panshan scenic area

Located 15 kilometers northwest of Ji County, Tianjin Panshan scenic area covers an area of 106 square kilometers. It is also known as "the first mountain in East Beijing" because it is located in the east of Beijing. Mountain old name Wuzhong, Xuwu, Sizheng, Panlong. It is said that in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Tian Chou, a famous scholar without end, lived here in seclusion and was not rewarded by Emperor Xian, so he was called Tian Panshan, or Pan Shan for short. It is a national scenic spot and a national 5A scenic spot. It is a tourist and leisure resort with natural landscape and historical sites, Buddhist culture and royal culture. In October 2018, Panshan scenic spot is the only 5A scenic spot in Tianjin that is priced by the government. The ticket price of the main scenic spot of Panshan has been reduced from 108 yuan to 78 yuan per piece, with a reduction rate of 28%.

geographical position

Panshan is located at 40 ° 05 ′ - 40 ° 06 ′ N and 117 ° 15 ′ - 117 ° 18 ′ E. It is located in the north of Guanzhuang Township, Jixian County, 12.5 kilometers northwest of the county. It is 60km away from Beijing in the west, 120km away from Tangshan in Hebei Province in the East and 110km away from Tianjin in the south. Jinji Expressway and Jingping expressway can directly reach the parking lot of the scenic spot. Beijing Shenyang Expressway and national highway 102 can directly reach the scenic spot.

topographic features

Panshan belongs to the southern part of Yanshan Mountains, with middle and low mountain landforms, and the altitude is generally 400-600 meters. The main peak, the moon hanging peak, is 864.4 meters above sea level. The slope is generally more than 35 ° and the area is about 20 square kilometers.

Climate type

Located on the east coast of the mid latitude Eurasian continent, the scenic spot is dominated by the monsoon circulation. It is a region where the East Asian monsoon prevails and has a continental climate. The main climatic characteristics are: four distinct seasons, windy in spring, dry and less rain; hot in summer, concentrated rain; cool in autumn, moderate cold and warm; cold in winter, dry and less snow. Among the four seasons, winter is the longest, with 156-167 days; summer is the second, with 87-103 days; spring is 56-61 days; autumn is the shortest, with only 50-56 days. The average annual precipitation in Tianjin is 520-660mm, and the number of precipitation days is 63-70 days. The rainfall in July and August accounts for about 70% of the whole year.

Biological resources

There are many kinds of animals and plants in Panshan scenic area, and the ecological environment is good. There are more than 400 kinds of plants in more than 100 families, 200 genera. There are more than 20 kinds of mammals, more than 100 kinds of birds, more than 20 kinds of amphibians and reptiles, more than 300 kinds of insects. Among them, there are 10 species of plants listed in the red book by the World Union for the protection of natural resources, and 9 species of plants, 3 species of animals and 9 species of animals under the second level national protection.

Due to the development of vertical joints at the rock group level and the typical "spherical Weathering" characteristics, Panshan has formed a unique landscape with many strange peaks and steep rocks. The soil type is mainly coarse bony cinnamon soil, and the mountain brown soil is the main soil type in the mountain area larger than 750 meters. The vegetation types are Pinus tabulaeformis coniferous forest community and Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus variabilis mixed forest community. The scenery of Panshan is different in four seasons.

mineral resources

Jixian, where Panshan is located, is the main producing area of solid mineral resources in Tianjin. Energy minerals include coal; metal minerals include manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, gold and iron; non-metal minerals include cement limestone, dolomite (limestone) for construction, diabase for construction, ceramic soil (purple sand shale), dolomite for metallurgy, barite, pyrite, cement proportioning clay, cement proportioning shale, potassium bearing rock, marble, sepiolite, granite, silica, Maifan stone and building materials Sand, mold sand, peat, boron, clay for brick and tile. However, in the solid mineral fields of Jixian County, except for ceramic soil (purple sand shale), dolomite for construction (limestone) and potassium bearing rock, the rest are small and medium-sized (mainly small).

The groundwater resources of Jixian County are relatively rich in Tianjin, and the water quality is excellent.

Panshan was first recorded in Han Dynasty and flourished in Tang Dynasty. It flourished in the Qing Dynasty. In history, there are 72 temples, 13 exquisite pagodas and a royal garden, Jingji mountain villa. It was famous for "East Wutai Mountain" as early as the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, it was famous at home and abroad as "the first mountain in the east of Beijing". In the early years of the Republic of China, Panshan, together with Mount Tai, West Lake and the Forbidden City, was one of the top 15 scenic spots in China.

Old name Wuzhong mountain, Xuwu mountain, Sizheng mountain, Panlong mountain. It is said that in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tian Chou led his clan to live in seclusion here. In the 12th year of Jian'an (207 AD), when Cao Cao led the army to attack Wuhuan in the north, Tian Chou asked him to be a guide and make contributions to break Wuhuan. Cao Cao granted him "the title of Marquis of the pavilion and five hundred food cities". However, Tian Chou was still living in seclusion, so he was called Tian Panshan, or Panshan for short.

