Yishan

Yishan, also known as Dongshan in ancient times. "Confucius ascended Dongshan and Xiaolu, ascended Taishan and xiaotianxia.". Dongshan in this article refers to Yishan mountain. It stands 10 kilometers south of Zoucheng City, the hometown of Mencius, the famous historical and cultural city of China, and on the side of Beijing Shanghai railway and Beijing Fuzhou Expressway. It has beautiful and unique natural landscape and is known as "the wonder of Dainan" and "Zou Lu Xiuling".

Yishan, also known as "zouyi mountain", "Zoushan mountain" and "Dongshan mountain", with an altitude of 582.8 meters, is a national AAAA scenic spot. In the north of the mountain, it is beautiful, with Phoenix peaks in the East and Zhenghu Lake in the West. It is famous for its unique characteristics of overlapping rocks, exquisite caves, and the combination of the grandeur of Mount Tai, the wonder of Mount Huangshan, and the danger of Mount Huashan. The natural landscape in the mountain is beautiful and peculiar, and the cultural landscape is rich and colorful. There are many places of interest. Therefore, in Tang and Song Dynasties, there were five wonders, seven dragon caves, eight section brocade, twelve blessed places and twelve famous springs; in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there were thirty-six wonders and three hundred famous stones; in Qing Dynasty, there were twenty-four sceneries, thirty-six caves, seventy-two temples and one hundred sceneries of Yishan. At the same time, Yishan is also tiemajinge's "important place for military strategists" and a place for cultivating truth called "miaoguang Dongtian" by Taoists.  

Yishan

Yishan, also known as "zouyishan", "Zoushan" and "Dongshan", stands 10 kilometers southeast of Zoucheng City, Jining City, Shandong Province, the "hometown of Confucius and Mencius", east of national highway 104 and Beijing Shanghai railway, west of Beijing Fuzhou Expressway and Beijing Shanghai high speed railway. The mountain system is nearly 30 kilometers long from southeast to northwest, with the main peak of Yishan at an altitude of 582.8 meters.

Although mount Yi is not high, it is famous for its unique natural beauty as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties. It is known as "the wonder of Dainan", "Zou Lu Xiuling", "the most wonderful mountain in the world" and "the famous mountain in Qilu". It is one of the nine famous historical and cultural mountains in ancient China. Confucius, Mencius, Qin Shihuang, Li Si, Sima Qian, Hua Tuo, Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Dongpo, Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, Huang Tingjian, Dong Qichang, Zheng Banqiao, etc. have all boarded the range rover. More than 300 famous cliff inscriptions and steles left by them add strange historical and cultural luster to mount Yi.

Yishan scenic spot is a national AAAA scenic spot.

Location context

Yishan is one of the six mountain systems in Zoucheng City. Yishan mountain system was once called longyi mountain system. It is along the east side of Zoucheng City section of Beijing Shanghai railway. It starts from the northern suburb of the city and extends southeast to Longshan, stretching 29.5 kilometers.

In a narrow sense, Yishan mountain is the main peak of Yishan mountain system. It is located 12 kilometers southeast of Zoucheng City, Shandong Province, with a circumference of about 10 kilometers, covering an area of 6 square kilometers and an altitude of 582.8 meters. Yishan is about 110 kilometers away from Mount Tai to the northwest. "Dongshan" in "Confucius ascends Dongshan and Xiaolu, ascends Taishan and xiaotianxia" refers to Yishan. It is adjacent to the peaks of Fenghuang mountain system in the East, the ancient city of Ying kingdom in the south, the Beijing Shanghai railway in the west, and Mount Tai in the north. It is known as "Zou Lu Xiu Ling", "Dainan wonder" and "Lingtong Tai Dai".

Main peaks

Yishan mountain system, including more than 20 peaks, has 14 main peaks. In addition to Yishan, there are Longshan, Zhushan, Hujiashan (also known as Hujiashan and Yangshan), jiyushan (also known as Jieyu mountain), Tangkou mountain, Xiaoya mountain, Yashan, Guoshan, Jinshan, Puyang mountain, Hushan and Gangshan in the mountain system.

Yishan mountain is located 12 kilometers southeast of Zoucheng City, with an altitude of 582.8 meters. It is also known as Yishan mountain, Zoushan mountain and Dongshan mountain, with a radius of more than 10 kilometers. The mountains are full of strange peaks and rocks, steep and steep, deep caves, mutual access, and many pines, cypresses, springs, and historical sites. It can be said that it is a step-by-step scene. It is listed as a scenic spot in Shandong Province.

Longshan, located 26 kilometers southeast of Zoucheng City and south of Shanyin village, is 411 meters above sea level.

Zhushan, located 6 kilometers northeast of Zoucheng City and northwest of zhushanzhuang, is 207 meters above sea level.

Hujiashan (also known as Hujiashan and Yangshan) is located 2.5km southeast of Zoucheng City and south of Dahu village, with an altitude of 215m. It has been built into a park.

Jiyushan (also known as jieyushan), located 4.2km southeast of Zoucheng City and north of jiulijian village, is 283m above sea level.

