Baoding ancient lotus pond

It is a classical garden with the remarkable characteristics of building pavilions around water and the beauty of Chinese north and south gardens. With a total area of 24000 square meters, the pool covers an area of more than 7900 square meters. In midsummer, the pool is full of lotus, so it is called lotus pool. The ancient lotus pond is a national cultural relic protection unit and one of the top ten famous gardens in China. The main buildings in the garden are Shuidong building, zaoyong hall, Junzi Changsheng hall, Xiangqin Pavilion, gaofenxuan, Hanlv Pavilion, Linyi Pavilion and Guanlan Pavilion. The beautiful Wanhong bridge, quqiao bridge and Baiyu bridge built in the Yuan Dynasty, which are staggered between rockery and stone, forest and lotus pond, constitute a beautiful picture with scenery and poetry in the lake. Garden layout is rigorous, orderly, elegant and chic, known as the city of Penglai and small West Lake.

Ancient lotus pond

synonym

Baoding ancient lotus pond generally refers to the ancient lotus pond

The ancient lotus pond, formerly known as xuexiangyuan, is located in the center of Baoding City, Hebei Province. It was first built in 1227,

The total area is 24000 square meters, including 7900 square meters of pool water.

The ancient lotus pond is a collection of gardens, palaces and academies,

It is a classical garden with the beauty of Chinese north and south gardens.

With the remarkable feature of building pavilions around water and taking water as victory, it is named after lotus.

In the garden, there are some ancient buildings, such as chunwupo, Zhuojin Pavilion, zhangliudong, Guanlan Pavilion, lvyeti bridge, hongzaopo, zaoyong hall, Junzi Changsheng hall, shuidonglou, etc. the beautiful Wanhong bridge, quqiao bridge and Baiyu bridge built in Yuan Dynasty, which are staggered between rockery and stone, forest and lotus pond, forming a beautiful picture of "scenery in the lake and poetry in the scenery". The scenic spots are organically combined to maintain the style of the ancient lotus pond, which is small and exquisite, and the Yibi is empty.

The garden layout is rigorous, and the mountains, water, buildings, platforms, pavilions, halls, verandahs and pavilions are scattered, which has won the reputation of "city Penglai".

On June 25, 2001, the ancient lotus pond was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

Historical evolution

In 1227, Zhang Rou, then marshal of Baozhou (now Baoding) and other capitals, led the reconstruction of Baozhou city. The actual designer of the reconstruction of Baozhou city was Mao Zhengqing, a construction engineer. It was completed before 1234, the first year of Duanping in Southern Song Dynasty.

Yimu spring and Jiju spring in the west of Baozhou city were introduced into the city. Four gardens were built at the place where water must pass: Zhongxiang garden in the west, Fangrun garden in the north, Xuexiang garden in the South and Shouchun garden in the East. Xuexiang garden is the predecessor of ancient lotus pond.

In 1236, Jiafu built a wanjuan building in the north of Xuexiang garden and collected his posthumous letters.

In the summer of 1249, Qiao Deyu, the second son of Qiao Weizhong, one of Zhang Rou's subordinates, held a banquet at Linyi Pavilion in Xuexiang garden. He invited Hao Jing to write a composition to record his success. Hao then improvised and wrote the article Linyi Pavilion synopsis, which is still popular today. This is the earliest record of the ancient lotus pond, from which we can see the general situation of the beginning of the construction of Xuexiang garden.

In the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1289), a great earthquake occurred in Baoding, which caused serious damage. But because of the depth of water, xuexiangyuanchi did not dry up, so it was preserved.

In the first year of Hongwu (1368) of the Ming Dynasty, until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was no record of the renovation of Xuexiang garden.

In 1565, Zhang Liewen, a native of Chaoxian County, Anhui Province, was appointed as the magistrate of Baoding. He paid the official fee to repair the ancient lotus pond. The lotus pond was covered with animal scales, and willows were planted around the pond. Some houses were cleared in the north of the ancient lotus pond, walls were built, and doors were opened. The "Linyi Pavilion" was rebuilt as it was on the North Bank of the ancient lotus pond. It was completed in the first year of Longqing (1567).

In 1576, Baoding magistrate Zhang Zhenxian repaired the ancient lotus pond.

In 1587, Zha Zhilong, the magistrate of Baoding, renovated and expanded the lotus pond on a large scale. They bought houses, demolished them and rebuilt them into Fushu street in the north, Chian in the South and a wide corridor for cars. At that time, from the corridor to the west is the punishment hall, and then to the west is the Linyi Pavilion. Jiaan new structure hall, pavilion, corridor, veranda, kitchen, bizhoushuilu and other garden buildings. With the completion of these projects, the ancient lotus pond has basically restored the Xiaoxiang flavor it had when it was first built, and it is listed as one of the eight scenic spots of Baoding ancient city with the title of "Lianyi Xiayan".

In 1733, a hotel was added to the ancient lotus pond.

