Nanhao Dehua stele

On March 4, 1961, the State Council announced that it was one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The Dehua stele of Nanzhao is a green stone stele, which is 4 meters high, 2.4 meters wide and 0.6 meters thick. The stele was erected in 776 ad (the 15th year of Zanpu Zhong, the first year of Dali of Tang Dynasty). After Luo Feng, the king of Nanzhao, was forced to rebel against the Tang Dynasty and join Tubo, he had to rebel against the Tang Dynasty in order to explain why he "refused to be emperor and was subject to the will of Xirong". There are more than 3800 words in the body of the inscription, and only 220 words remain today. This paper focuses on the close relationship between Nanzhao and Tang Dynasty, and the process of the two sides' vicious exchanges. The two sides met each other in three wars, and finally Nanzhao returned to Tubo. There are 41 lines of inscriptions, more than 3000 words, and only 556 words are left. The content is the titles of important officials in Nanzhao. The contents of the existing inscriptions are recorded for the first time by Li Yuanyang, a famous Yunnan writer and Neo Confucianist in the Ming Dynasty. The Dehua stele of Nanzhao provides extremely important documents for the study of the formation of Nanzhao, social system, the relationship between Yunnan Nationalities, the relationship between Nanzhao and Tang Dynasty and Tubo, as well as the structure of the ruling class and the official system in the early period of Nanzhao. The Nanhao Dehua stele is located in the Nanhao Taihe city site to the west of Taihe village at the foot of Cangshan Mountain, outside the country gate of Taihe city at that time. This stele was erected in the first year of the Dali Period of the Tang Dynasty (766 AD). It is 3.97 meters high and 2.46 meters wide. After thousands of years of ups and downs, there are only 800 words left on the stele, which is known as "the largest stele in Yunnan". The inscription describes the early history of Nanzhao and its relationship with the Tang Dynasty. Its calligraphy is beautiful, has considerable artistic value, belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit.

Dehua stele

synonym

The Dehua stele of Nanzhao generally refers to the Dehua stele

In the site of Nanhao Taihe city in the west of Taihe village, Dali City, stands a black ancient stele - "Nanhao Dehua stele", known as "the first stele in Yunnan". The monument is 3.97 meters high, 2.27 meters wide and 0.58 meters thick. There are 40 lines of inscriptions on the front, about 3800 words, of which only 256 are broken. There are 41 lines of inscriptions on the inscriptions, which list in detail the titles and names of Nanzhao Qingping officer, general, six Cao Chang and so on. After thousands of years of ups and downs, there are only 800 words left in the inscription.

It is said that the inscription of "Dehua stele" was written by Zheng Hui, the Qingping official of Nanzhao, and written by Du Guangting, the imperial censor of Nanzhao in Tang Dynasty. The inscription mainly praises Ge Luofeng's literary and martial arts, and describes the relationship among Nanzhao, Tang Dynasty and Tubo, as well as the cause and process of all previous wars. It shows that he had no choice but to rebel against Tang Dynasty and hoped to make peace with Tang Dynasty. The monument is valuable material for the study of Yunnan ethnic history and Tibetan local history.

Overview of cultural relics

Taihe village, 7 kilometers south of Dali County (now part of Dali City), was the world-famous capital of Nanzhao state 1200 years ago.

The history of Nanzhao is as old as smoke. In this thousand year old village, there still stands a monument, the Dehua monument. The inscription on it is still impressive, which proves the history of Nanzhao's hegemony. It argues that Nanzhao and the Tang Dynasty have a long history, and its eloquence is high and beautiful, which covers the ancient Yunnan.

Dehua stele is the largest Tang stele in Yunnan Province. It is 3.02 meters high and 2.27 meters wide. It has 40 lines of writing and 0.58 meters thick. It is engraved on both sides with 3800 words in Yangwen and 1200 words in plaintext,

It is an important cultural relic to study the history of Nanzhao. Together with Taihe City, this monument has been listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

historical background

After the "Tianbao war" of Tang Dynasty, Luo Feng, the leader of Nanzhao Kingdom, annihilated 100 thousand troops of Tang Dynasty general Li mi in Taihe city. With the momentum of complete victory, he displayed his lofty vision and made great achievements. In the inscription, he bitterly expressed the reason and expectation that he had to fight against Tang Dynasty because of the despotic power of Tang Dynasty general. He wrote a magnificent and brilliant essay, which is a rare one in Yunnan stele.

The whole story of the incident

The story of Ge Luofeng's mutiny

After the establishment of Nanzhao, the power of Nanzhao became stronger and stronger, intending to expand eastward; the royal family of Tang Dynasty wanted to unite with Nanzhao, but did not want to be strong, so the contradiction arose.

During the reign of Tianbao, Yang Guozhong and other treacherous officials were in power, who "wanted to be gracious and make contributions to the border areas", engaged in militarism, corrupted the imperial court, dealt with the relationship between the ethnic and local governments wrongly, and political and military conflicts occurred from time to time. In the ninth year of Tianbao (A.D. 750), Luo Feng, the king of Nanzhao, went to Yunnan (today's Yunnan Post) to meet Zhang qiantuo, the then governor of Yunnan (today's Yao'an). However, his wife was insulted by Zhang qiantuo. Ge Luofeng was very angry and complained, but the court did not say a word. So Ge Luofeng went to ask for a crime, killed Zhang qiantuo, and captured dozens of cities and lands.

In the second year, Jiannan Jiedushi Xianyu Zhongtong attacked geluofeng with 80000 soldiers. Geluofeng sent someone to state the original story, "cut Chen Dan's money, and repeat it again and again", indicating that he was willing to buy another city and return the captives. However, Xianyu Zhongtong was arrogant, "narrow-minded and resourceful", and was not allowed to talk about peace, "only talk about slaughter".

