Wutai Mountain Scenic Spot

Wutai Mountain is located in Wutai County, northeast Shanxi Province, with an average altitude of more than 1000 meters. The highest point, Yemen peak, is 3058 meters above sea level, known as the "roof of North China". Wutai Mountain covers an area of about 300 kilometers. It is named Wutai because the five peaks are like five pillars of heaven, rising from the ground and standing majestically. The peak is as flat as a platform. It is also called Qingliang mountain because of the cold climate and the lack of heat in midsummer. It is a tourist area integrating natural scenery, historical relics, ancient architectural art, Buddhist culture, folk customs and summer recuperation.

Mount Wutai is a famous Buddhist resort at home and abroad. It is also the ashram of Manjusri Bodhisattva. With its long history and grand scale of temple construction, Mount Wutai ranks first among the four famous Buddhist mountains, so it is known as jinwutai. Mount Wutai is also known as the world's five most sacred Buddhist sites along with Nepal's Lumbini garden, India's Luyeyuan, putikaya, and jushnagaya. It is famous in Japan, India, and Sri Lanka Lilanka, Myanmar, Nepal and other countries enjoy high reputation. Wutaishan temple was built in the Han and Ming Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 360 temples due to the prosperity of Manjusri belief. In the Qing Dynasty, with the introduction of Lamaism into Wutai Mountain, there appeared two distinctive temples, Qingmiao and huangmiao. The area surrounded by the top of five platforms in Wutai Mountain is called Tainei, and its periphery is called Taiwai.

It is said that Wutai was originally the site of Taoism. In the Taoist Scripture, Wutai Mountain was called Zifu mountain, and Zifu temple was once built. According to qingliangshanzhi, when the Buddhist Manjusri first came to China, he lived in the stone basin cave, and the stone basin was in the Taoist XuanZhen temple, which shows that Wutai Mountain was inhabited by Taoism at that time.

The introduction of Buddhism into Wutai Mountain is generally believed to have started in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to historical records, in December of the 10th year of Yongping (AD 67), the Han and Ming emperors sent envoys to the western regions to seek Dharma together with two Indian eminent monks, shemoteng and zhuflang, to Luoyang. In the 11th year of Yongping, photographer moteng and Zhu Fran came to Mount Wutai (called Qingliang mountain at that time) from Luoyang. Because there was Ashoka's relic Pagoda in the mountain for a long time, and Wutai Mountain was also the place where Manjusri Bodhisattva performed and lived, they wanted to build a temple here. However, because Wutai Mountain was the base of Taoism at that time, they were quite excluded, so they knew emperor Hanming. In order to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of Buddhism and Taoism, the Han court asked monks and Taoists to perform, explain and verify. Therefore, the two sides reached an agreement to set an appointment for burning scriptures to distinguish the true from the false. As a result of the burning, all the Taoist Scriptures were burned, but the Buddhist scriptures were as good as ever, so they got the right to build the temple.

Wutai Mountain Scenic Spot

Mount Wutai: National AAAAA tourist attraction, national key scenic spot, National Geopark, national natural and cultural heritage, top ten famous mountains in China, four famous Buddhist mountains in China, and five Buddhist holy places in the world.

Wutai Mountain is located in the northeast of Wutai County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province. It is located in 38 ° 50 '- 39 ° 05' north latitude and 113 ° 29 '- 113 ° 44' east longitude, with a radius of 250 km and a total area of 2837 square kilometers. With Taihuai town as the center, there are five peaks in the East, the west, the south, the north and the middle, which are higher than the cloud surface. There are no trees on the top of the mountain. For example, the terrace of earth is called Wutai. The highest point, yedoufeng, is 3058 meters above sea level, known as the "roof of North China".

Mount Wutai is Manjusri Bodhisattva's ashram, the only Buddhist ashram in China where the Green Temple and the Yellow Temple complement each other. There are 47 monasteries, 39 in Taiwan and 8 outside Taiwan, most of which are built by imperial edicts and paid homage to emperors. Famous ones are: Xiantong temple, Tayuan temple, Bodhisattva top, Nanshan Temple, dailuoding, Guangji temple, Wanfo Pavilion, etc.

Wutai Mountain, together with Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang Province, Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui Province and Emei Mountain in Sichuan Province, is known as the four famous Buddhist mountains in China; it is also known as the five sacred Buddhist sites in the world together with lampini garden in Nepal, Luyeyuan in India, putikaya in Bodhisattva and jushnaya.

Wutai Mountain is a tourist scenic spot integrating natural scenery, historical relics, ancient architectural art, Buddhist culture, folk Valley customs and summer recuperation.

Historical evolution

According to the records of Qingliang mountain written by Zhen Cheng, an eminent monk in the Ming Dynasty, the Dafu lingjiu Temple (now Xiantong Temple) was the earliest Buddhist temple in Wutai Mountain. It was first built in 68 A.D. (the 11th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty). It was ordered by Liu Zhuang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, when he invited Indian eminent monks to take photos of moteng and zhufran to preach the Dharma, and became one of the "ancestors of Shiyuan". In the Northern Qi Dynasty, there were more than 200 temples in Wutai Mountain, up to 360 in the Tang Dynasty. After Huichang destroyed Buddhism, there were 72 in the Song Dynasty, 104 in the Ming Dynasty, and 112 in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. There are 68 temples of seven dynasties since Tang Dynasty in Wutai Mountain scenic spot, including 9 national key cultural relics protection units and 6 provincial cultural relics protection units.

