Harqin Prince's Mansion

Karaqin Prince's residence is the former residence of gongsannurb, an outstanding Mongolian thinker, politician and reformer in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It has been opened as the Museum of karaqin Prince's residence.

Harqin Prince's Mansion

Karaqin Prince's residence is the residence of the tribute Prince of Qing Dynasty. It is the former residence of gongsanuoerbu, an outstanding Mongolian thinker, politician and reformer. It has been opened as the Museum of karaqin Prince's residence. Founded in 1679, it is located in Wangyefu Town, Harqin Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, 150 km northeast of Chengde and 70 km southwest of Chifeng. Twelve generations of Mongolian princes of Kalaqin came here to attack the government. It is the oldest, largest, highest standard, best preserved and most well-known ancient building complex among the existing royal palace buildings in Inner Mongolia, and a national key cultural relics protection unit. The former residence covers an area of more than 300 mu, with more than 490 houses and two-story courtyards. The main building is divided into the main hall, the second hall, the instrument door, the hall and the Chengqing building. In the courtyard, the pines and cypresses are elegant and quiet, and the pavilions and halls reflect each other. It is an indispensable evidence for the study of ancient Chinese history and Mongolian culture.

brief introduction

Karaqin Prince Mansion, originally known as "karaqin right wing banner Prince Mansion", is located in karaqin Prince Mansion Town, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was built in 1679, the 18th year of Kangxi reign in Qing Dynasty. It is the oldest, largest, highest specification, best preserved and most well-known ancient building complex in Inner Mongolia.

According to historical records, Lemi, an important Minister of Genghis Khan, was the distant ancestor of kharqin Mongols. Genghis Khan, because of his outstanding service, married his daughter Princess Huayin to Gilbert, the son of Lemi, thus enjoying the title of "tarbunang". In the later Jin Dynasty, sumudi, the fourteenth generation of Lemai, was famous for his resourcefulness and bravery.

In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), sulusiqibu, the son of subudi, was awarded to zhasak as the first king of karaqin right wing banner. Both the first and the second generation of Wang Ye, tubaseling, lived in today's Kazuo and Jianping of Liaoning Province. The third generation of Wang Ye, bandarsha, moved to Longshan of Kalaqin banner. In 1670, they moved from Longshan to present Wang Ye's residence.

In 1650, the son of subudi, Jin Baile, and the Third Prince of zazazak Bandar Shah, Jin duoluoduling, in 1668. Emperor Qianlong 48 years (1783) the eighth zhasakelatna Xi Jin Prince rank. In 1692, the fifth daughter of Emperor Kangxi and Princess Shuo duanjing married the fifth zazasak galazan; the 13th king wangdutenamuzil married the younger sister of Royal Prince Li as Fujin; the 14th king gongsanuoerbu married the younger sister of Royal Prince Su as Fujin. The marriage between Manchu and Mongolian made the relationship between King Kalaqin and the Qing court and the royal family closer. For more than 300 years after the completion of the palace, it has been the residence of the princes and princes of all dynasties.

In the history of Kalaqin, there was no fixed place for nomadic and war. Until 1679, a prince's residence was built in the 18th year of Kangxi. In 1783, after the rank of Prince of Jin, it was expanded into a prince's residence on the basis of the prince's residence. All the princes of the past dynasties have been expanded, but the shape of the central axis has been maintained to this day. Kalaqin palace originally covers an area of 86000 square meters, and now has 29800 square meters. It consists of 22 main halls, auxiliary rooms and wing rooms, forming a continuous quadrangle pattern. The green pines and fir trees in the mansion, surrounded by green waters and green mountains, have a beautiful and harmonious environment. Kalaqin palace contains rich information of traditional Chinese architectural technology, reflecting excellent humanistic thought and aesthetic concept.

Architecture in the mansion

pattern

On the north-south axis, from south to north, there are the main hall, the second hall, the main hall, the conference hall and the Chengqing building. There are rooms on both sides of each main hall, and the East-West wing rooms in the five entrance courtyard.

Outside the main building complex, there are cross courtyards on the East and west sides, symmetrical to the left and right. Each cross courtyard has a number of quadrangles, which are connected by a vertical flower gate and an ambulatory.

Dongkuayuan is the living place of Wang Yefu Jin, which includes inner house, bedroom, study, Yan Yitang, living service facilities, dining room, mill room, mill room, warehouse, horse room, etc.

There are shushushu (Zhai), quadrangle Square Pavilion, Yirang hall, practice hall, Confucius Temple (Confucian Temple), Guandi Temple (Wu Temple), ancestral hall (ancestral hall) and Buddhist hall in xikuayuan.

Chengqing building is followed by Wangfu garden, which is adjacent to Beishan natural scenic spot. There are pavilions, corridors, stone bridges, ponds, rockeries, tea shops, theatres and temples in the garden. We planted flowers and trees extensively, raised poultry and fish, and reindeer in captivity.

