Xiangyang City

Xiangyang City is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Located in the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Han River. Surrounded by water on three sides and backed by a mountain on the other side, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack, so it is valued by military experts of all dynasties. Xiangyang City was first built in the sixth year of emperor Gaodi of the Western Han Dynasty (201 BC). It is suspected that the city is located by the Han River in the northwest of the ancient Xiangyang City. Around the time when Liu Biao moved to Jingzhou and ruled Xiangyang, he built a new city in the east of the city, which is roughly the existing scale. The old city has been used as a military base until the Tang Dynasty, when the base was abandoned, most of it has been submerged in the water of the Han Dynasty. Since Liu Biao came to Xiangzhou to be the pastoral governor of Jingzhou, Xiangyang City has been the governor of state, county, government and county. In the Song Dynasty, the original earth city was changed into brick city, and the straight in and straight out gate was changed into Wengcheng gate. The city is about 1.6 km long in the South and 1.4 km wide in the north and West. In the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, when the ancient city was repaired, the South Bank of the Han River moved northward. In order to connect the north city with the Han River, strengthen the defense ability of the northeast corner of the city, and expand the city to the northeast, the perimeter of the city was 7.3 kilometers long, covering an area of 2.5 square kilometers. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the city was built several times because of the breakwater of the Han River.

Xiangyang City

Xiangyang ancient city is located in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, on the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Han River. Xiangyang ancient city was first built in the sixth year of emperor Gaodi of the Western Han Dynasty. It is surrounded by water on three sides and supported by mountains on one side, so it is easy to defend and difficult to attack. Xiongju has a long history in the middle reaches of the Han River.

The ancient city of Xiangyang (Oumiao in Yicheng city) was established as a state, county, government and county government since Liu Biao came to Xiangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The old city was used as a military base until the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, it was changed from a native city to a brick city. Xiangyang ancient city is valued by military experts of all ages. It is one of the most famous ancient city building defense systems in Chinese history, and also the most complete ancient city defense building in China.

The total length of Xiangyang ancient city is 7322 meters. There are more than 4000 battlements on the wall. The widest moat of the ancient city is about 250 meters, with an average width of 180 meters. It is the widest moat in Asia. Xiangyang ancient city is one of the ten best preserved ancient cities in China

Since ancient times, there has been the saying of "iron Xiangyang" and "the first city in China".

There are six gates in Xiangyang ancient city, namely Zhenhua gate, Linhan gate, Gongchen gate, Yangchun gate, Xicheng gate and Wenchang gate.

The ancient city of Xiangyang is integrated with zhaomingtai, zhongxuanlou, Gulou, Xiangyang moat and other historical sites, and it is a famous landscape city in the hinterland of China. Xiangyang ancient city wall of Ming and Qing Dynasties has been declared as a world cultural heritage,

And join hands with other ancient cities and towns in China to establish "China's top ten ancient cities and towns alliance".

Historical evolution

the Spring and Autumn period

Xiangyang City originated in the early spring and Autumn period at the latest, that is, Beijin garrison. It is a large military ferry in the north of Chu state. It is located at the north foot of Zhenwu mountain and Pipa mountain, more than three miles southwest of Xiangyang City. Before the Tang Dynasty, tanxishui River, a north channel connecting the east of lake and the Han River, was convenient to enter and leave the Han River. The opposite bank of the river was a high iron window, which could be opposite to the North Tianjin garrison. It had the superior natural conditions to make a large military ferry. It became a gathering place for Chu troops, especially the Chu king division, to enter and leave during the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period The military fortress, which was equipped with infrastructure and boats, gradually developed into a city with considerable scale and garrison guard.

Han Dynasty

Because of the prominent traffic position of Beijin garrison, counties were set up here in the western and Eastern Han Dynasties, so Beijin garrison became the county government. In the rainy season and flood season, the water in the west of the city was forced to change from the northern foot of the mountains in the south of Xiangyang City to the eastern foot of Xianyang city. Finally, it flowed into the Hanjiang River from the north of Guanyinge in the south of Xianshan mountain, which was called Xiangshui. The county set up in beijinshu was renamed Xiangyang County because it was located in the Yang of water For Xiangyang City.

In the first year of Chuping, Liu Biao built a new city in the northeast of Xiangyang City. It is not difficult to draw a preliminary conclusion through the textual research of historical records such as shuijingzhu and Liangshu.

Jin and Song Dynasties

In the third year of Taiyuan in Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhu Xu, the governor of Liangzhou, guarded Xiangyang City. In order to resist the invasion of the enemy, Zhu Xu's mother led many maidservants and women in the city, and built a new city in the northwest corner of the city for more than 20 Zhang. Later generations called this section "Madame city" (recorded in Guangxu's Xiangyang Prefecture annals and Tongzhi's Xiangyang County annals).

In the fifth year of Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty, the city walls were repaired, and in the seventh year of Qiandao, they were repaired again. 　　

Wei and Tang Dynasties

From the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, Xiangyang City moved eastward and northward. According to the inscriptions and documents of Xiangyang City in Tang Dynasty, Liu Biao's tomb and its ground buildings moved from the east gate of Xiangyang City to the east gate from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty. Based on this and other documents, it can be inferred that Xiangyang City moved to the East and North. The west city wall has been moved to its present position. Today's Madame city is the northwest corner of the city. The east city wall is about the line of Jingzhou street in the city. Jingzhou Guzhi may be the northeast corner of the city. In front of Zhaoming platform is the big cross street in the city. In the first year of Shenlong, Zhang Cambodian was the governor of Xiangzhou, and the Huihan River surged. He used Xiangyang County in the Han Dynasty and Xiangyang City Wall from the Three Kingdoms to the early Tang Dynasty to build a flood control embankment in the west of the city.

