Eucommia ulmoides

Chinese name (Ben Jing)

[category] skin

[synonyms] Sixian (Ben Jing), Mumian, Sizhong (BIE Lu), Zhen (Ben Cao Tu Jing), shisixian (Ben Cao Yan Yi Bu Yi), silianpi, Si neem bark (records of traditional Chinese Medicine), qisipi (records of Hunan medicine), simianpi (manual of Chinese herbal medicine) are synonyms.

[source] the bark of Eucommia ulmoides.

[plant morphology] Eucommia ulmoides

Deciduous trees, up to 20 m high. Branchlets smooth, yellowish brown or pale, with lamellar pith. The bark, branch and leaf all contain gum. Single leaf alternate; elliptic or ovate, 7-15 cm long, 3.5-6.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base broadly cuneate, margin serrate, young leaves above sparsely pilose, under dense hair, old leaves above smooth, below vein sparsely pilose; petiole 1-2 cm long. The flowers are unisexual, dioecious, opening at the same time as the leaves, or the first leaves, born in the axils of bracts at the base of annual branches, with petioles; without perianth; the male flowers have 6-10 stamens; the female flowers have a naked and elongated ovary with one locule and two forked styles at the top. Samara ovate, oblong and flat, apex concave, 1 seed inside. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruiting period is September.

Growing in mountain forest or cultivated. Distributed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and southern provinces, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places are cultivated.

The tender leaves (buds) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] in order to protect resources, local peeling method is generally used. During the period from Qingming to summer solstice, the plants that have been growing for more than 15 to 20 years were selected. According to the size of the medicinal materials, the bark was peeled, the rough skin was planed and dried in the sun. Place in a well ventilated and dry place.

[medicinal materials] the dried bark is flat plate or roll, with different sizes and thicknesses, generally about 3-10 mm thick and 40-100 cm long. The outer surface is grayish brown, rough, with irregular longitudinal cracks and oblique square transverse cracks. Sometimes light gray lichen spots can be seen. But most of the products have been peeled off, so the outer surface is light brown and smooth. The inner surface is smooth and dark purple. It is brittle and easy to break. The cross section is connected by silver white filaments, fine and dense, with slight flexibility. The taste is slightly bitter, and there are gelatinous residues in it. It is better to have a thick and large skin, a clean husk, a yellowish brown outside, a dark brown and glossy inside, and a lot of white silk when broken. Those with thin skin, few filaments or thick skin with thick skin are inferior.

It is mainly produced in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Henan, Guizhou and Yunnan. In addition, it is also produced in Jiangxi, Gansu, Hunan and Guangxi.

[chemical composition] the bark contains 6-10% Eucommia gum, and the root bark contains 10-12%. It is a hard gum which is easily soluble in ethanol and difficult to dissolve in water. In addition, it contains 0.142 mg% glucoside, 0.066 mg% alkaloid, 6.5 mg% pectin, 2.9 mg% fat, 1.76 mg% resin, 0.25 mg% organic acid, ketose (2.15 mg% before hydrolysis and 3.5 mg% after hydrolysis), vitamin C 20.7 mg%, aldose and chlorogenic acid.

The fatty acid composition of seed oil was linolenic acid 67.38%, linoleic acid 9.97%, oleic acid 15.81%, stearic acid 2.15% and stearic acid 4.68%. The fruit contains 27% gum and is easily soluble in ethanol, acetone and other organic solvents.

(1) antihypertensive effect

The extracts and decoctions of bark have long-lasting antihypertensive effect on animals. After intravenous injection of 5ml of its extract (1-2g crude drug) into anesthetized dogs, it produced significant hypotensive effect, lasting for 2-3 hours, showing a phenomenon of "rapid tolerance". In 3 dogs with renal hypertension, 5-8 g / kg of decoction was given by gavage every day for 4 weeks. The systolic blood pressure decreased by 8-22 mmHg (4-10%) at most, so the curative effect was not satisfactory. The effect of decoction is stronger than that of tincture. The antihypertensive effect of fried Eucommia is greater than that of raw Eucommia. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv has antihypertensive effect on cats, but it lasts for a short time. The antihypertensive effect on cholesterol atherosclerosis rabbits was more significant than that on normal rabbits, but it also produced "rapid tolerance". As for the principle of hypotension, it is preliminary because the active ingredients have not yet been determined. It has been proved that acute hypotension has no significant relationship with vagus nerve and is not affected by atropine. For isolated rabbit hearts, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv was excited at first and then slightly inhibited at a small dose; it was also reported that its inhibitory effect on the heart was related to its pH (between 4 and 5), and after adjustment, it was excited on the isolated hearts of rats and rabbits. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Has direct dilation effect on the normal rabbit ear blood vessels, but the same concentration makes the experimental cholesterol arteriosclerosis rabbit ear blood vessels show contraction effect. At low concentration, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Has dilation effect on the normal rabbit's coronary and renal blood vessels, on the contrary at high concentration, it also has contraction effect on the atherosclerosis rabbit's coronary blood vessels at low concentration. Because its hypotension is not directly related to heart and blood vessels, it is inferred that it is central.