In 1733, Li Wei, then governor of Zhili, founded Zhili academy, which was located in the ancient lotus pond. Li Wei instructed Xu detai to be responsible for building academies in the northwest of gulianhuachi because of the old. At the same time, he set aside about 0.35 hectare of land in the southeast of gulianhuachi and built a wall called "Nanyuan". In the South Garden, five halls, three tile houses and a pavilion were built to serve as other halls for students to study and discuss. The Academy was built in September of the 11th year of Yongzheng. It was named "Lianchi academy" (also known as "Zhili academy" and "Baoding academy") because of its location.

In 1745, the ancient lotus pond hotel was expanded into a palace. Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Jiaqing and Emperor Guangxu all came here to visit. Emperor Qianlong visited here six times, so the ancient lotus pond became a big one. Many of the poems of "Yushu Mingzhi" given by Qianlong and Jiaqing when they met the Duxian officials in Zhili and the poems of the king and Minister Lianchi chanting on the spot can still be seen on the steles in the garden.

After three large-scale renovations and renovations in 1710, 1733 and 1751, a large number of antiques, rare treasures, exotic treasures, famous characters and paintings, Lake boats and so on were added to the ancient lotus pond, forming twelve landscapes: chunwupo, Huanan Yanbei thatched cottage, wanjuan tower, Gaofen Pavilion, Liting, hechai and Ruizhuang jingshe , zaoyonglou, zhangliudong, Yitang, hanlvxuan and hancangting.

In 1813, the governor of Zhili, Na Yancheng, engraved on 38 square stones seven kinds of authentic works and old calligraphy, including Chu suiliang's Qian Zi Wen, Yan Zhenqing's Qian Fu Bei, Huai Su's Zi Xu tie, Mi Fu's Hong Xian Shi, Zhao Mengfu's Shu Shan Tu Ge, Dong Qichang's Yun Yin Shan Fang Ti Ji and Shu Li Bai Shi, and named them Lianchi academy FA tie To Lianchi academy is the beginning of Lianchi stele.

In 1840, after the Opium War, Emperor Daoguang ordered to abolish the Imperial Palace and change it into a hotel. In the south of the pool, Yitang was expanded to open a school field for "reviewing the skills of the five battalions".

In 1868, when the Qing government suppressed the Nien uprising, the rulers celebrated each other and acted as the governor of Zhili.

In 1894, Chen Baozhen, the governor of Zhili, paid a large sum of money to repair the ancient lotus pond for Empress Dowager Cixi's birthday, so as to make the garden "rocks, forest springs, pavilions, pavilions and pavilions take on a new look".

On October 12, 1900, the armies of Britain, France, Germany and Italy besieged Baoding. On October 15, the invading armies of the four countries plundered the precious cultural relics of the ancient lotus pond and garden, and the pavilions, platforms, buildings and pavilions were completely destroyed. According to the records of Qingyuan county annals, until the invading army withdrew in the summer of 1901, there were still fragments of bricks and tiles in the garden.

In the autumn of 1901, Yuan Shikai was appointed governor of Zhili after Li Hongzhang. He ordered Yongning Temple (now Baoding No.2 Middle School) to be rebuilt as a palace, rebuilt the ancient lotus pond as a palace imperial garden, and demolished the houses to the north of the palace to build a "royal road" (today's Ju hutong) through the lotus pond. In order to plant lotus in the pond of the palace of Yongning Temple, an underground ditch was built under the royal road to divert water from the lotus pond.

In 1902, the Zhili provincial officials changed the zaoyong building into a single-layer zaoyong hall. Only five bungalows were built in the cold green Pavilion. The Gaofen pavilion was changed into a small one. The garden buildings with high level of craftsmanship, such as Huanan Yanbei thatched cottage, wanjuan tower, Aiyong Pavilion, Kui painting tower, Ruicang jingshe, Yitang and xiadaojilang, no longer exist.

In the spring of 1903, the ancient lotus pond was destroyed and the reconstruction project was completed.

In 1905, the imperial examination was abolished in the Qing Dynasty, and Lianchi Academy was renamed "Academy of scholars" and "literature hall". In 1908, it was closed.

In 1906, the governor of Zhili ordered the ancient lotus pond to be slightly renovated and opened to the public as a "Park".

In 1908, Lu Jing was appointed as an academic envoy in Zhili. He rebuilt the ancient lotus pond into a place for reading and studying. He raised money to build a 42 room double deck library building in the old luchai area, which was open to the public. This is the earliest Library in Zhili Province.

In 1916, Cao Kun, the governor of Zhili, stationed in Baoding. After the ancient lotus pond was rebuilt by flood, the Cao brothers, under the pretext of "preserving cultural relics and making the famous area more prosperous", plundered the cultural relics, antiques, flowers, trees, lakes and stones.

In 1920, "Lianchi Park" was renamed "gulianhuachi". Xu Shichang, then president of the Republic of China, wrote "gulianhuachi"

Chinese PinYin : Bao Ding Gu Lian Hua Chi