Man horse grave

The tomb is located on the northeast slope of Yuhuatai Martyrs sculpture. During the Wuchang Uprising in October 1911, the new army of nine towns in Nanjing first responded to the uprising at aolingguan outside Zhonghua Gate and attacked Nanjing. Later, due to the lack of ammunition and heavy casualties, they had to retreat to Zhenjiang. They united with some of the new army of Zhenjiang as the base, expanded the organization of Jiangsu Zhejiang alliance, and then attacked Nanjing. Finally, they defeated the Qing army and recovered Nanjing. Later generations divided the martyrs and horses who died in the battle into two tombs, and erected a monument to commemorate them. The revolutionary army then buried more than 200 martyrs and horses who died in the battle of Yuhuatai at the present site of Donggang. Two earth tombs and steles were built to commemorate them. In 1956, Yuhuatai Martyrs' cemetery rebuilt a 3-meter-high "memorial to the death of the revolution of 1911", both of which were destroyed in the "Cultural Revolution". In 1981, a new granite stele was built with the inscription of "Tomb of people and horses killed in the battle of Yuhuatai in the 1911 Revolution". In 1999, the tomb was rebuilt with a stone fence at the back and a new granite faced arc screen wall. Surrounded by green pines and bamboos, the environment is solemn and solemn. It has become an important memorial of the revolution of 1911 in Nanjing.

Man horse grave

The tomb of people and horses in the battle of 1911 is located on the hillside of Meigang mountain in the northeast of Yuhuatai Martyr sculpture. In October 1911, the new army of the ninth town of Nanjing first responded to the Wuchang Uprising. It revolted at molingguan outside Zhonghua Gate and attacked Nanjing. Later, due to the lack of ammunition and heavy casualties, it had to retreat to Zhenjiang. It united part of the new army of Zhenjiang as the base, expanded the organization of Jiangsu Zhejiang alliance, and then attacked Nanjing. Finally, it defeated the Qing army and recovered Nanjing. Later generations divided the martyrs and horses who died in the battle into two tombs, and erected a monument to commemorate them.

Yuhuatai is located outside Zhonghua Gate in the south of Nanjing City, which is the nearest highland to the city wall in the south of Nanjing city. Yuhuatai and Zijin Mountain in the east of Nanjing are horns of each other. In modern Chinese history, whether in the 1911 Revolution or in the Nanjing defense war in 1937, Yuhuatai was a strategic fortress to attack and defend Jinling. It was a place for military strategists of all dynasties, and also witnessed the moving story of generations of people with lofty ideals dying for their country.

At the foot of Meigang mountain in the northeast of Yuhuatai scenic spot, there is a unique Tomb of people and horses in China - the tomb of people and horses in 1911 Revolution. The tomb is located on the cliff of the northeast slope of the Yuhuatai Martyr sculpture. The 1981 stele echoes the arc-shaped screen wall built in 1998, with two round earth tombs, one in the South and the other in the north.

During the revolution of 1911, the Allied forces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang attacked the Yuhuatai fortress in Jinling, fought fiercely with Zhang Xun of the Qing army, and suffered heavy losses. The revolutionary army then buried more than 200 martyrs and horses who died in the battle of Yuhuatai together here, and built two earth tombs and tree steles to commemorate them.

Two earth tombs of the same size are built at an interval of 5 meters, surrounded by a granite ring, about 1 meter high and about 12 meters long. The top of the tomb is about 50 cm high, covered with grass, and a few small flowers swaying in the wind. In the middle of the tombstone stands a 1.5-meter-high tombstone with the words "the battle of Yuhuatai in the 1911 Revolution". In front of the tomb is the arched screen wall of the tomb, which is engraved with a brief description of the battle in Chinese and English, and a high relief wreath in the middle and lower part for later generations to look forward to.

Hero blood rain flower Soul: Yuhuatai in the revolution of 1911

In the Qing Dynasty, Nanjing was the place where Nanyang ministers and Liangjiang governors of the Qing Dynasty were stationed. It had an important geographical location and a strong city. In the early period of the 1911 Revolution, there were two standing armies stationed in Nanjing. One was the Jiangfang army, which was stationed in the city of Nanjing and the surrounding fortresses. There were 23 battalions with more than 20000 people. The commander-in-chief of this army was Zhang Xun, who was then the governor of Jiangnan and later led the braided army to Beijing for restoration. The other is the ninth town (equivalent to Division) of the new army, with about 10000 people. It is also stationed in Nanjing, but does not serve as defense, only for training. The commander-in-chief of the army was Xu Shaozhen, Minister of the interior of the national government during the period of Sun Yat Sen.

The revolution of 1911

1911 in the late Qing Dynasty was the year of the great revolution in which the Chinese nation awakened, smashed an old world with violence and realized the Republic. After the Wuchang Uprising in October of the same year, the flames of the 1911 Revolution quickly spread to the whole of China. In order to eliminate the contact between the new army and the revolutionaries, the ninth town of the new army was transferred from Nanjing city to molingguan Town, 60 kilometers south of the city. In order to prevent this army from mutiny, Zhang Renjun, the then governor of Liangjiang, tie Liang, the general of Jiangning, and Zhang Xun, the governor of Jiangnan, ordered that no ammunition should be distributed to the ninth town of the new army. At the same time, secret agents should be sent to monitor the movement of the new army. All of these make the revolutionary intention of this new army more and more intense.

