Jiuli mountain

Located in the south of the third North Ring Road in the northwest of Xuzhou City, also known as jiuning mountain, with an altitude of 134 meters and an area of more than 100 hectares, it gets its name because it is nine Li long from east to west. Each hill in Jiuli mountain has its own image. Pipa mountain in the East has the best scenery. It's named because the shape of the mountain is similar to pipa. It is said that Jiuli mountain is the battlefield of Chu and Han Dynasty's fierce troops, and there is Baiyun cave where Xiang Yu was defeated. After that, Zhu Quanzhong and Shi Pu of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Di and Zhu Yunwen of the Ming Dynasty all fought fiercely in Jiuli mountain.

Jiuli mountain

Jiulishan, also known as jiuning mountain, is located on the south side of the North Third Ring Road in the northwest of Xuzhou City. It is 134 meters above sea level and covers an area of more than 100 hectares. It is named because it is nine Li long from east to west. From west to East, there are Xiangshan Mountain, Baofeng mountain and so on. At the foot of the mountain are Dagu Mountain, Xiaogu mountain, shagu mountain, Hushan mountain, Xiaogui mountain, Kanhua mountain, Yangjia mountain, Jiangjia mountain and Pipa mountain. Pipa mountain in the East has the best scenery. It is named because the shape of the mountain is similar to pipa. It is said that Jiuli mountain is the battlefield of Chu and Han Dynasty's fierce troops, and there is Baiyun cave where Xiang Yu was defeated. After that, Zhu Quanzhong and Shi Pu of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Di and Zhu Yunwen of the Ming Dynasty all fought fiercely in Jiuli mountain.

History and culture

Xuzhou has always been a place for military strategists. During the thousands of years of war, Jiulishan played an important role in resisting the strong enemy and defending the homeland. Most of the battles of attacking and defending Xuzhou in the past dynasties were carried out in front of Jiuli mountain. "Outlaws of the marsh" in a song: "Jiuli mountain before the battlefield, shepherd picked up old guns and knives. With the wind blowing Wujiang water, like Yu Ji do not overlord It shows the strategic role of Jiuli mountain. In 205 BC, Liu Bang joined forces with 560000 troops from Han, Wei and other vassals to attack Chu in the East and occupy Pengcheng. After hearing the news, Xiang Yu led 30000 elite soldiers to fight back, defeated the Han Army in front of Jiuli mountain, and recaptured Pengcheng. When Liu Bang abandoned his armor and fled, only a few dozen soldiers followed him. Even my old father was left on the way. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Quanzhong, the governor of Xuanwu army, was in conflict with Shi Pu, the governor of Ganhua army in Xuzhou. There is a village in front of the mountain called balitun and "Moqi stone", both of which are related to the ancient encampment and garrison. The famous Pipa song "ten li ambush" describes the fierce scenes of the Chu Han war against the background of the ancient battlefield in front of Jiuli mountain. During the period of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang and the Japanese invaders built an airport in front of Jiuli mountain, stationed troops and placed ammunition, indicating the military status of Jiuli mountain.

scenic spot

Jiuli mountain is rich in tourism resources. With the development of more than ten years, Jiuli mountain has initially formed a scenic spot with the characteristics of Chu Han culture and war culture. Cultural landscapes include su Shan Han tomb, Seoul, imperial edict Museum, journey to the West Art Officer, Denison amusement park, Liu Xiang tomb, Pingshan temple, baiyun temple and other scenic spots; natural landscapes include Jiuli mountain botanical garden, Baiyun cave and so on. On the cliff of Jiuli mountain pass, there are carved stone carvings of "Jiuli mountain ancient battlefield" written by general Zhang Aiping. In front of the pass, there are two Han que.

Jiuli mountain is in good condition except for some vegetation damaged by burning lime in the early years.

Xiangshan, Tuanshan and Baofeng mountain have the most beautiful scenery. The three peaks stand up and reflect each other. Xifeng "image like an elephant", known as Xiangshan. Zhongfeng is high and round. It is called Tuanshan. The East peak is called Baofeng mountain. Among the remaining veins of Jiuli mountain, Pipa mountain at the east end has the best scenery. It is named because the mountain shape is similar to pipa. The north side of the main peak is connected with Boji mountain, mishanzi, volcano and Shuishan. In the past, there were bare rocks, scattered trees and vast weeds in this area. After decades of afforestation, the forest coverage rate has reached more than 90%. There are many peaks, ravines and lush forests in this area. In addition, there are rivers and lakes (Machang lake, Jiuli Lake Park) in front of and behind the mountain, which correspond to the landscape. Form an ideal elegant ecological environment with perfect combination of mountains and rivers. There are abundant paleontological fossils buried in Jiuli mountain. Fossils of elephants, antelopes, tigers and birds from the Quaternary period have been unearthed in rock fissures and natural caves.

Xiaoguishan Han Tomb

Xiaoguishan Han Tomb (national key cultural relics protection unit) is located at the West foot of Guishan mountain in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. It is the joint burial tomb of Liu Zhu, the sixth generation king of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty (128-116 BC). The Han tombs are divided into two corridors with a length of 56 meters. The length difference between the two corridors is only 11.90 cm. The distance between the two corridors is 19 meters. There are 15 chambers in total. The total area of the corridor and chamber is more than 700 square meters and the volume is more than 2600 cubic meters.