Facing a strong enemy, GE Luofeng made a decisive decision, united with Tubo, defeated the Tang army in the West Erhe River, and lost 60000 troops in Zhongtong. Nantian was granted the title of East emperor by Tushan, and established the country, which is known as Da Meng.

The Tang Dynasty did not accept the lesson. In 754 ad, General Li mi led 100000 troops to attack Nanzhao. After a fierce battle, the Tang army was annihilated.

This is the famous "Tianbao war".

Ge Luofeng's political foresight

Although Ge Luofeng defeated the Tang army several times, he was powerful and powerful, but he was a statesman with vision. Considering the fundamental interests of Nanzhao, he did not want to be an enemy with the Tang King for a long time.

He was also a strategist who was good at advancing and retreating. He collected the soldiers of the Tang army with the army of complete victory, and "sacrificed them and buried them". He also made people write an article to record the cause and effect of the Tianbao war in detail, and to state the bitterness of having to go against the Tang Dynasty. This article is engraved on the huge stele, standing in the capital city, which is "Dehua stele".

Ge Luofeng is a real strong man. He takes a low attitude when he wins, and adheres to him when he wins.

Not only did he carve a stone tablet to express his feelings, but also he took a series of measures to eliminate future troubles. He built the remains of Tang soldiers into a "Tomb of Tang Tianbao soldiers", which is commonly known as the "Tomb of ten thousand people", and offered sacrifices at the age of one year. At the foot of Xieyang peak of Cangshan Mountain, the "Tang Li Gong's temple", also known as the "general's temple", was built to offer sacrifices to Li Mi, the commander-in-chief of the Tang army, and his ministry. So and so on, it shows that GE Luofeng's heart is deep.

These actions laid a solid foundation for the later repair of Nanzhao and the king of Tang, the stability of the border and the reunification of the motherland.

Mend with Tang

After the death of Ge Luofeng, his grandson Yimou Xun became the leader of the country. He sent three envoys into Chengdu and asked to return to the Tang Dynasty. At this time, the Tang Dynasty had to face the reality and accept Nanzhao.

Looking back on the past and summing up the experience and lessons, Prime Minister Li mi realized that "since the Han Dynasty, Yunnan's officials belonged to China, and Yang Guozhong had no reason to disturb them to make them rebel". He admitted that he was in the Tang Dynasty but not in Nanzhao. Therefore, he put forward the strategy of "cutting off the arms of Tubo" for "Nantong Yunnan", which was accepted by Tang Dezong.

In 794 ad, the Tang Dynasty sent yuan Zi as its special envoy to confer the title of Nanzhao king. This was 28 years after the establishment of Dehua tablet. Since then, Nanzhao returned to the Tang Dynasty.

Original inscription

Gongwen Qingzhuo at the beginning of the division, transport Yin and Yang and produce all things; Chuanyue line, tree head of state and determine all directions. Therefore, there is nothing greater than the sun and the moon in the image of the Ming Dynasty, and nothing greater than the monarch and his ministers in the lofty position. The rule of Tao is more peaceful than the rule of law. No matter what the circumstances of the world are, it's not natural. I praise Pu Zhong's great imperial edict of the state of Mongolia, which combines sex and industry, but does not sprout wisdom. With the opportunity of the world games, it's better to appease the public, to retreat without losing virtue, and to advance without shame.

Wang's surname is Meng, and his name is Luo Feng. He was the eldest son of Yi Tong, the third division of Wang Yue's Government in Yunnan Province. Ying lingjiexiu, Han zhangtingsheng. The corner of the sun is odd, and the character of the dragon is expensive. It started with Wang's being in the crown prince's office, and Daolong had three virtues, and his position was immediately separated. Don't read books that are not holy, try the skill of learning characters. Fujun repeatedly heard of the achievements, the prison every home. In the Tang Dynasty, he was granted the right leader Wei general and Yang Guazhou governor.

The former king led the army to attack Shiqiao city and sent the imperial edict to attack Shihezi. Father son division, two evil ugly. Jiazuo led the general of Wei. Wu he broke Jianchuan with Wang Chengjun, the envoy of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. But the official moves by the material, the merit establishes by the stem. According to the imperial court, military power was appointed. If you look for a special advance, you will know the general of the army and horse. Two river house, five imperial edicts have been flat. The southern kingdom stopped fighting, and the Northern Dynasty divided politics. However, Yuexi imperial edict Yu Yu Yu's gifts, relying on duo Yu, deceived Lujiang, formed a vicious channel, and disturbed me. They refuse to disobey the rules. In the year of despising the weak crown, he had already lost his determination. He hated the evil and dared to rebel against the great nation. Please ask for self-examination and aim to sweep the land. Owl in the gift of the head, tilt hidden cave. All the treasures come back together. The solution of your father's worries, quiet edge corner of the Yi. Making envoys to play and hearing, paying for the state of Zhu.

Tianbao seven years, the former king is the world, the emperor mourn Gong Jing filial piety, mourn to Fu Cun. Li Jingyi, an envoy to the central government, attacked the king of Yunnan with a Book of festivals. Fengjiayi, the eldest man, was ten years old when he entered the imperial court with Tianbao. He was granted the title of Honglu Shaoqing. Because he had been attacked several times, he was also granted the title of Shangqing. He was also the governor of Guazhou in Yangzi and the general of Duzhi army and horse. He is loyal to his family. There is no more than a month for the children to enter the Xianfu. It is said that the monarch and his ministers have one virtue, and there is no deception inside and outside. How often do you expect to be treacherous and treacherous.

In the beginning,

Chinese PinYin : Nan Zhao De Hua Bei