On November 4, 1911, Zhang Xun sent officers to assassinate Xu Shaozhen in the name of seeking to see him. After the assassination failed, on November 8, the intolerable Xu Shaozhen announced an uprising under the instigation of Bai Wenwei of the alliance. He was appointed as the "commander-in-chief of Jiangsu Zhejiang allied forces" and led his troops to raid the Yuhuatai fort, intending to seize the commanding height in the south of the city. However, the uprising troops were heavily shelled by the fort of Zhang Xunjiang defense army, and the ammunition was exhausted. The uprising failed temporarily, and the troops retreated to Zhenjiang to repair and replenish ammunition. The failure of the uprising had a great impact on Shanghai and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, which had just gained independence. Song Jiaoren, the backbone of the alliance in Shanghai, and Chen Qimei, the governor, both believed that the gain and loss of Nanjing was related to the survival of the nation, and it was not enough to complete the task of Jiangsu revolution unless Nanjing was conquered.

Sun Yat sen in Nanjing

In mid November, the Soviet, Zhejiang and Shanghai armies successively gathered near Zhenjiang. It was decided to divide the troops into four routes: the town army and Zhejiang army were the main forces in the middle route, the right-wing Town army attacked Tianbao City, the left-wing Zhejiang army attacked Chaoyangmen by Xiaoling guards; the Soviet army in the south route attacked Yuhuatai and jubaomen; the northern route song army attacked the battery along the Yangtze River; Bai Wenwei led the second branch of Zhenjiang and Xu Baoshan of Yang army to attack Pukou along the North Bank of the river to intercept the retreat of the Qing army; the Shanghai army was the general reserve. On the 22nd and 23rd, Cheng Dequan, the governor of Suzhou, went to Danyang, Zhenjiang, Longtan and yaohuamen to send people to comfort the troops and boost the morale of the people's army. At this time, the ordnance purchased by the Shanghai General army station has also been transported to the front line, and everything is ready.

On the afternoon of the 24th, the general headquarters moved to Longtan, and all the troops attacked the designated targets and occupied Wulong mountain that night. On the 25th, the Allied forces launched a general attack. For a while, the guns on the Yuhuatai were rumbling and the bullets were flying like rain. On that day, they occupied Mufushan fort and Xiaolingwei. On the evening of the same day, the general headquarters moved to Qilin gate. On the 27th, Jiangsu and Zhejiang allied forces formed a siege of Nanjing.

On December 1, the Soviet army captured Yuhuatai, and the troops of Zhejiang town captured Tianbao city. Zhang Renjun and Zhang Xun asked the US Consul and the US president of Gulou Hospital, Ma Lin, to come forward to negotiate with the headquarters of the Jiangsu Zhejiang allied forces, demanding that the flag men should not be killed, that the shelling should be stopped, and that they should withdraw from Nanjing. Late that night, Zhang Xun led 2000 disabled soldiers across the river from Dashengguan and fled to the north. On the 2nd, the Soviet Army stormed into the south gate from Yuhuatai, the town army stormed into the Taiping gate, and the Guangdong army stormed into the Yifeng gate. The rest of the troops entered the city one after another and recovered in Nanjing.

In this fierce battle, the most striking thing is that a female Death Squadron led by Yin Weijun, a female revolutionary hero of the 1911 Revolution, appeared in the revolutionary army. They became unforgettable beauties in the bloodbath. In the battle of Yuhuatai, they fought bravely and bravely. Yin Weijun led the women's death squads to occupy Yuhuatai, capture Zhonghua Gate, tear up the defense line of the Qing army, and made many achievements in fighting for Yuhuatai fortress. It played an important role in conquering Nanjing.

In 1911, Yin Weijun was 15 years old, but her revolutionary career began long ago. Less than 10 years old, Yin Weijun joined the restoration society and the alliance society with his second sister Yin Ruizhi. The two sisters went to Mingdao women's school in Shaoxing to study and became friends with Qiu Jin. From then on, they followed Qiu Jin to study and revolution. Together with Qiu Jin, they were called "three female heroes of modern China". Before the war of Nanjing's recovery, Yin Weijun had made great achievements in the battles of Guangzhou Uprising, Wuchang Uprising, Shanghai's recovery and Hangzhou's recovery. In 1911, this cardamom girl, accompanied by horses and bullets, was valiant and valiant. After the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, the two sisters won the only pair of women's senior military and political adviser titles granted by Sun Yat Sen.

This campaign is known as the Yuhuatai battle of the 1911 Revolution in history. Its victory and even the restoration of Nanjing played a decisive role in stabilizing the situation of the 1911 Revolution and Sun Yat Sen's capital Nanjing. In 1912, when Sun Yat Sen was the temporary president in Nanjing, he made a special trip to inspect the Yuhuatai fort and spoke highly of the battle of Yuhuatai. In the early years of the Republic of China, the soldiers and horses who died in the battle of Yuhuatai were buried together on the hillside of Donggang in Yuhuatai as a memorial, from which the tomb of the people and horses of the 1911 Revolution came into being.

Centenary tombs witness the rise of the Chinese nation

"Honesty is both brave and martial, and it will be strong in the end. Since the body is dead, the spirit is the soul, and the soul is the ghost. We know very little about the battle of Yuhuatai one hundred years ago. There are only a few words in the history books. We can't say all the unknown details of the fierce war. As time goes by, as the only witness of that period of history, the tomb of the revolution of 1911 can not let us know the names of the heroes who died here. We only know that there were such a group of people who fought against the enemy one after another. With their own blood, they aroused the awakening of the nation; with their own sacrifice, they exchanged for the future of the nation.

"The iron flag sweeps away the dust, and China is as dark as ever. Add new tears under the rain flower terrace, white bone green phosphorous old Party member Yu Youren, a statesman, educator and calligrapher in modern China, published Yuhuatai in 1912 with deep feelings. Coincidentally, Lu Xun also wrote in 1931

Chinese PinYin : Ren Ma He Zhong