit in Zhengding County. At present, the former two courtyards are occupied by the county library, and the backyard is the public delivery room.

It was torn down

In the afternoon sunshine, the Majia courtyard looks simple and solemn: four connected two-story wooden buildings, carved wooden lattice doors and windows, imprinted bluestone patio, poetry couplets. These constitute the unique historical and cultural atmosphere of the Majia compound. The owner (property right) of Majia compound is Yunnan Jinsha real estate company, whose external "reputation" is "Jinlan tea garden", which is also operated by the company. The reporter saw here that 44 rooms upstairs and downstairs were equipped with private rooms and tea rooms, and many rooms were equipped with calligraphy and painting works. Shen Xiaohu, the manager of "Jinlan tea garden", describes the past and present Majia courtyard from the perspective of operators: 1994 is a new period for the demolition of old buildings in Kunming. At that time, Jinsha real estate company thought that the Majia compound was located in the downtown area and was a treasure land with great development value, so it decided to buy the Majia compound. In 1995, Jinsha company bought out the property right of the Majia compound from its descendants. At this time, the survival of the Majia compound is facing a very important crisis: Jinsha company, according to the original idea of purchasing Majia compound, applied to the relevant departments of Kunming City and asked to demolish Majia compound and build a building at the original site. Fortunately, the report was not approved in the end. Manager Shen said: it can't be demolished. As a real estate enterprise, it can't be left idle. After a lot of repair work, Jinsha company opened "Jinlan tea garden" in October 1998. Speaking of these, manager Shen also has some helplessness. He said that they also know that the compound is extraordinary and has special value, but the enterprise is not a cultural relic management unit. At present, there is no way to open the tea garden. The current attitude is to protect it as much as possible while operating the "Jinlan tea garden" and not to make any changes to its structure.

Scenic spot description

The Majia courtyard in the center of Zhengding County is a well preserved typical courtyard style residence. It was built in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It was originally composed of five entrance courtyard, but now there are only three courtyards in the middle. Its architectural layout is rigorous, the workmanship is exquisite, and it has the characteristics of Shanxi residential buildings in structure and modeling, which has a certain reference value for the research of northern residential buildings.

Among the many ancient buildings preserved in Zhengding, a famous historical and cultural city of China, in addition to the famous religious buildings, Confucian buildings and former residences of celebrities, there is a well preserved typical quadrangle house, which is the Majia courtyard in the center of Zhengding County (photo 1).

After a visit to Ma Zhihui, the 17th generation of the Ma family, we learned that according to the records of the Ma family tree (which was lost in the Cultural Revolution), Zhengding Ma was a descendant of Ma Yuan, a famous general in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, he moved to Zhending Prefecture (now Zhengding) from Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, and worked as a farmer and businessman for generations. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, he was a rich family. Ma lived in the area of the fourth memorial archway in the center of Zhengding city in the past dynasties. After Wenkui, the 12th emperor, Ma was divided into three courtyards: the 13th emperor Tingyi was the South courthouse, the 13th emperor Tingchen was the North courthouse, and the 13th emperor Tingzhu was the West courthouse. Ma Zhaolin, a descendant of the 15th generation of Ma, was named "Wu Xiucai" for his hobby of practicing martial arts. He inherited the property of his father's generation and purchased a lot of land and houses, which were concentrated in the East and south sides of the most prosperous big cross street in Zhengding city.

Zhengding city is an important business town in history. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a business district centered on Dashizi street was built. The shops on the street are all brick and wood structures, which are full open type bungalows or tile roofed houses with plate doors. The front porch is out of the corridor, and under the porch is a high column foundation with drum mirrors. All the shops are connected, forming a long corridor on both sides of the street. In 1933, when Mr. Liang Sicheng came to Zhengding to inspect the ancient architecture, he also paid attention to it. Behind these shops are several courtyard houses with the same width as the stores, many of which were preserved until the 1960s. However, with the development of urban construction, most of these buildings with the characteristics of Zhengding have been demolished and rebuilt. The only existing relatively complete one is the Majia courtyard built by Ma Zhaolin in the north of the road, which was built in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. In 1982, it was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit at the county level.

form

The Majia courtyard was originally composed of five courtyard. There are five inverted seats in the front yard, one in the East is the gate, and the other in the west is the wing. In the second courtyard, there are five main rooms, three East and three West rooms, and two side doors connecting with the backyard. There are five main rooms in the third entrance, three East and three West rooms, and one second floor in the West. In the fourth entrance, there are five main rooms, three East and three West rooms, and one west school in the West. The main room of the fifth entrance is the warehouse, the west wing is the garage, and the east side is the toilet.