Tangkou mountain is located 4.75 kilometers south of Zoucheng City and north of jiulijian village, with an altitude of 332 meters.

Xiaoya mountain is located 5.75 kilometers southeast of Zoucheng City, west of gaohuangpu village, with an altitude of 260 meters.

Yashan, located 6.75 kilometers southeast of Zoucheng City, southwest of gaohuangpu village, is 374 meters above sea level.

Guoshan, located 12.5km southeast of Zoucheng City and south of jiwangcheng village, is 247m above sea level.

Jinshan is located 18.5km southeast of Zoucheng City, northeast of jinshanzhuang village, 195 meters above sea level.

Puyang mountain, located 18.5km southeast of Zoucheng City and northeast of liuxiayi village, is 251.2m above sea level. At the foot of the mountain is the Majia mountain site.

Hushan, located 22 kilometers southeast of Zoucheng City, east of Libai village, is 266 meters above sea level.

Tieshan, located in the northern suburb of Zoucheng City, is 146 meters above sea level. There are cliff carvings in the mountains.

Gangshan, located 1 km north of Zoucheng City, is 234 meters above sea level. There are stone carvings on the mountain.

Geology and geomorphology

Since the Archean period of 2.5 billion years ago, Mount Yi has experienced three times of sinking and four times of rising. During the Archean period 2.5 billion years ago, the middle part of Shandong Province was a part of the ancient trough, which was filled with thick mud, sand and volcanic materials. In a sudden strong orogeny, the strata folded and uplifted, the underground magma erupted upward, immersed into the covered strata, and rushed out of the surface (the monzonitic granite around the Yishan mountain is a part of it). Then, with the continuous movement of the earth's crust, the ancient Yi mountain rose to the ground, which is the first rise of the Yi mountain. In the early Paleozoic era 600 million years ago, the North China area declined greatly, and the ancient Yishan mountain sank into the sea again. 400 million years ago, the North China region rose as a whole, and the sea water retreated to form the continental plateau. Mount Yi rose for the second time.

300 million years ago, North China declined to shallow water and lakes. The climate is mild and humid, and the trees are luxuriant. A large number of trees are buried in the sand to form coal seams, sandstone, shale and limestone sedimentary strata. For the third time, Yishan is covered by thick rock strata. 100 million years ago, the orogeny rose again, the crust and rock strata were broken, the rise and fall, the valley and peak crisscross, the Yishan mountain rose rapidly and got the third rise. During the Himalayan orogeny 30 million years ago, the fault block continued to strengthen, coupled with various complex geological processes, the Yishan mountain was uplifted for the fourth time, standing majestically in the world. The formation of Yishan is a typical plagioclase granite mountain formed in the Taishan period of Archean. It is the most distant sea erosion rock mountain in the world. According to the investigation, the formation of giant rocks and caves in Yishan mountain is the product of the cooling of the earth's magma, and the wave is the driving force for the formation of sea erosion caves.

The plagioclase granite on Yishan mountain is the first one in the strata according to its formation sequence, which was formed shortly after the earth's magma cooled 2.5 billion years ago. After a long period of weathering and denudation, the hard granite has been abraded to remove its edges and corners, and its shape is blunt and smooth. Although there is no large fault in Yishan, there are many kinds of dikes, and there are "amphibolite dikes" about 10 meters wide. On the platform of Yingwen temple, there is a huge dark rock standing on the edge of the collapse. The hard amphibolite is mottled and uneven. There are amphibolite dikes from the former site of Yiyang academy to Taohua cave and Panlong cave. There are many sea eroded caves formed by the erosion of waves on Mount Yi. In Archean times, Yishan was an ancient sea area. 500 million years ago, there was a vast ocean here. Cambrian and Ordovician limestone distributed in Dashu in the northeast and Shiqiang in the southwest of Yishan. In the vast ocean, the roaring waves cut through the caves and swept away the captured bodies attached to the amphibolite; the sea water retreated to wash away the small things such as sediment; after several earthquakes, Mount Yi gradually rose, and finally formed an altitude of 582.8 meters, forming a delicate cave landscape.

In 2018, Yishan was selected as the eighth batch of National Geoparks in China. The total area of the park is 12.56 square kilometers, and its central location is 117 ° 1'22 "E and 35 ° 1'11" n. It is a scenic spot characterized by rare granite landforms, landscapes, strange rocks, dangerous peaks, secluded caves, Lingquan, collapse landforms and other geological relics. It has high geological research, historical and cultural research value.

Cultural relics

Yishan scenic spot

"The mountains around Lu are arrogant, but there is no wonder in their exquisite appearance" (Zou Shanzhi). There are 24 sceneries, five wonders, 20 famous stones (there are 300 mountains in the yuan and Ming Dynasties), 12 blessed places, 36 caves in Yiyang (there are 36 caves in the sun, the Yin, the East and the west of Yishan, totally 144 famous caves), 72 temples (there were 288 temples built on Yishan). The records are as follows:

24 scenes

The essence of Yishan landscape is twenty-four.

Chinese PinYin : Yi Shan