Pure Land Temple

Pure Land Temple

Pure Land Temple, also known as Dongdu pure land Taoist temple, was built in the first year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 404). Located on the East Bank of nanyishui River in Longmen Grottoes, Luoyang, and on the dolomite among the giant reclining Buddhas in Changshou mountain, Yichuan, in front of the mountain gate is the confluence of "dingmeng spring" and "Daojian spring" flowing from east to west, which is called "Erlong Xizhu" treasure land. The mausoleum of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Pure Land Temple are in the same north-south axis.

Unearthed from the Pure Land Temple is a stone inscription of "Yunshan relic tower" from the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty to the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1285 A.D.). The word "Yunshan" highlights that the dolomite where the Pure Land Temple is located is like auspicious white clouds falling here. It is similar to the description in Guangcheng Fu of Han Dynasty that "at the beginning of the Great Han Dynasty, the house was built in Tianyi, the meeting of wind and rain, and the harmony of yin and Yang. Kui Jue's spirit was confined, and his camp was in the southern suburbs.

"The old book of Tang Dynasty" records: "monk Xuanzang, surnamed Chen, was born in Yanshi, Luozhou. He became a monk at the end of Daye and became a monk in the pure land Taoist center of Dongdu." The volume 50 of Dazheng collection and the volume of CI en Zhuan said: "his second elder brother Jie Xian became a monk and lived in the east capital Pure Land Temple. Master Cha was able to preach the Dharma, because he was able to recite the Scriptures In 612, the eighth year of Daye of emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, Zheng shanguo, the Minister of Dali temple, was granted 27 monks. Chen, who followed his second elder brother Chang Jie to study Buddhism in the Pure Land Temple, was accepted as a monk. He was 13 years old and was named Xuanzang. Later, he went to the west to learn from the Scriptures. "In the preface to the Sanzang holy religion of the Tang Dynasty written by Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, he said that" master Xuanzang is the leader of the Dharma school. He is young and has a good understanding of the three empty hearts, a long understanding of the expression, and a four forbearance journey. Songfengshui month, not enough than its Qinghua, Xianlu Mingzhu, Chen can square its Lang run It's to travel to the western regions in the pure land of Qiaoxin. Snow flying in the morning, lost ground on the way, startled sand rising in the evening, lost in the sky. Thousands of miles of mountains and rivers, dial clouds and clouds into the shadow. A hundred heavy colds and heats, the frost and rain are creeping forward. " This paper narrates the historical fact that Xuanzang became a monk in the pure land temple since he was a child, and from the Pure Land Temple "zhangce lonely expedition, to travel to the western regions" to the west to learn scriptures

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Temple History

The Pure Land Temple was founded in 404 years of the Northern Wei Dynasty. It was a royal temple in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and it was called the east capital pure land Taoist temple.

The name of "pure land" of Pure Land Temple comes from the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the temple was officially built in 404 of the Northern Wei Dynasty. There is guangchengze in the southeast of Luojing yique south new city, which is the Forbidden Garden of Tianyi Spirit Park. It is recorded in "Ode to Guangcheng" written by Ma Rong in the book of the later Han Dynasty: "it is based on the early foundation of the Great Han Dynasty, and it is built in Tianyi. It is the meeting of wind and rain and the harmony of yin and Yang. Kui Jue was in the south suburb.

As a result, he lived in gaowu, where he lived in the west garden, where he lived in the Qilin. He was able to shake in the universe forever. His descendants, who have been rich in hundreds of billions, have lived for thousands of years. The rites and music are from the north to the north, from the new town, back to the yique, and back to Luojing. " At that time, there were two Indian monks in Baima Temple who translated Buddhist scriptures. In their busy schedule, the imperial court invited them to visit guangchengze, the Royal Garden in the southern suburb of Luoyang. When they returned to Luoyang, they went to Xincheng and passed Luan Yugou, where a Qingqing stream flowed from east to West and many Luan birds bathed in the stream. Beside the stream are clean white rocks. Two Indian monks can't help but praise that this place is really a rare holy land.