At present, the former and the latter two chambers no longer exist. The existing courtyard with three entrances in the middle has a single eaves, hard Hill style, grey tile roof, which is arranged in depth from north to south, with a total length of 70.5 meters and a width of 13.65 meters in the East and West. The main room of the first courtyard faces south, with five rooms wide, 13.5 meters wide and three rooms deep, 8.8 meters deep. The beam frame structure is six purlin front corridor type. Only a narrow base plate is applied under the purlin of ridge, gold and corridor. The base plate of eaves purlin is divided into upper and lower sections. The upper part is a full-length base plate, and the lower part is supported by lotus leaf pier. The practice of holding head beam is relatively rare. There are different forms of stone at the top of the column, and the corridor is covered with lotus. The main room is decorated with six doors, four of which are placed in the eaves, and the eaves of the two rooms are all supported windows.

From the East, you can get to the second entrance. The second courtyard is clean and elegant. The main room is five rooms wide, with a width of 13.44 meters and a depth of 6.53 meters. The beam structure is six purlin front corridor type, which is the same as the first entrance. The beam ends of the two mountains are complete. The beam ends of the Ming Dynasty and the second period are in an irregular hexagon. There was a brick shrine in the middle of the wall. The decoration adopts six plasters in the open room, four square lattice doors and square lattice windows in the secondary room. There are two types of stone on the top of the column under the eaves: round drum type and lotus leaf pier type. The lotus leaf pier is exquisitely carved, the leaf edge is rolled up, and the leaf vein is protruding. It is a realistic folk craft. It is more complicated to make the top stone of eight columns in front and back eaves columns. Generally, the top stones of temples and dwellings are basin type, drum mirror type or round drum type, and the complex ones are carved with lotus on the back. The top stones of Majia courtyard are divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is ordinary round drum shape, and the lower part is octagonal shape. The round drum is a common relief, while the octagonal pedestal is surrounded by more complex carvings, with the contents of "bogutou" and "eight treasures of Buddha" (Fig. 2). The composition of "bogutou" is balanced and elegant, with rich flavor of life. "Eight treasures of Buddha", also known as "eight auspicious", is a religious design. Because there are many folk believers, some houses also use this kind of decoration, but it is rare in the existing ancient houses. The carving lines of this stone are smooth, the texture is strong, the workmanship is fine, and the decorative content is rich and solid. It is rare that the contents of "eight treasures of Buddha" and "Bo Gu Tu" can be vividly displayed in the lower half of such a small stone. These extraordinary decorative shapes add artistic charm to ordinary residential building components.

The third main room is located in the north and south, with five rooms wide, 13.5 meters wide and two rooms deep, 8.8 meters deep. The beam frame is of six purlin front corridor type, and the top stone under the column is of round drum type. In the decoration of the open room, there are six doors, four of which are placed in the eaves (down to 57 pages) (up to 48 pages), and the secondary eaves are the supporting windows (now the eaves of the main house are collapsed, the doors and windows are broken, and the internal roof has been changed into a modern gray roof). The East and West chambers are 3 rooms in width, 9.86 meters in width, 2 rooms in depth and 5.1 meters in depth. The beam frame is of six purlin front porch type, the decoration of the open room is six plastered doors, four leaves are placed in the eaves, and the secondary rooms are all supported windows. Most of the roof of Dongxiang house collapsed, and the decoration of doors and windows was seriously damaged. The stone at the top of the pillars in the East and West chambers are of drum mirror type.

It is understood that Ma Zhaolin, the owner of the Majia courtyard, invited workers from Wutai County of Shanxi Province to design and construct it, so it has the characteristics of Shanxi folk houses in structure and modeling. The existing Majia courtyard is not large in scale, but it has strict layout and exquisite workmanship. As the only typical quadrangle dwelling in Zhengding City, it not only occupies a place in the development sequence of Zhengding ancient city architecture, which has the reputation of "Museum of ancient architecture", but also has certain reference value for the study of northern residential architecture.

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Address: Zhengding County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province

Longitude: 114.563363

Latitude: 38.15312

Tel: 0311-88010577

Ticket information: 4 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Ma Jia Da Yuan