Shexiang Museum

Based on the national key cultural relic protection unit "Shexiang tomb", Shexiang museum is a comprehensive museum integrating the collection, display and research of the history and culture of Yi people in Northwest Guizhou and the former Shuixi area. Covering an area of 2500 square meters, the exhibition hall covers an area of 1600 square meters. The exhibition hall is divided into five parts: History Museum, astronomy and calendar Museum, ethnic customs Museum, cultural life Museum, folk arts and Crafts Museum and Shexiang theme museum.

Shexiang Museum

Shexiang Museum, located in the southeast corner of Shexiang cemetery, 0.5 km north of Dafang County, covers an area of 1600 square meters. On May 1, 1993, the foundation was laid and construction started. It took 11 months to complete. It was completed on April 16, 1994. It is the first museum in Southwest China in the name of national historical figures.

Development history

The museum is an antique building with Yi traditional architectural art characteristics and unique form. The whole layout, compact structure, overlapping buildings, as if the wall, majestic, magnificent weather.

The history books are called "Lu Lu Bu" or "Shui Xi Yi". In the Shu Han Dynasty, Tuo Azhen was the king of Luodian and established the capital generously; in the early Ming Dynasty, there were some prosperous periods, such as Madame Shexiang's taking photos of Xuanwei envoys in Guizhou and opening up the nine post of Longchang.

She is a heroine who has made great achievements in maintaining national unity and national unity in Chinese history. In the 600 years since she Xiang's death, her tomb has undergone many vicissitudes of life, with a yellow scholar named Judas, and passers-by hanging on the barren smoke cage, hoping to know the plaintiffs. In 1664 ad, it was the third year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. When Wu Sangui, the king of Pingxi, led his troops to "suppress Shuixi", he was destroyed by the war. In 1833, an Ganxin, a descendant of Shexiang, opened nine post houses on behalf of his husband. He said that he was a meritorious official in the country and a chaste wife at home. He asked wendading government to repair the ancestral Tomb of Lady Shunde. At that time, the Dading government put the case on file and wrote: "Madam Shunde is very loyal and has strong ambition. She is famous for her Chinese and foreigners. The road leads to Jiuyi, chisels the mountain and works as a rock; he sits in Baiman and gives his surname Diebao Sangye. It's a great man of all ages. Fortunately, he's here. He should be rewarded to encourage his sincerity. " Later, Wang Xukun, the magistrate of Dading, and Wu Songliang, the magistrate of Qianxi, presided over the restoration of the tomb in the 18th year of Daoguang (A.D. 1838). The tomb was surrounded with stone and sealed with soil. On the other hand, the facade and epitaph steles were erected, and the "hometown of Lady Shexiang" stone was placed beside the road. Since the founding of the Republic of China, it has been on the verge of destruction due to lack of management. In 1960, the people's government carried out the development policy, seriously evaluated and affirmed the historical achievements of Shexiang, and carried out the preliminary maintenance of Shexiang tomb, which was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit in Guizhou. In the 1980s, the reform and opening-up led to the prosperity of the country, the contribution of women, and the prosperity of the country. Since 1985, the central government, provincial and county governments have allocated funds to repair Shexiang tombs. In January 1988, with the approval of the State Council, Shexiang tomb was a national key cultural relics protection unit.

architectural composition

The repaired Shexiang tomb was restored to its original appearance in scale and structure. It covers an area of 20000 square meters. The tomb is surrounded by stone and sealed with earth, 4.5 meters high, 6 meters in diameter, and 18.84 meters in circumference. It is built in 9 plates of xumizuo style, each plate is made of 36 pieces of refined white stone, which is 4 times of 9. The sixth circle is made of 9 plates and 9 columns with high relief, which is composed of tiger head pattern on the column and 9 dragon and 9 tiger deformation pattern on the plate. The Ninth Circle is made of tile tube and 72 tiles with tiger surface relief. The first platform is 46.8 meters long, and the middle is 9 meters wide. There are three 120x60 cm balustrades on the left and right sides of the platform, and three 120x80 cm relief balustrades on the left and right sides of the platform. The second platform is 23.4 meters long, There are still 9 steps in the middle, 3 railings and 3 columns on the left and right, 18 railings and 20 columns on the left and right platforms. One tombstone, 3.6 meters high and 1.45 meters wide, is erected on the central axis of the first platform. On the surface of the tombstone, there are 14 characters of "Madame Ming Shunde photographed the tomb of Shexiang, Xuanwei envoy of Guizhou" in Yi and Chinese, and 248 characters of five character poem "praise of Madame Shexiang" on the back. In front of the first platform, there is a pair of stone lions on the left and right, each 2.6 meters high; in front of the platform, the Shinto is 7 meters wide and 70 meters long, and there is a pair of Huabiao with a total height of 6.4 meters. Under the Huabiao are 16 pieces and 16 columns of 120x80 cm white stone relief pillars, on the Huabiao are cloud crane high relief, and the top is sitting beast. The cemetery is surrounded by antique maqianhan walls, with pools, pavilions, stone railings, bridges, flowers, trees and lawns.

