Naozhou Island

Naozhou Island

Naozhou Island, formerly known as Qi, is an island formed by submarine volcanic eruption about 200000-500000 years ago. It is also the largest volcanic island in China.

It is located about 40 kilometers southeast of Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. It is adjacent to the East Island in the north, Leizhou Bay in the west, the South China Sea in the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean in the depth, with a total area of about 56 square kilometers.

Naozhou island is one of the "eight sceneries of Zhanjiang", which is called "ancient charm of Naozhou".

It is an island outside Zhanjiang City with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate all year round.

There are many places of interest on the island, including Nayan sea stone beach, a famous tourist resort in southern China, ideal natural bathing beach, and Naozhou lighthouse, one of the world's three famous lighthouses, which is as famous as London and Cape of good hope lighthouses. Historic sites include: Song imperial city site, Xianglong academy, bajiaojing, song Huang stele, song Huang Pavilion, song Huang Village, Chima village, dou zhenbiao tomb and "Gong Bao Fang".

history

Witness the alternation of song and Yuan Dynasties

In the 1870s, great changes took place in Chinese history. The Song Dynasty, which had been in power for 319 years, died and the Yuan Dynasty was established, which declared the end of the long-term confrontation between the north and the South since the Five Dynasties and the formation of a multi-ethnic unified China.

In the history of Song Dynasty, there are two parts: Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty. Naozhou island in Zhanjiang used to be an escape place for the two "true sons of the dragon" of the last dynasty of the Southern Song Dynasty to avoid the pursuit of the yuan army. One died and was buried in Naozhou; the other ascended the throne and established the capital of Naozhou, which witnessed the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty and recorded the last alternation of song and Yuan Dynasties in Chinese history. As a result, Naozhou, which was previously unknown, has attracted the attention of historians.

The origin of the place name of Naozhou

Naozhou Island, located in the east of Leizhou Bay, covers an area of 56 square kilometers. It is surrounded by the sea on all sides, hanging on the sea alone, with dangerous terrain. In ancient times, qiezhou was called qiezhou. At the end of Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhao Min ascended the throne on the island. After upgrading to Xianglong County, it began to change to Naozhou. "Song History · erwangji" contains: "Jingyan two years in March (1277) gangnaozhou. In April, gangzhuozhou was dominated by Wang Min, who was promoted to Xianglong county. In 1275, the yuan army sent troops to the south to conquer Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). The generals of the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie, Wen Tianxiang, and 100000 soldiers escorted the 11 year old song duanzong and his younger brother Zhao Min to avoid the pursuit of the yuan soldiers. In March 1277, they fled from the southeast coast to qiaozhou island. Song duanzong was young and weak. He was tired of running. He was frightened all the way and died of illness on the island in April. After the funeral, Lu Xiufu and other ministers took 8-year-old Zhao Min as emperor, known as "Song Emperor Min" in history. After Zhao Min ascended the throne, he changed Xiangxing to Xianglong County, and planned to settle down in order to restore the country. Zhuozhou was covered with stones. The young emperor ordered his soldiers to dig stones, build stone walls, build a palace, and use stones as a cover to resist the yuan army.

In ancient times, it was generally referred to that the nomadic people were Xiongnu. The ministers used stones to resist the Mongol army of Yuan Dynasty. They instructed the young emperor min to issue a decree: "to attack Xiongnu with stones, give it to Xiongnu", and change the island of qiaozhou into the island of qiaozhou. In the first year of Xiangxing (1278), the yuan army conquered Leizhou City. Right Prime Minister Zhang Shijie sent troops to attack Leizhou City many times, but they all failed. He felt that it was very difficult to attack and defend this island, and he was isolated and could not live for a long time. So he discussed with left Prime Minister Lu Xiufu and others to protect Shaodi Zhao Min and move to xinhuiya mountain. Finally, the bloody battle at yamen, the total destruction of the army, Lu Xiufu embrace the emperor into the sea, the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Although qiaozhou was changed to qiaozhou, the folk names of the two places still shared. In gaolei area, there is the earliest record of Gaozhou capital compiled in the Wanli year of Ming Dynasty, in which the place name of qiaozhou is still used. It is said that it was not until Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty tasted the abalone that qiaozhou was designated as a stable place name. Dou zhenbiao, the commander-in-chief of Fujian Navy in Guangdong Province, who was born in Naozhou, paid tribute to the fish (abalone) in Naozhou. After eating it, Daoguang felt like waking up from a dream. He was very happy, so he asked the origin of the fish. Dou HuiFu said that it was produced in qiaozhou, commonly known as Luozhou snail fish. It was qiezhou and it was qiezhou that confused the emperor. Only then did they know that it was Xianglong mansion, which was founded by Emperor Zhao of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the imperial decree designated qiezhou as qiezhou to commemorate the emperor of the Song Dynasty. From then on, the place names of Naozhou began to appear in CI yuan and historical books. Therefore, it may be true that Dou zhenbiao, Gong Bao, and Dao Guang named Naozhou. The word "Nao" has also become a unique character in Chinese characters. Even the authoritative modern Chinese dictionary does not have the place names of Beijing and Shanghai, but has a unique place name entry of Naozhou.

Historical sites and customs of the Song Emperor

The last emperor of Song Dynasty

People on the island said that in March 1278, under the protection of Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, the brothers of duanzong Zhao Shi and Wei Wang Zhao Min escaped from Yuan soldiers and fled from the southeast coast to set up emperor's base and build Imperial Palace barracks on Xuzhou Island, which is now the site of SONGHUANG Village on Xuzhou island.