In November 1982, the State Council announced the first batch of Wutai Mountain scenic spots as "national key scenic spots".

In January 2001, the National Tourism Administration approved Wutai Mountain scenic spot as "the first batch of national AAAA scenic spots".

In May 2007, the National Tourism Administration approved Wutai Mountain scenic spot as "national AAAAA scenic spot".

In April 2015, the National Tourism Administration announced the special rectification action of the tourism market, and nine 5A scenic spots, including Wutai Mountain scenic spot in Xinzhou, Shanxi Province, were warned.

geographical environment

Location context

Wutai Mountain scenic spot is located in Wutai County, northeast of Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, with an average altitude of more than 1000 meters. The highest point, yedoufeng, is 3058 meters above sea level, known as the "roof of North China". Wutai Mountain covers an area of about 300 kilometers. It is named Wutai because the five peaks are like five pillars of heaven, rising from the ground and standing majestically. The peak is as flat as a platform.

Geology and geomorphology

Wutai Mountain scenic area is mainly mountainous area, which is an earth rock mountainous area. The mountains are continuous, the gullies are vertical and horizontal, and the terrain is extremely complex. The mountain trend in the whole area is from northeast to southwest, and gradually decreases from northeast to southwest. Its topography can be roughly divided into: mountainous area (about 13% of the total area) and hilly area (about 10% of the total area). The highest peak is 3061 meters above sea level, and the lowest is Pingshang village, the intersection of Qingshui River and Hutuo River, with an altitude of 624 meters and a relative height difference of 2434 meters.

Climatic characteristics

Wutai Mountain scenic spot belongs to warm temperate climate, but due to the high mountains, the barrier of East and West Mountains and the rugged terrain, Wutai Mountain scenic spot not only has some zonal climate characteristics, but also has some non zonal and vertical zonal climate characteristics. Many special and regional climatic and meteorological characteristics have been formed. Such as "a mountain has four seasons, ten miles different days", "mountainside snow, lightning, sunshine, the top of the blue sky high clouds" and so on. Also formed a highly ornamental, development of meteorological climate landscape tourism resources.

The common characteristics of continental climate are cold and dry in winter, high temperature in summer, concentrated precipitation, and rapid climate change in spring and autumn. Wutai Mountain scenic area is far away from the coast, with high average altitude, and surrounded by high mountains, so its continental character is more significant than other inland areas in the same latitude.

The average altitude of Wutai Mountain scenic area is higher, so the annual and monthly average temperature of the whole tourist area is lower than that of the same latitude. For example, the monthly average temperature in summer is 9.8 ° and that in Daixian is 23 ° in the near latitude. Winter is cold and long, far more than other latitudes. The severe cold period is 300-340 days, and there are "thousand year snow" and "ten thousand year ice" on the peak.

Because the mountain is tall, the southeast moist air flow climbs along with the trend, forming a certain terrain rain. The precipitation of Wutai Mountain is more than that of the same latitude area. The annual average precipitation of Wutai Mountain is 500 ~ 600mm, the rainy area is more than 800mm, and the maximum average precipitation of North platform top is more than 1000mm. The average annual precipitation in the surrounding area is less than 500 mm, and the minimum area is only 372 mm.

natural resources

Due to the diversity of various types of periglacial landforms and geological landforms, the biodiversity of Wutai Mountain scenic spot is created, and its vegetation distribution has obvious vertical zonality, forming a rare natural beauty zone. There are 595 kinds of plants in the region. Trollius, Rhododendron, experts identified as unique to China. There are many animals and birds living in the mountains, including the national first-class protected animal Golden Eagle. Entomologists have also found more than 20 new species of insects here.

The natural vegetation of Wutai Mountain scenic spot is mainly grassland, which is composed of meadow, grassland and shrub. It is an excellent summer pasture. There are also Obsidian mines of various colors, which are determined to be Obsidian of various colors. They have been mined and have amazing reserves. It has great economic value.

Main attractions

White Pagoda

The towering Nepalese style Dabai Pagoda in the Pagoda Temple of Wutai Mountain was built in the fifth year of Dade reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1301 AD). Besides the White Pagoda of Miaoying temple in Beijing, it is another masterpiece designed and built by aniko, a Nepalese craftsman. Tayuan temple is named after the pagoda. In history, the Tayuan temple and the Xiantong Temple beside it were originally a temple. This is the Tayuan of the original temple. In the seventh to tenth year of Wanli (1579-1582 AD), the temple was rebuilt to separate from Xiantong temple and become an independent temple, which was named Tayuan temple. Because there are Sakyamuni relic pagoda, Buddha's footprints and the pagoda of Manjusri Bodhisattva, the leader of Mount Wutai, the temple is regarded as a holy land by Buddhist believers. Sakyamuni Stupa, the ancient Nepalese style great white pagoda, has a beautiful shape, and it is located in Taihuai Town, the center of Wutai Mountain, surrounded by many temples, so it has become the symbol of Wutai Mountain, the first of China's four Buddhist holy places.

The neck of the Dabai pagoda is still thick, and its base and body are relatively thin,

Chinese PinYin : Wu Tai Shan Feng Jing Ming Sheng Qu