Shanwang National Geopark

Linqu Shanwang National Geopark is the location of Shandong Linqu group and its Niushan formation, Shanwang Formation, Yaoshan formation. It has standard stratotype section, especially Shanwang Formation, which has important correlation significance at home and abroad. The thickness of diatomite deposit is about 25m. Because the layer is as thin as paper and slightly weathered, it turns up layer by layer, just like the pages of a book. The image of the ancients is likened to "ten thousand volumes of books". A large number of paleontological fossils are contained in it, which has become an important basis for Miocene biological rank building in the world.

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Shandong Shanwang National Geopark

synonym

Shanwang National Geopark generally refers to Shandong Shanwang National Geopark

Shandong Shanwang National Geopark is located about 22 kilometers east of Linqu County, Shandong Province, covering an area of about 13 square kilometers.

The Geopark is located in Linqu sag in the central Shandong uplift area, with the highest peak of Yaoshan, with an altitude of 405.5 meters. The Geopark is generally composed of two secondary small basins, namely jiejiahe basin and baojiahe basin. The periphery of the Geopark is low mountains and hills composed of basalt, and the terrain fluctuates greatly.

The surface water system is mainly Jiejia River, which belongs to MI river system and is a seasonal river. The Geopark is characterized by the world-famous Shanwang paleontological fossils and volcanic landforms reflecting its formation environment.

brief introduction

Shandong Shanwang National Geopark is located about 22 kilometers east of Linqu County, with Lingshan in the north, panjiazhuang in the East, Huangshan and Caiyuan in the south, Jiazhuang and Qingquangou in the East. The geographical coordinates are 36 ° 32 ′ 00 ″ - 36 ° 34 ′ 30 ″ N and 118 ° 40 ′ 22 ″ - 118 ° 44 ′ 00 ″ e, covering an area of about 13 square kilometers.

The core area of the park is Shanwang national key Nature Reserve Approved by the State Council in 1980, covering an area of 1.2 square kilometers. On October 18, 1999, it was designated as the national geological heritage protection area by the Ministry of land and resources and the State Environmental Protection Administration. It was approved as a national geopark by the Ministry of land and resources on December 10, 2001.

Geomorphology

The park is composed of two sub basins of jiejiahe and baojiahe. The basin is surrounded by shield volcanoes composed of basalt. The terrain is uneven. The highest peak is Yaoshan, with an altitude of 405.5m. It belongs to the north temperate monsoon climate zone. The annual average temperature is 12.4 ℃, and the annual average rainfall is 709mm.

The geology of the park is the Linqu group and its Niushan formation, Shanwang Formation and Yaoshan formation. It belongs to the Mihe river system and is a seasonal river. The Geopark is characterized by the world-famous Shanwang paleontological fossils and volcanic landforms reflecting its formation environment. The location of the Shanwang Formation has a standard stratotype profile, especially the Shanwang Formation, which has important correlation significance at home and abroad.

The thickness of diatomite deposit is about 25m. Because the layer is as thin as paper and slightly weathered, it turns up layer by layer, just like the pages of a book. The image of the ancients is likened to "ten thousand volumes of books". A large number of paleontological fossils are contained in it, which has become an important basis for Miocene biological rank building in the world.

Biological fossils

type

Shanwang paleontological fossil in the park was formed 18 million years ago. It is the only stratigraphic paleontological relic with complete preservation, complete categories, irreplaceable and important scientific value in Miocene in China and rare in the world. More than 600 genera and species belonging to more than ten phyla have been found. Plant fossils include fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms and algae. Most of the branches and leaves retain their original colors, and the flowers, fruits and seeds are also perfectly preserved.

Animal fossils, including insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, are the most abundant and well preserved deer fossils in the world at the end of the 20th century. In particular, the discovery of shanwangshanniao, qilutaishan and other bird fossils fills the gap in the Miocene period and becomes an important source of bird fossils in China.

significance

Shanwang paleontological fossils are mainly preserved in the diatom soil layer of the Miocene Shanwang Formation (about 14 million years ago), which are rare in the world with many species and complete preservation. At present, more than 600 kinds of fossils have been found in more than ten categories. Animal fossils include insects, fish, spiders, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. There are 182 species belonging to 100 genera, 46 families, 11 orders. Shanwang bird fossils are the most abundant areas in China.

The triangularis fossil and the Oriental ancestral bear fossil are the most well preserved Miocene specimens in the world. Fossil plants include mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms and algae. In addition to 100 species of algae, there are 143 species in 98 genera of 46 families. They play an important role in the study of paleoecology, paleoclimate, animal and plant evolution in the world. It is regarded as a "comprehensive laboratory" for the study of Miocene by Chinese and foreign experts.

