Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark

--Tianzhu Mountain is famous for its unique natural scenery and its main peak, such as "Qingtian Yizhu", is known as "the first mountain in Jianghuai River".

--There are seven scenic spots in the scenic spot, including Tianzhu peak, the highest peak, mysterious valley known as "the first secret house of granite", Zongguan village of Liuyuan Zha village, Liandan lake, etc.

--In addition, it is a gathering place of ancient Anhui culture, with nearly 400 square meters of cliff inscriptions of Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Wang Anshi and other literati.

--The traffic here is not very convenient, the interior of the scenic spot is not very big, except holidays and weekends, there are not many tourists at ordinary times.

Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark

Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark is located in Qianshan County, Anhui Province, at the junction of Yangtze and North China plates. It is an important section of the Dabie Mountain UHP metamorphic belt, recording the evolution process of subduction and collision of the two plates. The park covers an area of 135.12 square kilometers.

Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark is located on the 30 ° north latitude line. It is also a World Geopark, a national AAAAA tourist attraction, a national key scenic spot, a national civilized Forest Park and a natural and cultural heritage site of China.

Tianzhu Mountain is famous in the world for its largest scale, deepest exhumation, best exposure, and most abundant ultra-high pressure minerals and rocks in the Dabie Mountains. It is one of the most typical areas for studying continental dynamics. It is famous for its Granite Landforms on the Tan Lu fault zone, especially for its collapse and horst landforms ”It is recognized as "one of the birthplaces of mammals in Asia and a treasure house of paleo ridge animals".

Tianzhu Mountain Geopark was named National Geopark in 2005 and World Geopark in 2011.

In September 2015, Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark passed the first medium-term assessment of UNESCO.

geographical environment

Location context

Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark is located in Qianshan County, Anqing City, Anhui Province, Eastern China. The geographical coordinates are: 30 ° 35 ′ 17 "～ 30 ° 48 ′ 41" n and 116 ° 16 ′ 04 "～ 116 ° 33 ′ 41" E. With Qianhe river running through the park as the boundary, the park is divided into North and South parks, which is a natural geographical area composed of a single closed boundary, with the highest altitude of 1489.8 meters. The park covers an area of 135.12 square kilometers.

topographic features

Tianzhu Mountain belongs to the remaining vein of Dabie Mountain. The mountain area with independent peak gradually transits to the northeast and southwest hills. With the altitude decreasing, it is distributed in the middle mountain, low mountain, hills, basins, streams and other landforms. The hinterland of the main peak belongs to the middle mountain landform, with 47 peaks more than 1000 meters above sea level, which are divided by many canyons, forming the peak forest and peak cluster landscape. The periphery of the main peak belongs to low mountain landform, with an altitude of 500-1000 meters, and many waterfalls and well pools are distributed; under the main peak, there are multi-level Intermountain basins, with a small scale and an altitude of less than 1000 meters; the edge of Tianzhu Mountain is hilly landform, with an altitude of less than 500 meters, and monzonitic gneiss, biotite plagioclase gneiss, plagioclase amphibolite, eclogite, marble, etc. are all over. This combination of landforms constitutes a unique geological landscape of the park.

Climatic characteristics

Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with obvious seasonal change, mild climate, foggy and rainy, and long frost free period. The annual average temperature is about 9.5 ° C, the highest temperature is 38 ° C, and the lowest temperature is - 13.4 ° C. The annual average fog days are about 250 days, up to 300 days, at least 200 days, and the annual average sunshine time is less than 2000 hours. The annual rainfall days can reach 150 days at most, and the average rainfall over the years can reach 1900 mm at most.

hydrology

Due to abundant rainfall, Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark has formed hydrogeological landscapes such as well pools, waterfalls and streams. Streams distributed radially in the mountains flow into the phreatic water and Anhui water at the foot of Tianzhu Mountain, forming a pattern of "two water with one mountain". The two rivers are mountain stream rivers, showing a situation of steep rise and steep fall. The total length of diving is about 116 km. The length of diving through the park is 24.7 km. The highest water level over the years is 31.82 m, and the lowest water level is 28.1 M. the precipitation in normal years is 1.16 billion cubic meters. The total length of water in Anhui Province is about 120 km, the length of water flowing through the park is 32 km, and the precipitation in normal years is 991 million cubic meters.

natural resources

plant resources

Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark has good natural conditions and excellent ecological environment. The forest coverage rate of the main scenic area is 93%. The plant diversity is rich and the composition is complex. The vegetation is mainly the mid subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. It is a natural museum.

