Jinjile

Jinjile

(collection of compendium)

[synonym] jinjinna (medicinal botany by Li Chenghu).

[source] the bark, branch bark and root bark of Rubiaceae plant cinchona rubra or several other plants of the same genus.

[plant morphology] 1. Red cinchona tree, also known as red Guina tree and red quinine tree.

Evergreen large trees, up to 30 meters high, about 6 meters above the ground, branches, bark reddish brown. Leaves petiolate, opposite; leaves broadly elliptic or ovate, apex acute or obtuse, entire, up to 30 cm long, dark green above, slightly glossy, light green below, often reddish, hairy, with white hairs on leaves. Panicle terminal, receptacle campanulate, slightly slender; calyx very short, persistent, upper 5-lobed, lobes broadly triangular, reddish; corolla tube 2.4-3.6 cm long, apex 5-lobed, pale red: stamen 5, filaments healing in corolla tube; pistil 1, ovary lower, 2-locular, style as long as corolla upper, stigma 2-forked. The capsule is oblong to oblong ovoid, divided into two parts, containing about 26 seeds with wings around the seeds. It blooms in early summer.

Native to South America. It is cultivated in Indonesia, India, Yunnan, Taiwan, Guangdong and Guangxi.

② Cinchona legeli

Trees, about 10 m high. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic or oblong, smooth, glabrous. The flowers are yellowish white with strong odor.

There are many kinds of Cinchona, in addition to the above two kinds, there are yellow and brown Cinchona, which are also cultivated in Yunnan and Taiwan.

[collection] there are many ways to harvest: in South America, trees are usually cut down in rainy season, bark is stripped, dried or dried, and compressed into flat flakes. The bark is rolled into a tube when it is dry. In Java and India, rooting and pruning are used. In the root digging method, the 12-year-old jinjinjina tree is dug out and the bark or root bark is peeled; in the branch cutting method, the tree is cut down from the ground and the bark is peeled, so that the residual base of the trunk has adventitious branches, and 1-2 branches are left to grow. After the branches grow, the bark is peeled off, dried or dried. The main method used in our country is branch cutting.

[medicinal material] in the shape of reel or rectangle. The roll shaped bark is about 20 cm long and about 25 mm in diameter, with brown gray or reddish brown appearance, gray lichen patches and longitudinal straight wrinkles. The older bark has red verrucous processes, occasionally with small transverse cracks; the inner surface is brownish red, fibrous. The fracture surface is flat outside and fibrous inside. The lamellar ones are about 20 cm long, 5-10 cm wide and 2 cm thick. The outer surface is uneven, rust red, with longitudinal ridge and red verrucous protrusion; the inner surface is brick red. Weak Qi, bitter taste. The root bark is usually twisted, 2-7 cm long. The inner and outer surfaces are similar in color, but rough and scaly in appearance.

It is mainly produced in Indonesia, India and South America. It is also produced in Yunnan, Guangxi and Taiwan.

[chemical constituents] the dry bark, root bark, branch bark and seed of jinjile contain about 26 kinds of alkaloids, which are called jinjile alkaloids. Quinine is the most important one in medicine, followed by cinchonine, cinchonidine, quinidine and so on, and the rest is very low in bark. Most of them are quinoline derivatives and a few are indole derivatives. Many of the alkaloids are stereoisomers, such as quinine and quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine, cinchoptine and cinchomidine, epiquinine and epiquinidine, hydroquinine and hydroquinidine. In addition, there are cinconicine, quinicine, copperylene, Quinamine, cinconamine, quinidone, alixin, botryrin, cinchonine, methyl cinchonine, conquinamine, costanidine, diconquinine, etc. In addition to alkaloids, it also contains jinjile tannin, quinic acid, jinjile red, etc. In bark, alkaloids are combined with tannic acid and quinic acid.

The total content of alkaloids is 6-7%, including quinine 2-3%, quinidine 0.11%, cinchonidine 1.43-2.25%, cinchonide 0.12-1.73%. The contents of the above components were 15%, 10%, 0.08-0.44%, 0.1-0.54% and 0.08-0.38%, respectively. The contents of yellow, brown and yellow were 6-7%, 3.4%, 0.16-0.20%, 0.46-0.75%, 0.34-0.56% and 6%, 3%, 0.14%, 1.34% and 0.32%, respectively.

[pharmacological action] quinine is an important antimalarial drug, which can eliminate schizoites of various Plasmodium and terminate the attack of malaria. It is better for Plasmodium vivax, but worse for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. It can't eliminate the extraerythrocytic Plasmodium, so it can't prevent the relapse of benign malaria, and it can't eliminate the pre erythrocytic Plasmodium. It has no effect on Gametophyte of Plasmodium falciparum. In order to eliminate the source of infection, 8-aminoquinoline drugs should be added. Quinine is usually taken orally by tablet, and injection can be used for brain type or other severe falciparum malaria cases. For the pregnant uterus, only a weak excitatory effect; when the contraction has begun, the effect is more obvious, can strengthen its rhythmic contraction. It can also inhibit the myocardium, for the general protoplasm poison, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, easy to cause tissue stimulation, or even necrosis.

Quinidine can reduce the formation of impulse in ectopic rhythm point of myocardium, reduce stress energy, weaken conduction and contraction, especially it can prolong the refractory period of myocardium, which is clinically used to treat atrial fibrillation.

The side effects caused by quinine and other cinchona alkaloids are collectively referred to as cinchona reactions, such as tinnitus, headache, nausea, vomiting, visual and hearing loss, and even temporary deafness and blindness. After stopping the drug, it can recover completely. A few people have high sensitivity or specificity to quinine, the reaction is particularly serious, such as the so-called "black urine fever" (acute hemolysis), shivering, high fever, vomiting, back pain, black urine (hemoglobinuria), extreme anemia and urinary incontinence, and can be fatal. Rashes can also occur in a few people. Pruritus, angioneurotic edema and bronchial asthma.

[nature and taste] 1. In Gangmu Shiyi, the taste is slightly pungent. "

② "Guangxi Traditional Chinese medicine annals": "taste hard, cold nature, small poison. "

[function indications] treat malaria and relieve fever.

① In the compendium of compendium, it is said that "to cure malaria, to relieve alcoholism. "

② "Treating malaria, relieving pain and fever. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 1-2 yuan; or grind powder.

[should avoid] pregnant women should not take it.

[selection] 1. Treatment of malaria: Jin Ji Le Yi Qian, cinnamon Wu Fen. You can get two bucks for a strong man. (collection of compendium)

② Jiejiu: jinjile decoction. (collection of compendium)

Chinese PinYin : Jin Ji Le