Diatomite produced by paleontological fossils is one of the few producing areas in China. It is known as "ten thousand volumes book" and has high research and ornamental value. The volcanic geology and volcanic eruption landform around the origin of paleontological fossils are also important geological relics of the Geopark, which are mainly distributed in Huangshan, Yaoshan, Lingshan and chumashan in the periphery of the basin. At present, we can observe the geological landscape of ancient crater, landform of Mar type volcanic basin, typical structure of volcanic lava, etc., which is an important base for studying Cenozoic volcanic activity, formation and evolution of volcanic basin in North China. At the same time, it is also the location of the stratotype section of the Cenozoic Linqu group in Shandong Province, which has great scientific research value for tracing the geological history.

explore

Shanwang has become an important base for paleontological research in China. In order to realize the small-scale and scientific excavation and research work under the premise of protection, the research group is composed of relevant experts and professors from Beijing Institute of paleovertebrae and Paleoanthropology, Beijing University of Geosciences, etc., and the Research Institute of paleovertebrae and Paleoanthropology, which has the right to apply for excavation and research, is entrusted to apply to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the State Administration of cultural relics on behalf of the research group. No. 1 excavation site was established in 1993 and No. 2 excavation site was established in 1995. 19 large fossils, such as rhinoceros, deer, pig and turtle, and more than 3000 small fossils, such as insects, fish and plants, have been collected. "Fossil treasure house" produced by the Central News and documentary film studio has been released nationwide. People's daily, people's pictorial, people's China, scientific experiment, earth and other newspapers have published articles to widely introduce them at home and abroad. It has received nearly 1000 people from more than 10 countries including Australia, the United States, Britain, Japan, the former Soviet Union, Austria, Canada, Italy, Germany and Hong Kong and Macao.

History and culture

Shanwang area is rich in culture and has a long history. According to the research of ancient sites and cultural relics unearthed around it, as early as the five emperors era (about 5000 years ago), there were human beings living and living here. The ancient Yaoshan mountain is named after Emperor Yao. There is a temple commemorating Emperor Yao's activities here. Yaoshan, Yaohe, YAOGOU, these mountains and valleys named after the ancient emperor Yao, together with dozens of primitive social sites of Dawenkou and Longshan culture around (the junction of Linqu, Qingzhou and Changle counties), are enough to prove that this is the important activity area of Emperor Yao. Jishan, a few miles to the southeast of Shanwang, has attracted the attention of scholars in the past dynasties due to the visit of the Yellow Emperor and the activities of the father and son of Emperor Yao in history. It is a famous historical mountain in the east of China, just like Yishan in Dongzhen.

There is a record in the book of five emperors at the beginning of historical records that "the Yellow Emperor arrived at haidengwanshan (another name of Jishan)" in the East. Marushan, according to research, is called "Fanshan" in Fengchan book of historical records. After Sima Qian, Ying Shao (Han Dynasty), Du Yu (Jin Dynasty), Li Daoyuan (Northern Wei Dynasty), Li Tai (Tang Dynasty), Li Jifu (Tang Dynasty), Luo mi (Song Dynasty), Yue Shi (Song Dynasty), Yu Qin (Yuan Dynasty), Fu Guo (Ming Dynasty), Gu Yanwu (Qing Dynasty) and ye shougui (Qing Dynasty) all made textual research on Wan Shan and Fan Shan, believing that Wan Shan and Fan Shan were Ji Shan in Linqu County. Jishan is also the birthplace of the ancient oriental Jizu. Jishan was granted by Zhou Dynasty, and its capital was Jitai (now south of Shouguang City). From then on, Jishan was the Zhenshan of Jiguo. After the Yellow Emperor, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and other emperors of several generations all recorded climbing Jishan. Jishan is also known as Danshan. According to ancient books such as Bamboo Annals, Han annals and shisanzhou annals, around Danshan (Jishan) is the fief of Zhu, the son of Emperor Yao, which is called "Danzhu Zhixu" for short. The hometown of Emperor Yao was inherited by his son, who "offered sacrifices to the five emperors in historical records". Lingshan mountain, to the north of the prosperous mountain, is surrounded by isolated peaks and springs. The people rely on drinking water to irrigate their fields, which was valued by the ancient Qi state. According to Yanzi spring and Autumn Annals, King Gong once planned to offer sacrifices to them. Historical facts have proved that as early as in ancient times, Shanwang was an important cultural area.

Address: Longgang Town, Linqu County, Weifang, Shandong Province

Longitude: 118.72564

Latitude: 36.54907

Ticket information: 20 yuan

Opening hours: 8:30-16:30

Chinese PinYin : Shan Wang Guo Jia Di Zhi Gong Yuan