According to the records of Wei Shu and other historical materials, in the first year of Tianxing (398) of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Tuoba Li established its capital in Pingcheng, called emperor Jianyuan and Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty. It wanted to develop in Heluo area of the Yellow River Basin. However, Yao Xing of the later Qin Dynasty was the first to capture Luoyang, the ancient capital of the Central Plains. In the third year of Long'an (399) of the later Qin Dynasty, Yang Fosong, the general of the eastern Qin Dynasty, attacked Luoyang, the ancient capital. He was tenaciously resisted by Xia houzongzhi, the governor of Henan Province in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After a long time, he turned to the east to sweep the Baigu (now Southeast of Yanshi, Henan Province), and moved more than 20000 households around him to Guanzhong. After that, the army of the later Qin Dynasty surrounded Luoyang again. At this time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was unable to go to the north. Xin Gongjing, the new Taishou, sent people to ask the Northern Wei Dynasty to send troops to liberate. In the book of Wei, Taizu Ji: "in the autumn and July of the second year of Tianxing (399), Tianhua hall was built. More than ten thousand refugees from Chenjun and Henan moved in and sent envoys to save them. Yao xingpai surrounded Luoyang, and Sima Dezong general Xin Gongjing asked for help. In August, Emperor Daowu sent his Taiwei Mu Chong to ride 6000 horses. Before he arrived, Gong Jing was defeated, and the imperial edict was the king of Zhenye.

In 402, the army of the Northern Wei Dynasty attacked the later Qin Dynasty. Several Wei troops attacked together, and the soldiers were in ruins. In May (402), tuobafen encircled the army of the later Qin Dynasty in chaibi (now Xiangfen south of Shanxi Province) on the East Bank of Fenshui River. The army of the later Qin Dynasty gradually ran out of grain. Yao Xing sought peace with tuobafen in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was even more unable to compete with the Northern Wei Dynasty, and gave up the area north of Huaihe River. Therefore, the Northern Wei army won Luoyang and the vast area north of the Huaihe River. Emperor Daowu tuobafen thanks God for bestowing the land of Heluo on the Northern Wei Dynasty. It's really "Heaven's blessing", so he changed his name to heaven's blessing.

The origin of the temple's name

In the first year of Tianci (404), the new city government of the Northern Wei Dynasty established a temple at the junction of the southern Qin Zheng, Qin Chu and Zhou Chu ancient roads in Luoyang, which is located at the Yang of luanyugou. Therefore, the site is clean BAISHIYAN, hence the name of pure land temple.

In 483, before the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang, officials of Xincheng (Yichuan) County, where the Pure Land Temple is located, excavated the first Guyang cave Grottoes in Longmen of yique and created the main Buddha statue. Ten years later, Emperor Xiaowen decided to move the capital in the 17th year of Taihe (493 AD). In October of winter, wuyinshuo is lucky for Jinyong city. The emperor ordered Sikong Muliang and Shangshu Li Chong to be the great craftsman, Dong Jue, and the first emperor of Luojing.

In the same period or later, there were also some famous Buddhist relics in the area near the Pure Land Temple, such as Songshan (Dengfeng) Shaolin Temple, (Yichuan Yaling) Shifo temple, (Songxian Tianhu) pugou grottoes, (Yichuan gezhai) Luzhai grottoes, (Yanshi) Shuiquan grottoes, (Mianchi) kongxiang Temple, Hongqing temple, and (Yiyang) Hutou grottoes.

Related allusions

The foundation of the main hall and the parapet of the Pure Land Temple is made of white stone like white clouds, which is in line with the saying that "a monk is a rare pure land".

