Qing Xiling

The West Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is a hilly land, surrounded by overlapping mountains, dense trees and forests, with excellent scenery. In the East, there is the old site of Yanxia capital more than 2300 years ago. In the west, there is the magnificent Zijingguan pass. In the north, there is the towering Yongning mountain. Now it reaches the surging Yishui river. The Western Tomb of Qing Dynasty is one of the two mausoleums of the emperors of Qing Dynasty. It is located at the foot of Yongning mountain, 15 kilometers west of Yi County, Hebei Province, and more than 120 kilometers away from Beijing. The perimeter is about 100 kilometers, covering an area of more than 800 square kilometers. It is surrounded by the emerald Yongning mountain in the north and the meandering Yishui River in the south, with towering ancient trees and magnificent scenery. Yongzheng eight years (AD 1730) selected this site for the mausoleum. Yongzheng's mausoleum was originally located in Chaoyang mountain, Jiufeng mausoleum in the east of the Qing Dynasty, but he thought that "although the scale is large, the shape is incomplete, and the soil in the cave is filled with sand and stone, so it is not usable." so he abandoned the original site and ordered to find another land for ten thousand years. ". Those who chose the site of the mausoleum said that at the foot of Yongning mountain in Yixian County is "a place where heaven and earth gather and where Yin and Yang meet. There is no beauty in the sand and water of the Dragon Cave. The situation is rational, and all good things are ready. " Emperor Yongzheng was very happy after reading the music. He also thought that "the water law of mountains and rivers is well-organized, and it is a land of good fortune.". Since then, the Qing emperors have been buried in the eastern and Western tombs of Zunhua and Yi county. The first building of the Western mausoleum was the Tai mausoleum in 1730 A.D. and the Chongling mausoleum in 1915 A.D. after 186 years, it has built 4 Imperial Mausoleums, 3 rear mausoleums, 7 gardens and dormitories for princes, princesses and concubines, burying 80 people including four emperors, nine queens, 56 concubines, princesses and princesses of Yongzheng, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Guangxu. With a construction area of more than 50000 square meters, there are more than 1000 palaces and more than 100 stone sculptures and buildings, forming a grand and magnificent ancient architectural complex. The Western Qing mausoleum is a national key cultural relic protection unit. In November 2000, the Western Qing mausoleum and the Eastern Qing mausoleum were listed as world cultural heritage by the 24th World Heritage Committee. There are a large-scale and complete system of ancient buildings in the West Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty, which is a scenic spot with elegant environment. In the mausoleum area with a radius of 200 Li and an area of 800 square kilometers, there is the largest artificial ancient pine forest in North China. Since the establishment of the mausoleum, the Qing Dynasty has planted tens of thousands of pine trees at the foot of Yongning mountain, on the Bank of Yishui River, inside and outside the mausoleum. Now there are 15000 ancient pines, more than 200000 young pines and cypresses. The mausoleum area is lush with pines and cypresses and beautiful mountains and waters. The 14 mausoleums are hidden in the pine forest, just like a gorgeous landscape painting. In the mausoleum area, there are more than 1000 palaces and more than 100 ancient buildings and sculptures. Each mausoleum strictly follows the imperial mausoleum building system of the Qing Dynasty. The mausoleum of the emperor, the mausoleum of the queen and the mausoleum of the prince are covered with yellow glazed tiles, while the mausoleum of the imperial concubine, the princess and the elder brother are covered with green glazed tiles. These different architectural forms show different landscapes and styles. There are four Imperial Mausoleums in the west of Qing Dynasty: tailing mausoleum, Changling mausoleum, Chongling mausoleum; three rear mausoleums: Taidong mausoleum, Changxi mausoleum, Mudong mausoleum; and three Imperial Mausoleums. In addition, there are 14 mausoleums, including Huai Wang mausoleum, Princess mausoleum, a Ge mausoleum and Wang Ye mausoleum. There are 4 emperors, 9 queens, 56 concubines, 76 princesses and princesses buried. There are nearly 200 Li around the Xiling. There are red, green and white boundary pillars on the periphery, with a distance of 10 Li between each layer. Besides the boundary pillars, there are official mountains, which are not allowed for the common people to set foot in. In order to strengthen the management of the mausoleum, a set of institutions has been set up. The West mausoleum covers an area of more than 50000 square meters, with more than 1000 palaces and more than 100 stone buildings and carvings, forming a large-scale and magnificent building complex. Many buildings have color paintings and sculptures. In the mausoleum area, most of the palaces are painted with spiral colors, most of the temples and archways are painted with Hexi colors, and most of the palaces and residences are painted with Su style colors. Among the mausoleum area's sculptures, the most are dragon and Phoenix. The whole architectural complex reflects the high level of the development of ancient architectural art in China and the fine tradition of national style, fully embodies the outstanding wisdom and creative ability of the working people in China, and is an extremely precious cultural treasure of the motherland. Xiling mausoleum area is full of rich garden atmosphere, with ancient pines towering and evergreen all the year round. In the green ocean, the golden glazed tile palace emerges. In spring and summer, the shady Songtao Island language, flowing water and picturesque Ji Li make it a summer resort. The cemetery building of Xiling is more than 50000 square meters, with more than 1000 temples and 100 stone buildings and stone carvings

Qing Xiling

The Western Royal Tombs of the Qing Dynasty is located at the foot of Yongning mountain, 15km west of lianggezhuang, Yi County, Baoding City, Hebei Province,

More than 98 kilometers from Beijing

. The Western Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is the site of the mausoleums of the four emperors since Yongzheng. It was built in 1730 and completed in 1915, 185 years ago. It is an ancient royal mausoleum group with the largest scale, the most complete preservation and the most complete types of mausoleum buildings.

