Garden of the Master of Nets

Wangshi garden, one of the four famous gardens in Suzhou, is a representative work with artistic characteristics and cultural value. Wangshi garden was built in the early years of song Chunxi (1174 AD), and was called "Yuyin". After several changes, it was named "Wangshi garden" in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty (around 1765 AD), and formed the current layout. Up to now, most of them are literati, and each of them has its own poems and inscriptions left in the garden. After repair and arrangement, it has finally formed a masterpiece of this classical garden. Wangshi garden is a typical private garden which combines house and garden. The residential part has three entrances, from the gate to the sedan hall, wanjuan hall and Jiexiu building, which are spread out in turn along the central axis. The main hall "wanjuan hall" is high and elegant.

The characteristics of the whole garden are: Although the buildings are not dense, the pool is not small enough. It can be regarded as a model of Chinese landscape architecture. A net master is a fisherman. It shows the meaning of the owner of the garden.

Garden of the Master of Nets

Wangshiyuan, located at 11 kuojiatou lane, daichengqiao Road, Southeast of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, is about 120 km away from Shanghai Hongqiao Airport. It is a representative work of Suzhou garden. Wangshi garden was first built in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 AD). It was the former site of wanjuan Hall of Shi Zhengzhi, a book collector and official servant of the Song Dynasty. The garden was named "Yuyin" and was later abandoned. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty (about 1770 A.D.), the retired Shaoqing of Guanglu temple was purchased and rebuilt by song Zongyuan. The garden was named "Wangshi garden".

The master of Wangshi garden changed its owner several times. Most of the owners were literati. Each had his own poems and inscriptions left in the garden, which had been repaired and sorted out. Covering an area of about half a hectare, wangshiyuan is the smallest garden in Suzhou. The main buildings in the park are congguixuan, Zhuoying Water Pavilion, kansongduhuaxuan, dianchunzhen, etc. The pavilions and pavilions of Wangshi garden are all close to water. There is water everywhere in the garden. All kinds of buildings are well coordinated, and the layout is compact.

Wangshi garden is a typical private garden which combines house and garden. The residential part is divided into four parts: the sedan hall, the big living room, the Jiexiu building, and the Wufeng library. The main hall "wanjuan hall" is high and elegant.

Wangshi garden is a national key cultural relic protection unit and a world cultural heritage site

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Historical evolution

During the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Shi Zhengzhi was impeached for opposing Zhang Jun's Northern Expedition. In the early years of Chunxi (1174-1189) of the Southern Song Dynasty, when he retired to Gusu, he built a garden, which was named "wanjuan hall" for its 42 books and 10000 volumes of books. Home sales and Changzhou Ding surname, only 15000. Later, it was occupied as a million warehouse.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (around 1765 AD), song Zongyuan of Changzhou, who was once the official of Shaoqing of Guanglu temple, made a plan to return to the old at the former site of wanjuan hall. It was originally named "Wangshi Xiaozhu" and later named "Wangshi garden". There are 12 scenes in it. Shen Deqian wrote the picture of Wangshi garden. In the 23rd year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, Peng Qifeng came to the garden to celebrate the Lantern Festival and write poems.

After the death of Zongyuan, most of the garden collapsed. In 1795, Qu Yuanchun, a wealthy businessman in Taicang, bought it. Qu Zeng built pavilions, piled stones and planted trees. He was a master of the old view. There were plum blossom iron stone mountain house, Hill cluster guixuan, yuezhifenglai Pavilion, zhuwaiyizhixuan and Yungang. Because of Qu Yuanchun's skillful thinking, the net master garden "only has a few mu of land, but it has endless winding back; although it lives near the shop, it has the pleasure of forgetting." The garden is still famous, also known as Qu Garden and Jue garden. The layout of the garden was established at this time, and it still retains the structure and style of Qu's garden at that time. Qian Daxin wrote in the 60th year of Qianlong. At that time, peony and peony were planted in the garden. In Jiaqing, fan laizong said, "the sound of the flower cart and horse is like boiling.". However, the Qu family had a garden for less than 30 years, and then returned to the Wu family, the capital of heaven.

In the early years of Tongzhi, it was owned by Li Hongyi (a native of Zhongjiang, Sichuan), a military envoy of Jiangsu Province. In the seventh year, Li resigned his official post and moved to the garden. In the east of Canglang Pavilion, a famous garden of Song dynasty built by Su Shunqin, Li called himself Su Lin, and the famous garden was su Donglin or Su Lin Xiaozhu. Li Neng's poems and paintings have accumulated tens of thousands of volumes, including inscriptions, calligraphy and paintings.

In 1907, the garden returned to Dagui (Changbai), a general of the Qing Guangxu Dynasty who retired to Suzhou, and the garden was restored. In the first year of the Republic of China, the surname Feng already lived here.

In 1917, warlord zhang zuolin bought the garden from Dagui for 300000 taels of silver and gave it to his division as a gift. Zhang xiluan, the Fengtian General of the former Qing Dynasty, gave it a birthday celebration, which changed its name to "Yiyuan". Zhang was a native of Qiantang. When he was a general of Fengtian in the late Qing Dynasty, he appeased Zhang zuolin and could write poems, but he did not come to this garden. There are Luoyue Pavilion, lotus pool, Dian Chunzhen, etc., especially the stone image of the twelve zodiac signs.