It is said that when Song Jun first arrived at Naozhou Island, fresh water was not available. A thirsty old fighting horse kept digging the earth with his hooves, and soon a wisp of clean water poured out under the hooves. Therefore, this well is also called horseshoe well, and the water in the well never dried up. Not far away, there are relics such as song Huang Village, ancient stone road of Song Yuan Dynasty, Xianglong academy, tablet of "Xianglong primary school" in Ming Dynasty. The local chronicles of Gaozhou Prefecture and Wuchuan County in the Ming and Qing Dynasties contain a large number of poems, CI and travel notes about the encounter of qiaozhou, a monarch and minister in the late Song Dynasty. It is said that the mysterious history of the Song Dynasty ruins has aroused many disputes among historians and left us a mystery: did the last emperor of the Song Dynasty really settle down on Naozhou island?

In the late Song Dynasty, although the two kings did not stay in Naozhou for a long time, they left many relics. There is a local folk saying: "qiaozhou island in the Tang Dynasty, the capital of the emperors in the late Song Dynasty, the secluded land, immortals and wind are here, but the Song Dynasty is not there". It can be seen that the historical sites of the Song Emperor have been spread among the people for a long time. With a long history and vicissitudes, some of them have disappeared and some are only remains. Today, there are still songhuangcun, Chima village, songhuangjing, songhuangbei, Xianglong academy and so on. These historic sites are precious historical relics and rich tourism resources of Naozhou, which makes "ancient charm of Naozhou" one of the eight scenic spots in Zhanjiang City.

The remains of the two kings of the Song Dynasty are mainly concentrated around the Songhuang village. Songhuang village is located 3.5 kilometers east of Naozhou Town, and now belongs to Songhuang village committee. Songhuang village is the residence of the late Southern Song Dynasty. It is powerful and beautiful. In that year, it built a palace and barracks here. According to the local chronicles, the number of courtiers, officers and soldiers, boatmen, palace maids and eunuchs who came to the island reached 100000, so they "cut down trees to build the palace It is also called "songhuangcun", which is also called "songhuangcheng". Most of the historic sites in Songhuang village have disappeared, only the remains of the ancient wall can be seen. On the north side of the city wall, the remnant is 10 meters long, 5 meters wide and 0.8 meters high. In the south, Chima village is said to be a place where military horse sheds are set up according to the types of horses. It is called Chima in the north and Jinma in the south. The name of Chima village is still used today. The well preserved one is song Huangjing. It is said that the second king of Song Dynasty just arrived on the island. There was a great shortage of fresh water and people were in a panic. A horse used his front feet to dig the ground and burst out water. It tasted sweet and pure, and solved the problem of water use. The well water has been used by villagers for more than 700 years. In memory of the Song Emperor, the villagers erected a monument to call the well "Song Emperor well". Xianglong academy, which was for the little emperor Zhao Min to study, has long been abandoned. Only the stone plaque of "Xianglong academy" written by Lin Zhaotang, the only number one scholar in western Guangdong, is installed. To the southwest of Songhuang village, there is a stone tablet, which is 1.5 meters high, 1 meters high and 0.1 meters thick. It is gray black. The stone tablet has been eroded by wind and rain for a long time, and the inscription is indistinct. It is commonly known as "Songhuang tablet", that is, the tombstone of song duanzong. Whether it is true or not can not be studied, but the folk has always been known as the "Song Emperor stele", reflecting people's nostalgia for the Song Emperor.

In 1945, when Guangzhou Bay was restored and Zhanjiang was built, the relevant departments compiled a book "general situation of Zhanjiang" in 1947, which listed Songhuang village, Huguangyan and nansanyue King's temple as the three major places of interest in Zhanjiang. The authorities have widely solicited the opinions of celebrities from all walks of life, and selected ten sceneries in Zhanjiang City. Songhuang village is one of the ten sceneries. It is a pity that many cultural relics and historic sites were damaged in the extreme "left" years and during the cultural revolution.

For more than 700 years, the ancient rhyme of Naozhou has attracted many famous poets to visit the island for nostalgia and reminiscence, leaving behind a large number of poems chanting the legacy of the Song Emperor. Among them are "nostalgia of Naozhou" by geishilang of the Ministry of war in Ming Dynasty and famous poet Wu Guolun; Naozhou by Juren of Wuchuan in Qing Dynasty and famous poet Li Xiaoyan of Baiyue; and "mourning of Naozhou" by Guo Shouhua, the first mayor of Zhanjiang City in the Republic of China, which have high cultural and tourism value. In memory of the martyrs, the villagers built temples for Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie in Xiyuan, Huangwu and Nalin villages near the Songhuang village, which is also a major cultural landscape of the Song Emperor's legacy in Naozhou.

Unsolved mystery

Naozhou Island, the largest volcanic island in China, is located in the southeast of Leizhou Bay, Guangdong Province. Standing on the Bank of the accumulation of lava rocks, the vast fog, water and sky line, the waves such as complaints.

Chen Zhijian, an expert in Zhanjiang culture research and former director of Zhanjiang Museum, said that it was here that Zhao Shi, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the army and people who fought against the Yuan Dynasty in exile, resented the fall of the mountains and rivers, and stormed the huge rocks on the bank into the water, representing their determination to fight against the Yuan Dynasty to the end. It means "attacking Hun (Yuan Dynasty) with stone", from which the word "Naozhou" came into being, hence the name of Naozhou island.

Although the Southern Song Dynasty finally perished in this area, this period of history is one of the most precious cultural wealth in the coastal areas of western Guangdong.

Chinese PinYin : Nao Zhou Dao