It is recorded in the literature that the city of Xiangyang in Tang, song and Yuan Dynasties was zhoujiuli. In the Southern Song Dynasty, an additional urn was built on the three gates in the southeast and west of Xiangyang City. Brick walls were built at important positions, horse faces and watchtowers were built on the walls, and Yanqi city was built in the northeast and northwest corners of the city, which extended to the riverside, echoing the two Yanqi cities in the East and West corners of Fancheng, which strengthened the defense ability of Xiangyang City.

The late Yuan Dynasty

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Xiangyang City expanded to the East and south. Deng Yu was ordered to expand Xiangyang City, extending about 400 meters to the East and south respectively. On the basis of the Yanyi city in the northeast corner built in the Southern Song Dynasty, he built a new corner City, Xincheng Bay, which is connected with it, and extended the changmen section to the East. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the city walls were decadent. In the 25th year of Zhizheng reign (1365), Zhu Yuanzhang restored the town of Xiangyang.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

At the beginning of Hongwu Period in Ming Dynasty, the new city was built around the old north gate to the East and changmen to the south. In the fourth year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty, Wan Zhensun, the magistrate of Xiangyang County, wrote: "Yangchun" in the east gate, "Wenchang" in the south gate, "Xicheng" in the west gate, "Gongchen" in the big north gate, "Linhan" in the small North gate, "Zhenhua" in the east gate; (in 1993, Xiangyang municipal government restored Zhongxuan building on the original site. The double eaves on the top of the mountain are magnificent.) Kuixing building and Shizi building have long gone.

Ming chenghuajian (1465-1487) governor Wang Xin rebuilt the South Gate Tower

In hongzhizhong (around 1496), Mao Xian, deputy historian, rebuilt the East and west gate, the big and small north gate, the East changmen gate, the Zhucheng building and the turrets.

In the summer of 1516, the Han river overflowed and broke the city for more than 30 years. Nie Xian, a road inspector, donated his salary to repair it.

In the fourth year of Wanli (1576), the magistrate Wan Zhensun gave another name to the first title of the six schools. The title of the east gate was "Yangchun", the south gate was "Wenchang", the west gate was "Xicheng", the Great North gate was "Gongchen", the small north gate was "Linhan", and the east gate was "Zhenhua".

In the 14th year of Chongzhen, when Zhang Xianzhong led the rebel army to capture Xiangyang, the battlements, police shops and city buildings were destroyed. Later, the imperial censor yuan Jixian repaired the battlements as before, and the imperial censor Wang Yongzuo rebuilt the six gate towers.

In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Zhao Zhaolin, the imperial censor, urged Su Zonggui, the Deputy history officer, to rebuild the west gate tower, Ji Ruxi, the governor, to rebuild the South Gate Tower, and Xu tengmao and Zhang Zhong, the governor, to rebuild the big north gate and the small North Gate Tower. Dong Shangzhi, the county magistrate, went on to rebuild the East Gate Tower, and then added another name to each gate. The title of the east gate was "Baoli east suburb", the south gate was "Huaxing South kingdom", the west gate was "good voice of the west", and the north gate was "lock key of the North Gate".

In the sixth year of Daoguang (1826), Zhou Kai, the magistrate, rebuilt the six gate tower.

In the first year of Guangxu (1875), due to long rain, many city walls collapsed, and the magistrate Wu Yaodou led the repair. In the second year, the magistrate Lao qingfan took over the repair procedure, until the seventh year of Guangxu, the magistrate Mei Guanlin took over the repair.

the Republic of China era

In 1939, the Japanese bombed the two cities of Xiangyang (Xiangcheng and Fancheng). In order to facilitate the evacuation of the officials and people in the city, the walls on the south side of the west gate and the west side of the south gate, as well as the west gate, the South Gate urn and the tower were demolished.

In the summer of 1948, the 15th appeasement District of the Kuomintang was stationed in Xiangyang, and the city walls on the south side of the west gate and the west side of the south gate, which were demolished in 1939, were temporarily restored.

After the revolution of 1911, there were intermittent minor repairs (before and after the founding of the people's Republic of China, city bricks engraved with the 16th and 18th years of the Republic of China were found several times in Xiangyang City).

In May 1933, the Great North Gate Tower was destroyed by a hurricane.

In 1939, the Japanese invaders bombed the two cities of Xiangyang. In order to facilitate the evacuation of the masses, the city walls on the south side of the west gate and the west side of the south gate, together with the west gate, the moon city of the south gate and the city tower, were demolished.

Around 1945, the changmen tower collapsed due to disrepair.

In the summer of 1948, the 15th appeasement area of the Kuomintang was stationed in Xiangyang. The walls on the south side of the west gate and the west side of the south gate, which were demolished during the Anti Japanese war in 1939, were temporarily built, and battlements were rammed on the city. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, some units ignored the protection of the city wall.

Around 1958, when the East Street was expanded, the east gate was demolished, and Xiangyang City had its own small North Gate Tower.

The People's Republic of China

It was repaired many times after 1949 and overhauled in 1977. It is a new one and stands tall.

In 1970, the east side of Madame town was destroyed for more than 160 meters.

Around 1974,

Chinese PinYin : Xiang Yang Cheng