In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932 AD), during the Anti Japanese war in Songhu, the Department of the Affiliated Middle School of Jinan University moved to the Soviet Union. Cao Juren, director of the Department, lived in this garden. In the same year, the brothers Zhang ShanMa and Zhang Daqian lived in the same garden with ye gongchuo for nearly four years because of their friendship with Huang gongchuo, the teacher of xiluanzi. He is good at raising a young tiger, and often draws pictures with tiger's posture. The garden is elegant and quiet, but when you hear the bamboo shaking, the warbler answers. Before the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, the Zhang brothers left one after another. The family of the garden owner was in decline and still rented.

In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940 A.D.), he Yanong, a cultural relic collector who graduated from the Japanese army sergeant school and had a rich collection of cultural relics, calligraphy and painting, bought the garden. It took three years to renovate it, learn from the old rules and enrich the antiques, calligraphy and painting. Reuse the old name of "wangshiyuan". The he family also has a house in Nanyuan, which is usually closed to visitors.

In 1946, he died of illness and his wife Wang Jishan inherited the garden. In 1950, Wang died, and his children he Yizhen and he Zeming presented the garden to the state.

It was stationed around 1957. In 1958, the army withdrew, and the Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou Medical College occupied most of the area. It planned to destroy the garden and set up a factory. In the same year, Chen Congzhou from the State Administration of cultural relics and Tongji University, together with the municipal landscape management office, came to investigate and strongly advocated the restoration. In April, it was taken over by the landscape management office, moved out of the hospital and eight residents, and allocated 40000 yuan for emergency repair. In October, the construction of yuezhifenglai Pavilion will be rebuilt. A new terrace and courtyard will be built. The western inner courtyard will be separated by a wall. The pavilion of hanbiquan and Lengquan will be built and equipped with furniture. The Faru Hall of Yuantong Temple in the East is also used by the garden.

It was open for sightseeing in September 1959. At the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", the garden was renamed Friendship Park and closed for a time. Furniture and plaques were damaged. In 1974, after a little repair, it was reopened and its old name was restored. In 1981, the Faru hall and its courtyard were expanded into "cloud cave".

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architectural composition

Wangshi garden is a typical residence garden in Suzhou. With its compact layout, exquisite architecture and coordinated spatial scale, the garden has become a representative work of middle and small classical gardens in Jiangnan with its exquisite layout, profound cultural connotation and elegant garden atmosphere. The landscape layout and scenic spot titles in the park contain a strong sense of seclusion. In the last years of Qianlong reign, the garden belonged to Quyuan village, and was restored and built with pavilions according to the original scale, commonly known as "Quyuan". Today's Wangshi garden is a relic of Qu Garden, which maintains a complete group of houses and a medium-sized classical landscape garden.

Wangshi garden now covers an area of about 10 mu (including the original residence), of which the garden part covers an area of about 8 mu (another two materials: about 5333 square meters, about 5400 square meters). The inner garden covers an area of 5 mu, including 447 square meters of pools. The total area of Zhuozheng garden is less than one sixth of that of Zhuozheng garden. However, the layout of Zhuozheng garden is rigorous, with clear priority and variety. There are gardens inside and scenes outside the garden, which is exquisite and profound. Although there are many buildings, there is no congestion. Although the mountain is small, there is no shortage. Wangshiyuan is well-known for its exquisite layout and compact structure.

The net master garden is divided into three parts with different realms. The eastern part is residential and the central part is main garden. Wangshiyuan is used according to the stone quality. Huangshi is used in the main garden area and Lake stone is used in other courtyards. With water as the center, the pavilions around the pool are also scattered against the landscape. In the west is the inner garden (wind garden), covering an area of about 1 mu. There are three small pavilions on the north side, which are called "dianchunzhen". Xuanbei Lake stone slightly home, with plum, bamboo, banana into bamboo and stone scenery. The west side of the pavilion was originally the courtyard rockery of the "wind hall" of the studio of famous painter Zhang Daqian and his brother Zhang Shanzi. It adopts the layout of surrounding rockeries. The rockery in the east wall is surrounded by a curved flower terrace with uneven pine and maple. In the south, the winding flower terrace is interspersed with peaks and stones. It is full of interest by the white wall. It is paired with the "Dian Chun Zhen". The southwest of Huatai is a natural spring named Hanbi spring. "Cold spring Pavilion" in beibanting is named after "hanbiquan". There is a huge Lingbi stone in the pavilion.

The east part of Wangshi garden is the homestead, the middle part is the main garden, and the west part is the inner garden. It is a typical bureaucratic residence in Suzhou in Qing Dynasty. The gate faces the lane to the south, with a screen wall in front of it. Walls are built on the East and west sides, and Yuanmen is set at the place crossing the lane to form a square in front of the gate. In the south of the field, the pagoda tree is planted, and the East and west walls are set with horse rings. There are drum stones on both sides of the gate, decorated with relief of lion rolling Hydrangea, three valves on the forehead, and a temporary door on the east side of the main gate. The main hall of wangshiyuan is located in guixuan, a hill cluster in the West building. The South and west of guixuan are two small courtyards, which are secluded and closed, and full of Guixiang. Xuanbei useful Huangshi stacked into the "cloud gang.". From the west to the north of the pavilion, you can get to Taohe Pavilion and Zhuoying Pavilion.

The residential area has three entrances in front and back. The buildings are high and open. There are sedan hall, hall and flower hall. The interior decoration is elegant and clean,

Chinese PinYin : Wang Shi Yuan