As soon as you walk into the South Corridor, a red laser comes out from inside. People who don't know think it's a security measure. In fact, this laser is designed to let you see clearly the straightness of the corridor. The accuracy of the 56 meter long corridor is 1 / 16000. The north and South corridors are parallel to the inside, and the deviation between the two corridors and the central axis is only 5mm, with an accuracy of 1 / 10000. The angle between the two corridors is 20 seconds, and the error is only 1 / 16000. Xi'an will not intersect until it reaches 1000 kilometers away. The ground level of the passageway is high inside and low outside, and the difference between the inside and outside is 527mm, with a slope of 1 / 1000. There are openings in the tombs of Er Yong Tong. The South Corridor is the tomb of Liu Zhu, King Xiang of Chu, and the North corridor is the tomb of his wife.

The opening of the tomb is located at the Western foot of Guishan mountain, in the shape of a trumpet. It is composed of two passages, two corridors and fifteen chambers. It is made by hand. There are 15 tombs, which are connected with each other. The size of the tombs is matched, and the main and secondary parts are distinct. The total area of the tombs is more than 700 square meters, and the volume is more than 2600 cubic meters. All the tombs are dug by hand. This tomb is a rare one in the world and a unique one in China.

Located at the West foot of Guishan mountain in Gulou District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, the Han tomb at Guishan mountain is the joint burial tomb of Liu Zhu, the sixth king of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty (128-116 BC), The tomb was first discovered by local people in February 1981. In November of the same year and November of 1992, Nanjing Museum and Xuzhou Municipal Bureau of culture successively excavated and cleared the northern tomb road and the whole tomb. In 1985, the silver seal of Liu Zhu's tortoise button unearthed from the tomb was collected during the cultural relics survey, thus revealing the identity of the owner of the tomb.

In July 1992, the first phase of the protection project for the Han tomb in Guishan was completed in June 1993. The Han Tombs in Guishan are two juxtaposed joint tombs of husband and wife. In the south is the tomb of Liu Zhu, King Xiang of Chu, and in the north is the tomb of his wife. Both tombs are of the type of horizontal cave and cliff cave. The opening of the tombs is located at the West foot of Guishan mountain, which is in the shape of a trumpet. There are two tombs in the north and the south. The tombs are manually excavated. Each passage is 56 meters long, 1.78 meters high and 1.06 meters wide. The maximum deviation along the central line is only 5 mm, with an accuracy of 1 / 10000. The distance between the north and south passage is 19 meters, with an angle of 20 seconds, with an error of 1 / 16000. The difference between the inside and outside height of the passage is 527 mm, with a natural slope of 10 / 1000. It is the passage with the highest drilling accuracy in the world so far. Each passage is blocked by 26 blocks of stone blocks in two layers, 13 blocks in each layer, and each block weighs 6-7 tons. The tombs are 83 meters long from east to west, 33 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of more than 700 square meters and a volume of more than 2600 cubic meters. This tomb is a rare one in the world and a unique one in China.

The mystery of Han tomb excavation in Guishan

Guishan Han tomb is a typical cliff cave tomb, with 15 chambers and two corridors covering a total area of more than 700 square meters, with a volume of more than 2600 cubic meters. It almost hollowed out the whole mountain. Digging stones in the middle of the mountain to repair the tomb can be compared with the Egyptian pyramids. How did the craftsmen of the Han Dynasty master the stone quality and structure of the mountain to make the construction go smoothly?.

The mystery of stone plugging

When it was discovered, the South corridor was blocked by 26 stone blocks, which were divided into two layers, 13 blocks in each layer, each weighing 6-7 tons. The joints between the stones were so tight that it was difficult to block a coin. According to experts' research, the corridor of the Han tomb was at the middle of Guishan mountain at that time, and the texture of the stone came from far southwest. Where did it come from? In the Han Dynasty, when the productivity was extremely low, how did the ancients transport these huge stone blocks to the corridor?

The mystery of design

The opening of the tomb is located in the west side of Guishan. There are two corridors in the north and the south, each of which is 56 meters long, 1.78 meters high and 1.06 meters wide. The maximum deviation of the excavation along the central line is only 5 mm, and the accuracy is 1 / 10000. The distance between the two corridors is 19 meters, the included angle is 20 seconds, and the error is only 1 / 16000. If they are extended to the west, the intersection will be located in Xi'an, 1000 kilometers away, which is the highest accuracy in the world so far The corridor. The corridor is blocked by 26 6-7 tons of stoppers, which are arranged in two layers. The stoppers are so closely arranged that not a coin can be inserted. And the two walls of the corridor are worn like flat mirrors. According to the technical level at that time, how to build such a corridor?

rock painting

On the north wall of the coffin room of the king of Chu, a life size shadow is clearly displayed. It is dressed in Hanfu, with a broad belt and a bow hand to welcome the guests. It is known as "welcoming the guests of the king of Chu". It is puzzling that this phenomenon gradually formed after the official opening of the tomb, but there is no trace of water seepage outside the shadow.

Chinese PinYin : Jiu Li Shan