The museum is an antique building with Yi traditional architectural art characteristics and unique form. All the buildings are shaped according to the undulating terrain of high in the East and low in the West. The platform of white stone fort ridge is built in three levels, and then the hall, the middle hall, the back building and the two chamber gallery are built. The houses on each echelon are white stone fort ridge, blue brick wall, green tile roof, red paint pillars, carved doors and windows, and oxfoot brackets; the roof of Xieshan style is in the shape of flame rising, and the two ends are ten days in the shape of a dragon; the half doors and half windows arranged in the cantilevered style are equipped with exquisite wood carvings, and the carvings of deer, crane, and wild goose on the windows are smooth, simple, vigorous, lifelike, and full of charm On the whole, the front hall looks like a tiger's eyes are wide open, and it looks like a distant view. On the gate is a combination of Yi and Chinese, and the plaque of "Shexiang Museum" is in the center. There are half moon stone steps in front of the gate. The middle hall is higher than the hall. There are guardrails and stone steps. It forms a double-layer courtyard with the hall and the two chamber gallery. The double eaves Pavilion at the back of the hall is like a dragon looking back. The whole layout is compact, with overlapping buildings, as if standing on a wall, majestic and majestic. The architectural art of Shexiang museum can make people experience the artistic conception of Crouching Tiger and Tibetan dragon. On the lawn under the stone steps of the main entrance of Shexiang museum stands the bronze statue of Lady Shexiang. This lifelike and dignified sculpture reproduces the heroic demeanor of the broad-minded Yi woman politician who lived in the frontier 600 years ago.

Totem worship

The site of Shexiang tomb was originally the site where the ancient Yi philosophers built the castle of Luodian kingdom. According to the records of Southwest Yi annals, the origin of the six ancestors, tuoazhe, the 25th grandson of Deshi, the forefather of the Mo tribe of the Yi people in Shuixi, Guizhou Province, made an alliance with Zhuge Kongming in the third year of Jianxing (225 A.D.) of the Shu Han Dynasty, helped Kongming in the southern part of chu'ao mountain, and was canonized as the king of Luodian, and ordered him to govern Mukuai (now Dafang). So the capital was built here, and the castle was built. The name of the state is "muoge" in Yi and "Luodian" in Han. The Yi people in Shuixi regard "dragon" and "tiger" as their totems and worship them as their ancestors. They call themselves "Nuosu" or "nishu", which means "the land of dragon and tiger" and "the land of tiger". In Han Dynasty, they call themselves "Lulu tribe" and "Luodian". According to this, it can be called the place where the tiger regrets the dragon.

The nine storey platform of Shexiang mausoleum is full of people, dragons, tigers and Yi elephants. The tomb is located in the north and south. On the left side is a "green dragon", which is the Yunlong mountain with "ten thousand mountains encircling the ground and one ridge supporting the sky". When you look at it, it is full of mountains, clouds and mists. It is like a sea, which will make you feel broad-minded and lofty. On the right side is a "living dragon", which is the first high-grade highway in Northwest Guizhou, which has been opened to traffic and is flowing continuously. It is from Dafang County to Sichuan River, the Dana highway directly connected with the Yangtze River water transport. In front of it, there is a wave and wind platform "driving to the South", and then there is Jiangjun mountain "sitting in the north". Against the beautiful scenery of the surrounding mountains and forests, the layout of Shexiang tomb is more magnificent, solemn and majestic. The reliefs and carvings of the board column, tile tube, tile, guardrail and Huabiao on the Wai tomb table are exquisite, the knife technique is simple, the shape is vivid, and the shape is vigorous. All of them are vivid images of dragons and tigers in different shapes, which clearly reflects the unique traditional cultural connotation and artistic style of the Yi people, and has high aesthetic value.

The totem worship of worshiping dragon and tiger is the spiritual and cultural symbol of Yi ancestors. It is also the cultural link of the Chinese nation with the Han nationality as the main body. It has a long history. The water is connected with China in the west, and the same vein comes from each other. As a historical witness of national unity and integration of Yi and Han, Shexiang tomb carries forward the tradition and inspires the future generations. It is not only a vivid textbook for promoting national unity, patriotism and historical materialism education, but also a unique cultural landscape for people at home and abroad to visit northwest Guizhou.

The development of Yi Nationality

Shexiang museum displays the historical and cultural brilliance of ancient Shuixi Yi people living in Northwest Guizhou with Dafang as the political, economic and cultural center. Yi nationality is a nation with a long history and ancient civilization. After they moved to Guizhou, they developed and multiplied in a large area to the west of Yachi river for a long time. In the Shu Han Dynasty, Tuo Azhen was the king of Luodian and established the capital generously; in the early Ming Dynasty, there were some prosperous periods, such as Madame Shexiang's taking photos of Guizhou and opening up the nine post of Longsheng. After a long process of social development, the Yi people in Shuixi have created a splendid culture with their own characteristics in practice. There are six exhibition rooms in the museum, which collect a large number of ancient books in Yi language, traditional culture, art and other items of Yi society, especially ancient books in Yi language and inscriptions on bronze and stone

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