Xin'anjiang hydropower station

Xin'anjiang hydropower station is a national industrial tourism demonstration site. As the first "three self" power station in China (self-designed, self-made equipment and self built), it has witnessed the 50 years of wind and rain history of hydropower development in New China. It is the pilot building of all high water level intercepting wide slit gravity dams in China, and is known as the "test field of the Three Gorges water control project" Chenghu has a reservoir area of 106 square kilometers and a water storage capacity of more than 17.8 billion cubic meters. When the water level is normal, the average water depth is 37.5 meters, submerging one and a half county towns, making many original hills become today's small islands. From the air, you can see many small Islands falling like green beads in thousands of hectares of green waves, creating a famous tourist attraction at home and abroad - Qiandao Lake.

Xin'anjiang hydropower station

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Xin'anjiang hydropower station is located near the former Tongguan Town, Jiande County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province,

On Xin'an River, a tributary of Qiantang River, it is 170 kilometers away from Hangzhou city. Xin'anjiang hydropower station is the first large-scale hydropower station in China with its own survey, design, construction and manufacturing equipment, reflecting the level of China's hydropower construction in the 1950s. The project was started in April 1957, and the first unit generated electricity in April 1960. The total installed capacity of the power station is 662.5 MW, the guaranteed output is 178 MW, and the average annual power generation for many years is 1.86 billion kwh. The power station is mainly responsible for peak load regulation, frequency regulation and emergency standby of East China power grid, and has comprehensive benefits of flood control, irrigation, shipping and breeding.

On April 12, 2019, it was selected as the "second batch of China's industrial heritage protection list" sponsored by the Publicity Department of China Association for science and technology and co sponsored by the Innovation Strategy Research Institute of China Association for science and technology and China Society of urban planning.

Until December 31, 2020, nine scenic spots, including Xin'anjiang hydropower station, will be open to medical workers all over the country for free.

Basic situation

Xin'anjiang hydropower station is the first large-scale water conservancy and power station designed, self-made equipment and constructed by itself in China. It is known as "the experimental field of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River". It is an example of the socialist system concentrating its efforts to do great things. It is a monument in the history of China's water conservancy and power industry and a masterpiece of the Chinese people's hard work and wisdom. It has accumulated valuable experience for the national construction of large-scale hydropower stations, and has also imported a large number of talents for many large and medium-sized hydropower stations in China. Pan Jiazheng, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering and the Chinese Academy of engineering, as well as Chai Songyue, Ge Hongsheng, sun Huafeng, Su Liqing, Zhong Boxi and other outstanding figures, have been trained in Xin'anjiang hydropower station and successively taken up leading posts at the provincial and ministerial level. During the construction and operation of the power station, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Guo Moruo, Xie Jianying, Li Xiannian, Zhu Rongji, Qiao Shi, Qiao Shi, Qi, and so on all visited the power station.

Xin'anjiang hydropower station is located near the former Tongguan town of Jiande county. The upstream of the power station covers an area of 10480 square kilometers, with an average annual flow of 357 cubic meters per second and an average annual runoff of 11.3 billion cubic meters. The dam is a concrete wide joint gravity dam with a maximum height of 105 meters and a total crest length of 466.5 meters. At the top of the dam in the riverbed, a 9-hole open spillway is set, with the maximum discharge of 13200 cubic meters per second. The power house is located at the toe of the dam in the river bed, which is overflow type on the top of the power house. The power house is equipped with nine hydro generating units, with a total installed capacity of 662.5 MW and an average design annual power generation of 1.86 billion kwh. The generated energy is transmitted to East China Power Grid and nearby areas from four 220 kV and four 110 kV high-voltage transmission lines through the switch station.

The project is designed according to the once-in-a-thousand-year flood and checked according to the once-in-ten-thousand-year flood. The design flood discharge is 27600 m3 / s and the water level is 111m. The check flood discharge is 41280 m3 / s and the water level is 114m. The normal water level of the reservoir is 108m, the flood control limited water level is 106.5m, and the dead water level is 86m. The reservoir has a total capacity of 22 billion cubic meters, regulation capacity of 10.27 billion cubic meters, dead capacity of 7.57 billion cubic meters and flood control capacity of 4.73 billion cubic meters. It is a multi-year regulating reservoir. The maximum head of the power station is 84.3m, the design head is 73m and the minimum head is 57.8m.

The upstream of the barrage forms a huge reservoir with an area of 580 square kilometers, total storage capacity of 22 billion cubic meters, effective storage capacity of 14.43 billion cubic meters and multi-year regulation performance. In addition to regulating the annual runoff to meet the water demand for power generation, the reservoir also has comprehensive utilization benefits such as flood control, improving shipping conditions, developing fishery, adjusting and compensating the power generation flow required by Fuchunjiang Hydropower station downstream, and developing tourism.