Tang Xuanzang (AD 600-664), known as Tang monk, was a famous Buddhist master. He became a monk in the Pure Land Temple. He took the first step to learn Buddhist scriptures from the West. He became a Buddhist celebrity known to women and children for more than 1000 years. Xuanzang, formerly known as Chen Yi, was born in chenbaogu, Gou's family, Luozhou (now Chenhe village, Gou's family, Yanshi). His father Chen Hui was the magistrate of Jiangling County in Sui Dynasty. In the 20th year of emperor kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (600 years), Chen Huixi was born a young man with beautiful features and upright face. Chen county magistrate, who believed in Buddhism, held his young son in front of the Buddha statue and asked the Buddha to give him a name. Just as the wind blew on the robe, the child got the name "Yi", which means "clothes of the Buddha."

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In 612 ad, Xuanzang became a monk in Jingtu temple, the eastern capital of China. According to the biography of master Sanzang of dacien temple, biography of continued eminent monks, old book of the Tang Dynasty, new book of the Tang Dynasty and other ancient documents, as well as the stone tablets unearthed from the Pure Land Temple, the general arrangement is as follows:

There are famous "wulisan temples" in Baiyuan Township, longmenkou, Luoyang, which are Qingliang temple in Xiabao village, Pure Land Temple in shuiniugou village and Jinshan Temple in Baiyuan village. Zhang Wende, a native of the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem "a visit to the pure land, cool and Jinshan temples in spring": "when you come late to collect dew and cook tea buds, there is no dog in the ancient temple to protect your family. In front of the terrace, the clouds surround the Epiphyllum. Putuan half Na with Chenopodium branches, Sherry beads hidden papaya. In order to ask the old monk where to go, the clouds lock the peaks. The location of the three temples is very unique. From a distance, a giant Guanyin Bodhisattva lies on the East Bank of the Yi River.

Temple host

The Pure Land Temple is located on a natural Baiyun rock in the south of yique in Longmen, which has the meaning of "a rare pure land for monks". Moreover, it is located on the same axis as the tomb of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty in Mangshan, Luoyang. In 1978, a stone tablet was unearthed from the canal near the Pure Land Temple, which was recorded in 1532, the 11th year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty. It was signed by the abbots of temples in various counties in Luoyang and Fengxue temple in Ruzhou. According to the inscriptions in the record of the temple in the pure land, the temple "has been granted by heaven since the end of the year, and has been in the Song Dynasty and the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.". Tianci is the fourth year name of tuobayu, Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

This year is from October 404 to 409, a total of six years. Yanhe (432-435) is the year name of tuobatao of Taiwu emperor in Northern Wei Dynasty, which lasted for three years. In front of the temple canal, there is also a stele named "Yiyang pure land Buddhist statues and ode" in 1542, which says: "Luoyang Guanzi is under the official forest, on the right side of dingmeng spring, and Zhanbei Shuiyu is called pure land. It is worshiped all over the world, and the appearance of palace walls and temples. Winding green dragon, tame white tiger, Xuanwu hang head, Zhuque Xiang to According to the biography of shixuanzang in dacien temple, Volume 4 of the biography of continued eminent monks by Tang daoxuan, "brother Su is a monk, that is master Changjie. The appearance is magnificent. To explain the meaning of the classics, to unite the class and the group. Live in Dongdu Pure Land Temple. It's a good idea to use Zang as a young man to be poor and cool. The volume 50 of Dazheng collection and the volume of CI en Zhuan said: "his second elder brother Jie Xian became a monk and lived in the east capital Pure Land Temple. Master Cha was able to preach the Dharma, because he was able to recite the Scriptures

Chen Yi likes Buddhism by nature. After coming to the Pure Land Temple, he became interested in Buddhism under the influence of the pure land environment of Buddhism. He took his elder brother Chang Jie as his teacher and devoted himself to studying Buddhism. In Volume 51 of Dazheng collection, there is a preface to the records of the western regions of the Tang Dynasty written by Zhang Shuo of Tang Dynasty, which says: "your elder brother, master Changjie, is the pillar of Buddhism. I'm good at Dragon and elephant. I'm good at it

Chinese PinYin : Jing Tu Si