There are 14 tombs in the west of Qing Dynasty, including Tai mausoleum in Yongzheng, Chang mausoleum in Jiaqing, Mu mausoleum in Daoguang, Chong mausoleum in Guangxu, and three rear mausoleums. In addition, there are 14 mausoleums, including huaiwang mausoleum, Gongzhuling mausoleum, agoling mausoleum and wangyeling mausoleum. Its architectural form reflects the feudal rules and regulations. The imperial mausoleum and the rear mausoleum are covered with yellow glazed tiles, while the imperial concubines, princesses and princes' dormitories are covered with green glazed tiles or grey cloth tiles.

The West Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty covers an area of more than 800 square kilometers

With a construction area of more than 50000 square meters, there are more than 1000 palaces and more than 100 stone sculptures and stone buildings.

The Western Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is basically built in accordance with the architectural style of the mausoleum of the emperors and empresses of the Ming Dynasty. It is based on the practice of honest officials, strictly abides by the strict hierarchy system, and does not adhere to the canon system, so it has strong creativity.

There are many colored paintings and carvings in the West Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty. In palaces, there are many colored paintings of twists and turns. In temples, there are many colored paintings of Hexi. In palaces and residences, there are many colored paintings of Su style. The whole architectural complex reflects the superb level and national style of architectural art in Qing Dynasty.

In 1961, the Western Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty was listed in the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council,

In November 2000, the Western Tomb of the Qing Dynasty was listed as a world cultural heritage and World Heritage list by the 24th World Heritage Committee. In January 2001, it was rated as one of the first national AAAA scenic spots. On December 31, 2019, the Ministry of culture and tourism designated the Qing Xiling as a national 5A scenic spot.

Historical evolution

Heyday of construction

The Western Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty was built in 1730. In 1730, Emperor Yongzheng chose it as the site of the mausoleum. The site of Yongzheng's mausoleum was originally chosen in Chaoyang mountain, Jiufeng mausoleum in the east of Qing Dynasty, but he thought that "although the scale is large, the shape is not complete, and the soil in the cave is with sand and stone, which is not available." so he abandoned the original site and ordered to choose another "ten thousand year auspicious land". Those who chose the site of the mausoleum said that at the foot of Yongning mountain in Yixian County is "a place where heaven and earth gather and where Yin and Yang meet. There is no beauty in the sand and water of the Dragon Cave. The situation is rational, and all good things are ready. " Emperor Yongzheng was very happy after reading the music. He also thought that "the mountains and waters are well-organized, and they are the land of good fortune.". Since then, the Qing emperors have been buried in the eastern and Western tombs of Zunhua and Yi county.

In 1739, Emperor Qianlong chose this site for his son Yonglian (crown prince Duanhui), but later abandoned it.

In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), after emperor Jiaqing ascended the throne, according to the order of Emperor Qianlong, he built Mausoleums in the eastern and Western mausoleums. According to the mausoleum site selected by Emperor Qianlong, the construction began in the year of his accession to the throne, and was completed in the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803).

This is the second emperor's Mausoleum built in the Western Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, the garden dormitory of emperor Jiaqing's 17 concubines was built and completed. In June 1808, Emperor Jiaqing discovered that there was a quality problem in the Changling project. Due to the heavy rain for several months, leakage occurred in several buildings. Emperor Jiaqing immediately sent someone to check. After inspection, it was found that almost all the buildings in Changling had engineering quality problems. Jiaqingdi was followed by a two-year overhaul.

Decline period

From 1832 to 1836, Emperor Daoguang built the mausoleum. The mausoleum was built under the leadership of Mu zhang'a, a minister who was very popular for a time. In the site selection, Mu mausoleum chose longquanyu, the place of Gaoping, to learn from the water seepage of baohuayu mausoleum in Dongling mausoleum.

Emperor Xianfeng originally chose Jinlongyu and longquanyu in the Western Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, but later chose longquanyu in the eastern mausoleum. Empress Dowager Cixi chose Jinlongyu in the west of Qing Dynasty and shuangshanyu in the east of Qing Dynasty to choose the mausoleum for emperor Tongzhi. But later, Empress Dowager Cixi destroyed the Zhaomu system established by Emperor Qianlong and chose shuangshanyu in the east of Qing Dynasty as the mausoleum for emperor Tongzhi.

Chongling Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty was built in 1909 and completed in 1915. In 1938, Chongling underground palace was stolen.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

After the founding of the people's Republic of China and the establishment of the Xiling cultural relics storage center in 1954, the principle of "not changing the original state" (i.e. making the best efforts to preserve the authenticity of cultural relics) was strictly observed in the daily maintenance and protection. Based on the authentic documents and Archives, the design, materials, technology, layout and other aspects of Xiling cultural relics storage center maintained the historical authenticity, without adding a building Building, large wooden structure, regulation, even the door, window pane, etc. are kept in the original state, and become a place to repair and visit the mausoleum of Qing Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Qing Xi Ling