On the Bank of the Xibe River to the south of the vestibule (square), there used to be a green and felt like pasture. Thirteen OBOS were lined up from east to west. Every July, a grand ceremony of OBO sacrifice was held here.

Prince harqin house is not an isolated building, it is connected with the surrounding residential villages and Lama temples. To the west of it, passing Bajia village, there are five Lama temples (Fuhui temple, jishanshengle temple, Xianying temple, Guanghui temple and Yanqing Temple) centered on Fuhui temple. The main buildings, temples and courtyards are red brick and red wall. In the past, it was a Lama's residence in the front and back streets of three times, with temples as the center and stretching one mile on both sides. In its heyday, there were more than 500 lamas in the five temples. From Fuhui temple to the west, through Xiwanzi, Daxigou, shangwafang to yinjiangyingzi, it was about ten li. This area was once the residence of officials and rich people in the royal palace. At that time, the style of residential buildings here were blue brick houses with four beams and eight columns.

From qinwangfu to the East, they are dayingzi, gongchangzi, Xizhuang and xiawafang in turn, which are distributed within eight li of the palace. In the past, they were also the residential areas of officials and rich people in the palace. Xiawa landlord Erli's shahuyingzi is the original residence of tiger shooters.

Shangwafang and xiawafang were respectively eight li away from the prince's mansion. At that time, they were two business centers. Merchants and shops gathered in these two places to supply local residents with production and living goods. In the past, temples, squares and theatrical buildings were built in these two villages.

At that time, most of the Mongolian flag people who worked in the prince's mansion lived in xiaomiaogou behind Fuhui temple, yaotougou and Daxigou Racecourse behind dayingzi.

At that time, in addition to the Temple group of Fuhui temple, there was Shantong temple built on the mountain eight miles away from the palace in the East, and the blissful Longxing Temple built in Daxigou twelve miles away from the palace in the West.

The long and narrow villages, which stretch for 20 miles, form a large and complete Mongolian community.

After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the area of Prince harqin's residence gradually became the political, economic and cultural center of zhuosotu League (governing the left, middle and right banners of harqin and the left and right banners of Tumet).

Shape and structure

The building of Prince Qin's mansion is a large wooden structure without bucket arch. Each single building has stone steps, eaves stone, corner Pillar Stone and overhanging eaves stone. Brick works follow the "live rough rules, not rough" (system rules first, material technology according to capacity), large wood is exquisite, large, rigorous structure, more rafters fly, wood decoration is luxurious but not flashy, tile works use traditional tubular tile to cover the roof, indoor ceiling depends on the grade function, divided into algal well (Chengqing building), wellhead ceiling (conference hall, Hall) and general ceiling, general ceiling has Some of them have flat roofs, while others have single "cut" or double "cut" practices similar to those in Beijing. All the rooms are heated by ground Kang.

Apart from the painted ancestral halls and temples, all the other buildings, regardless of their rank, are painted in red and blue, which belongs to the category of plastic arts.

The construction of the prince's mansion is the result of Qing Dynasty's system of "returning to the Mongolian princes and giving them generous rewards". Its system, grade and specifications are built strictly according to the prince's rank. It has high steps, platforms and Danbi bridges. It covers a large area and has a large number of houses. It reflects the architectural cultural connotation of the prince's mansion, which is "high, many, big" The representative examples of the system of architectural rules and regulations are the important material evidence for the study of the political strategies adopted by the Qing government in Mongolia, which has high research value.

characteristic

Qinwangfu is a typical Qing Dynasty building complex with magnificent architectural momentum, strict palace, exquisite layout, spectacular architecture and rigorous structure. Its architectural scale is the largest of the 49 banner Mongolian Wangfu in Inner Mongolia. It integrates the three architectural features of northern area, Mongolian nationality and Tibetan Buddhism. It is the oldest, the highest rank, the largest scale and the best preserved Mongolian Prince residence in Inner Mongolia. There are rich collections in the palace, with more than 1400 cultural relics from the Ming and Qing Dynasties alone.

From the perspective of architectural layout, it can be summarized as three points: first, the architectural group is organically combined with the natural environment to complement each other; second, the layout of the buildings of the prince's mansion is mainly based on the core section of the central axis, supplemented by the East-West two roads (cross courtyard), the middle road is particularly grand and regular to reflect the power level of the prince's mansion, while the East-West cross courtyard is the living function area, so the architectural layout is very flexible; third, the layout of the buildings of the prince's mansion is very flexible With the combination of artificial garden and architecture, the middle road is dominated by towering pines, which shows the solemnity of the building. The East-West courtyard is widely planted with exotic flowers and plants, the exquisite stones and trees are set against each other, and the garden is piled with mountains and water, which shows the architect's unique design idea and exquisite layout.

The ground of each courtyard of Prince Qin's mansion is flat, and the height difference between the front and the back is less than 0.5%. All kinds of buildings are built on high platforms, only according to their rank

Chinese PinYin : Ka La Qin Qin Wang Fu