The construction preparation of the power station began in August 1956, and the main project was formally constructed in April 1957. The vast number of power station builders, in the case of lack of experience and incomplete construction equipment at that time, adhered to the principle of "independence and self-reliance", worked together day and night to overcome various difficulties.

In September 1959, the dam blocked the last diversion bottom outlet 15 months ahead of schedule, and the reservoir began to store water.

In April 1960, the first unit was put into operation for power generation. It took only three years, creating a brilliant example of high-speed construction of large hydropower stations.

In September of the same year, the 220 kV Xin'anjiang Hangzhou Shanghai high voltage transmission line was put into operation, and the East China Power Grid began to take shape. In December 1965, the power station project was completed. The construction period of Xin'anjiang hydropower project, including preparatory works, is 46 months. The project excavated 5.8592 million cubic meters of earthwork, poured 1.755 million cubic meters of concrete and reinforced concrete, used 3475 thousand tons of cement, 36200 tons of steel and 13.55 cubic meters of timber, and built 64 kilometers of special railway. In Zhejiang Province, 309800 mu of cultivated land was flooded by reservoirs, 291500 people were resettled, and the total investment of the project was 456974000 yuan.

In October 1977, all the nine units were installed and put into power grid operation.

Since the first unit was put into operation, the power station has been responsible for peak load regulation, frequency regulation and emergency standby of East China power grid. The power station has not only obtained huge economic benefits of power generation and comprehensive utilization, but also played an important role in the stable and safe operation of East China power grid, improving power quality, promoting industrial and agricultural production within the scope of power grid and meeting people's living power demand.

For the construction of Xin'anjiang hydropower station, the people of Chun'an and sui'an counties made great sacrifices. The 13 villages in Chun'an County began the first batch of immigrants on March 10, 1957. By June 1971, 49 towns and 1377 natural villages were flooded in Chun'an and sui'an counties, with a total of 291500 immigrants, including 82544 in the county, about 140000 in Tonglu, Fuyang, Deqing, Jinhua, Changshan and Lanxi, 64680 in Jiangxi Province and 5630 in Anhui Province, There are 1293 people in other provinces and cities.

Construction background

After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, a hundred wastes are waiting for prosperity. After three years of restoration and governance, the national economy has been developing day by day. With the rapid development of industry and agriculture in East China, especially in Shanghai, the power consumption for production and people's daily life also increases, and the demand for power is high. In order to meet the power demand of Shanghai and East China, the development and utilization of Qiantang River water energy resources has been put on the agenda. In 1954, under the leadership of the General Administration of hydropower construction of the Ministry of fuel industry, led by Mr. Xu qiashi, organized personnel to carry out supplementary survey, investigation and analysis of topography, geology and hydrology on the basis of the existing data of Qiantang River, conducted technical and economic research and comparison of various schemes for the development and utilization of water energy resources of Qiantang River, and completed the technical and economic report that year 》Report. Through the supplementary geological and topographic exploration in the stage of technical and economic report, it is proved that it is feasible to build a concrete dam with a height of more than 100 meters at Tongguan dam section on the main stream of Xin'an River in terms of geological conditions. A high dam is built in Tongguan dam section to develop the water and energy resources of Xin'an River. The huge multi-year regulating reservoir formed by the high dam can fully retain and regulate the runoff above Tongguan for power generation. The high dam can also concentrate the natural fall of Xin'an River to form a high head of power generation, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of water and energy resources of Xin'an River. The huge reservoir can also make Xin'anjiang hydropower station play a better role in peak load regulation, frequency regulation and reserve in East China power grid. In addition, Xin'anjiang reservoir can also regulate and store the flood in the upper reaches and reduce the peak discharge, which will play a huge role in flood control on both sides of the lower reaches along the river. The reservoir also has the benefits of developing fishery, tourism and improving the navigation conditions in the reservoir area and downstream during the dry season. The first level development is more concentrated than the cascade development in the management of construction and operation. Therefore, the economic benefit of the first level development scheme is obviously superior to that of the original cascade scheme. Of course, the large amount of land inundation caused by the huge reservoir is the biggest shortcoming of the first level development plan. But at that time, China's population had not increased significantly and the contradiction of lack of arable land was not prominent, this shortcoming was not enough to cover up the significant advantages of the first level development plan in terms of economic benefits

Chinese PinYin : Xin An Jiang Shui Dian Zhan