② Diuretic effect

All kinds of Eucommia preparations have diuretic effect on anesthetized dogs, and there is no "rapid tolerance" phenomenon. It also has diuretic effect on normal rats and mice. The content of potassium in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv is 0.4%, so it is inferred that diuresis may be related to potassium.

③ Other functions

The clinical use of Eucommia ulmoides extract can reduce the blood pressure of patients with hypertension, and improve the symptoms of dizziness and insomnia. Large dose (20-25 g / kg / day) of Eucommia ulmoides extract can make dogs quiet, sleepy and not easy to accept external stimulation. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv can also inhibit the central nervous system in mice. It can inhibit the excitatory effect of the posterior lobe of pituitary gland on the isolated uterus of rats and rabbits, and make the uterus relax, but it has an excitatory effect on the isolated uterus of cats. It has been reported that Eucommia decoction has some inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. It seems that its alcohol extract can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in rat intestine.

[processing] Eucommia ulmoides: remove the rough skin, wash, moisten, cut into cubes or strips, and dry in the sun. Salted Eucommia ulmoides Oliv: first dissolve with boiling water, take Eucommia ulmoides Oliv pieces or strips, mix them with salted water thoroughly, then put them in a pot, stir fry them with slow fire until they are slightly scorched, and take them out to dry. After stir frying, the gum of Eucommia ulmoides will be destroyed and the effective ingredients will be easy to decoct.

① "Lei Gong Paozhi Lun" says, "if you want to use Eucommia ulmoides Oliv, you must first peel it. Fried with crisp and honey. Every practice one jin, crisp two liang, honey three Liang, two taste phase and make a use. "

② "Materia medica shugouyuan": "eucommia, stir fry with wine to break silk. "

[flavor] sweet, slightly pungent, warm.

① Ben Jing: "the taste is pungent and the taste is flat. "

② Bielu: "sweet, warm, nontoxic. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "bitter taste. "

[Guijing] into the liver and kidney channels.

① Wang Haogu: "the liver meridian is divided into Qi. "

② "Into the kidney meridian. "

③ According to the interpretation of Materia Medica classic, "start with the lung meridian of Taiyin. "

Functions and indications: tonifying liver and kidney, strengthening muscles and bones, and stabilizing fetus. It is used to treat lumbar and spinal pain, flaccid feet and knees, residual urine, wet itching under the Yin, fetal leakage, restless fetal movement and high blood pressure.

① "Ben Jing" says: "it can control the pain of waist and spine, replenish the essence, strengthen the muscles and bones, strengthen the will, remove the itching and dampness under the Yin, and urinate. "

② Bielu: "the master's feet are sore and he doesn't want to practice the ground. "

③ "Treatise on medicinal properties": "it can treat kidney cold, buttock and low back pain. The waist patient is weak and strong, and the wind is strong. It's not good for the waist. "

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "treating kidney fatigue, lumbar spine contracture. It's used in medicine. "

⑤ Wang Haogu: "moisten the liver dryness, tonify the liver meridian wind deficiency. "

⑥ Bencaozheng: "stop small water, warm the womb and calm the fetus. "

⑦ Yulao Yaojie: "it can benefit the liver and kidney, nourish the muscles and bones, and eliminate dampness in joints. It is used to treat lumbago and knee pain, leg and foot contracture. "

⑧ New materia medica: "full of strength, strong Yang.". "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 3-5 yuan; soak in wine or into pill or powder.

[should not] those with Yin deficiency and excessive fire should take it carefully.

① "Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu": "evil snake skin, Yuanshen. "

② "Materia medica classic:" kidney deficiency fire is not suitable for use. That is to say, it should be used in the same way as and in the same way. "

③ "To match the materia medica": "internal heat. Blood dryness is forbidden in both. "

[selected formula] ① for lumbago: one jin of Eucommia ulmoides, half a liter. Two things cut, divided into 14 doses, take one dose every night, with a liter of water, soak to five, fry three minus one, filter juice, with three or four sheep kidney, cut off, and then boil three or five, such as soup method, empty meal. Use salt and water. (box of Chinese)

② Treatment of low back pain: chuanyiqian, Sanqian, Eucommia (fried silk) Sanqian. Water for one hour, wine for half an hour, frying, dregs and then frying. (Si Xian San in Huo Xin Tong)

③ It's intolerable to cure low back pain: two liang of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv (remove the rough skin, burn slightly yellow, file), two liang, one Liang and two half of xiongshu, one or two or three points of Guixin. Take 4 yuan each. Fry one cup of water for 5 minutes. Remove dross. Add 2 parts of wine for the second time. Fry for 3 or 2 times. Take warm clothes before eating. (Sheng Hui Fang Du Zhong SAN)

④ Treatment of apoplexy, acute contracture of muscles and veins, weakness of waist and knee: Eucommia ulmoides Oliv (remove thick skin, burn, file) one or two, xiongshu one or two, (crack, peel). For the upper three flavors, file them like beans. Take five daggers and two cups of water each time. Put one jujube into it. Beat it to pieces and fry it to one. Remove the dross and warm it up. If the person walks five li to take again, perspiration cautiously outside wind. (Duzhong drink in Shengji Zonglu)

⑤ Treatment of residual urine

Chinese PinYin : Du Zhong