There are more than 1650 kinds of wild plants in the area, including 17 rare species, accounting for 85% of the national protected plants, and a variety of relict plants.

There are Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ginkgo biloba, xiangguoshu, Liriodendron, etc., which are first-class rare plants, second-class rare protected plants; second-class key protected plants are Pinus taiwanensis and Lianxiang trees in Dabie Mountains; second-class endangered plants tiannvhua and Tianma, etc.

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Animal resources

There are more than 300 kinds of wild animals in Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark, including giant salamander, white crowned pheasant, kitten, pangolin, maoguan deer, leopard, etc. Other common animals are hedgehog, South China rabbit, squirrel, porcupine, white mule, otter, wild boar, yellow sheep, etc.

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Geological relics

survey

Tianzhu Mountain World Geopark is located in the eastern part of Dabie orogenic belt of Central Orogenic System in China. It is the key part of the convergence, subduction and splicing of Paleozoic North China plate and Yangtze plate, Mesozoic continental collision orogeny and its composite part with Tanlu fault zone. The geological relics are preserved systematically and completely, mainly including the largest scale, the deepest exhumation, and the most abundant ultra-high pressure mineral and rock assemblage in the world The rich classic section of the Dabie UHP metamorphic belt, the magnificent granite peak forest peak cluster landform, the rare Paleocene mammalian fossils in Asia, the rich and colorful hydrogeological relics, the tectonic relics of the Dabie orogenic belt and the Tanlu fault zone, etc., record and witness the geological evolution history of the Tianzhu Mountain area for at least 2 billion years, which is known as the "Tianzhu Mountain of continental dynamics" "Ran lab", "the most beautiful granite landform in Tan Lu fault zone", "one of the cradles of Asian mammals".

Tan Lu fault zone

Tan Lu fault zone is a main fault zone in East Asia continent, which extends more than 2400 km in China and cuts through different tectonic units in eastern China. In the park, the boundary between the Dabie UHP metamorphic belt and the buried hill basin is formed. It plays an important role in the exhumation of the Dabie UHP metamorphic belt and the formation of the Xiongqi granite landform in Tianzhu Mountain.

Fold structure

The original straight rock layer is compressed by force, and plastic bending deformation occurs. One bending is called fold. If a series of wavy bending deformation occurs, it is called fold. Fold is a common geological structure in the crust. The large folds stretch for thousands of meters or even hundreds of kilometers, while the small ones are only a few centimeters long and can only be seen under a microscope. The fold structure here reveals the formation and evolution of the Dabie UHP metamorphic belt.

Yangmu River fault

The Muyang River fault is distributed along the Muyang River in NE direction. The early Cretaceous granite of 128 million years ago is located in the northwest and gneiss is located in the southeast. The protolith of gneiss is Neoproterozoic monzogranite of 771 million years ago.

Diamond bearing eclogite

Eclogite is associated with marble. Eclogite is a metamorphic rock, the main minerals are garnet and omphacite. The diamond develops tetrahedral and octahedral crystal forms and occurs in garnet of eclogite as inclusion. The occurrence of diamond inclusions indicates that the rocks here were once in an ultra-high pressure environment at a depth of 120 km or more, and experienced the collision, subduction and exhumation of the Yangtze plate and the North China plate in the past 230 million years.

Shuihou Wuhe shear zone

The Shuihou Wuhe shear zone starts from Wuhe in the West and passes through Shuihou town to Tianzhushan town. It is mainly composed of mylonitized rocks, tectonic gneisses and metamorphic mylonites. It is the boundary between the North Dabie metamorphic complex belt and the South Dabie ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt.

Monzonitic granitic gneiss (Matan)

The rock is grayish white, light flesh red, gneissic structure. The main minerals are plagioclase, potash feldspar and quartz. Minor minerals include biotite, muscovite, epidote and garnet. Its protolith is monzonitic granite, which was formed in Neoproterozoic 800 million years ago. Monzonitic granitic gneiss was formed by UHP metamorphism 230 million years ago.

Metagranite

Metamorphic granite is a kind of rock formed by deep metamorphism of granite under high temperature or high pressure. The mineral composition is similar to granite, mainly composed of plagioclase, quartz and biotite. Its protolith is trondhjemite, which was formed 726 million years ago and experienced ultra-high pressure metamorphism 230 million years ago, and is characterized by aegirine, aegirine pyroxene and garnet.

Main landscape

Stone

Granite along the horizontal

Chinese PinYin : Tian Zhu Shan Shi Jie Di Zhi Gong Yuan