According to the records of Panshan, from the beginning of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty, Emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty, Emperor Shizong of Jin Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty all visited Panshan. They built buildings and temples in Panshan and left more than 300 cliff carvings. Emperors and generals, literati, faithful men and women, stroll into the mountains. There is an endless stream of people attending Zen and worshiping Buddha. As far back as the early Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, visited the city on his way to victory in the eastern expedition. He was full of praise. He wrote a poem "how can I visit here? Why should I go outside the city?" and highly praised the gorgeous scenery of Panshan. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, 72 temples and 13 pagodas had been built here, and palaces and towers were everywhere. The situation was unprecedented, and it became a Buddhist holy land full of incense. In the Tang Dynasty, Buddhism flourished, and Panshan and Wutai Mountain in Shanxi Province called each other from east to west, which was called "dongwutai". The quiet natural scenery and numerous Buddhist temples have attracted an endless stream of good men and women. Many literati and poets have come to worship Buddhism or visit mountains and rivers, leaving behind countless poems, inscriptions, and legends, which have added a lot of cultural landscape and infinite interest to Panshan. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty entered the mountain nine times, and Emperor Qianlong was surprised when he toured the mountain for the first time. He couldn't help chanting: "if you knew there was a mountain, why go to the south of the Yangtze River"! He ordered people to build a large-scale "Jingji mountain villa" in the eastern part of Shandong Province, and the development of Panshan was extremely prosperous. Since then, he toured here 27 times. The emperor not only left the palace to deal with the government, but also took it as a summer resort. The Qing emperors spend huge sums of money on the scenery of the villa, and choose China's traditional gardening techniques, collecting the essence of the South and North Garden art, making the static mountain villa a magnificent and beautiful royal garden.

However, in the first half of this century, due to war and disrepair, most of the buildings have disappeared. During the Anti Japanese War, Panshan area was one of the revolutionary bases in Eastern Hebei. The Japanese army carried out the cruel "three lights" policy, and many Buddhist temples in Panshan were destroyed by the fire of war and the destruction of the enemy, but the beautiful scenery of Panshan is still attractive. After liberation, a martyr's cemetery was built at the foot of Panshan mountain for later generations to look forward to. Many revolutionary relics have been opened to tourists. Some of the ancient buildings in Panshan have been restored and rebuilt, and Panshan is once again becoming an eye-catching tourist attraction with its brand-new appearance.

As the only national key scenic spot in Tianjin, Panshan scenic spot plays an important role in the tourism development of Jixian County and even Tianjin city.

In 2003, it was awarded as the advanced unit of comprehensive management of national scenic spots by the Ministry of construction.

In 2004, it was rated as a national 4A scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

In 2005, it was jointly evaluated as "an advanced unit in creating national civilized scenic spots" by the Central Committee of civilization, the Ministry of construction and the National Tourism Administration.

In 2007, it was rated as national 5A scenic spot.

Religious culture

Religious culture is an important part of Panshan culture. Historically, Buddhism and Taoism developed alternately in Panshan, competing to spread and compete with each other. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism began to spread to Jixian County, and the first Buddhist temple, Xianglin temple, was built at the foot of shiliyu mountain in Shandong Province. In the Tang Dynasty, during the period, there were over 10 temples, such as cloud cover temple, Wan song temple, Tiancheng temple, Tianxiang temple, thousand elephant temple, reformatory temple, upper temple, middle plate temple, Shuangfeng temple, Puji temple, perfume temple and Bai Yan temple. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the Qing Dynasty, he was known as 72 temples, and a substitute of Emperor Qianlong became a monk in Panshan. During this period, Panshan Buddhism developed to its peak and became one of the important Buddhist holy places in Jingdong and even in the whole country. According to the inscriptions on the construction of Zhengfa Temple by Cai Shiying of the Qing Dynasty, "those in the middle of ancient times are the five platforms in the east of Beijing." As a result, Panshan is also known as "East Wutai Mountain". This fully affirmed Panshan's position and role in the development of Buddhism.

Shaolin Temple is one of the earliest temples in Panshan (except Xianglin Temple). It is one of the earliest Buddhist temples in Jixian County and Tianjin. It is recorded in Zhipu's Panshan annals, Zhu YIZUN's rixiajiuwen and Yu Minzhong's rixiajiuwen: "Shaolin Temple, formerly known as faxing temple, was built in the Jin and Wei dynasties (the Northern Wei Dynasty in the two Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties). From the perspective of temple construction time, Panshan Shaolin Temple is no later than Songshan Shaolin Temple in Henan Province. In terms of the scale of the temple, the architecture of Panshan Shaolin Temple is magnificent, "there are ancient Buddha relic pagodas in the temple, with a height of 200 feet.". The height of the pagoda should be 46.6 meters. The existing Duobao pagoda, 20 meters high, was built by monks in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In terms of influence, Panshan Shaolin Temple is the only branch of Songshan Shaolin Temple in historical records, known as "North Shaolin Temple". After 2000 years of development and construction, there are many ancient buildings in Panshan, such as temples, temples, courtyards, nunneries, towers, platforms, pavilions, pavilions and bridges. According to Zhipu's records of Panshan, there are 22 temples, 2 courtyards, 29 nunneries, 10 quiet rooms, 9 temples, 5 platforms, 5 bridges, 1 village, 4 pavilions, 2 pavilions, 3 pagodas and more than 100 bone pagodas in Panshan, The only remaining relic pagodas of ancient Buddha and dingguang Buddha have been listed as municipal cultural relics protection units; Duobao pagoda and Puzhao Buddhist pagoda have been listed as county-level cultural relics protection units.

Poetry culture

Because of the wonderful scenery of Panshan

Chinese PinYin : Pan Shan Feng Jing Qu