Aster

Chinese Name: aster (Ben Jing)

Root class

[synonyms] Qingwan (Wupu materia medica), zitongue (bielu), Huihun grass root, yeyuanniu (doumenfang), shiwanrong (materia medica).

[source] it is the root and rhizome of Aster tataricus.

[plant morphology] aster

Perennial herbs, 1-1.5 m high. Rhizome short, clustered, many fine roots, skin gray brown. Stem erect, upper part branched, surface grooved. The root leaves are tufted and fall off when flowering; the leaves are long elliptic to elliptic lanceolate, 20-40 cm long and 6-12 cm wide, with blunt apex and narrower base, extending into pterygoid petioles with sharp teeth on the edge and sparsely small setae on both sides; the stem leaves are alternate, almost sessile, with narrow elliptic or lanceolate leaves, 18-35 cm long and 5-10 cm wide, with sharp apex and often small tip Head, tapering below middle into a narrow base. The inflorescence is numerous, corymbose, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter, long peduncle, densely covered with setae; involucre is hemispherical, bracts are 3-row, oblong lanceolate, green and purplish; ligulate flower is purplish blue, unisexual, corolla 15-18 mm long, apex 3-lobed, base tubular, style 1, stigma 2-forked; tubular flower is yellow, about 6 mm long, apex 5-lobed, stamen 5-lobed, flower The anthers are slender, aggregated, surrounding the style; ovary inferior, stigma 2-forked, achene flat, curved on one side, 3 mm long, covered with short hairs; corolla white or light brown, 3-4 times longer than achene. The flowering period is August. The fruit period is from September to October.

Born in mountain or riverside grassland. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and other places. It is cultivated in Hebei, Anhui and other places.

[collection] in spring and autumn, it can be dug to remove the stems, leaves and soil, and dried in the sun, or the fibrous roots can be braided into small braids and dried in the sun. The commodity is called "plaited aster".

[herbal medicine] the dried rhizome is round in shape, about 2-6 cm long and 1.5-3 cm in diameter. There are vestiges of stem base and petiole at the top. There is a mother root at the bottom, about 3 mm in diameter, light grayish yellow, fibrous and slightly hard. There are many fibrous roots clustered under the rhizome, about 5-14 cm long, mostly braided. The surface is purplish red or grayish red, with longitudinal wrinkles. It is flexible and not easy to break. The cross section is gray white with purple edge. Slightly fragrant, sweet and slightly bitter. The root length, purple color, flexible quality and clean stem seedlings are the best.

Mainly produced in Hebei, Anhui and other places.

In addition to one of the above, the root of Gouwa flower of Altay is used as medicine in Xinjiang region (see the article "aster Altai"), and the root and rhizome of Aster marginata and aster bicolor are used as medicine in Tibet region. In Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Xinjiang and other places, the roots of many species of Ligularia in Compositae family are also used as aster medicine, and the commodity is collectively referred to as "mountain aster". It is hard and easy to break, fragrant and slightly spicy. The original plants are mainly Ligularia nephrophylla, Ligularia Siberia, Ligularia bracteata, Ligularia sichuanensis, Ligularia macrophylla, Ligularia fissa, etc.

[chemical constituents] the root contains Abies terpenoids, Abies terpenoids, aster ketone, aster saponins and quercetin, and the volatile oil contains Maoye alcohol, Maoye acetate, anisole, hydrocarbon, fatty acid and aromatic acid.

[pharmacological effects] 1. Expectorant and antitussive effects

The results showed that the decoction of 1 g / kg had a significant expectorant effect (respiratory secretion assay) in anesthetized rabbits, and the effect lasted for more than 4 hours. The crude extract also increased the tracheal secretion of rats. The cough caused by iodine infusion into the right pleural cavity of the cat was ineffective, but the cough caused by ammonia spray had a significant effect.

② Antibacterial action

In vitro, it has certain inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentery (sonnei), proteus, typhoid, paratyphoid, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae.

③ Anticancer effect

Epirubicin isolated from Aster tataricus has anticancer effect on Ehrlich ascites cancer.

[processing] aster: pick up impurities, remove residual stems, wash, slightly moisten, cut into small sections and dry in the sun. Honey aster: take the section of aster and add refined honey (and appropriate amount of boiling water) to mix well, slightly moisten, stir fry with gentle fire until it doesn't stick to your hand, take out and let cool. (100kg per aster, 25kg honey)

Bitter and warm.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes bitter and warm. "

② Bielu: "Xin, nontoxic. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "bitter taste, flat. "

④ Bencao tongxuan: "Xingan, Weiwen. "

[meridian tropism] entering lung meridian.

① "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the heart, lung two channels. "

② According to the classic of Materia Medica, "when you start with Taiyin, you also enter Yangming. "

Functions and indications: warming the lung, lowering Qi, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. It is used to treat wind cold, cough, asthma, cough due to asthenia, vomiting of pus and blood, obstruction of the throat and adverse urination.

① Ben Jing: "it is mainly used to cough against the upper Qi, heat and cold in the chest, remove poisonous insects and impotence, and protect the five zang organs. "

② Bielu: "it can cure cough, saliva, pus and blood, stop asthma and palpitation, five kinds of fatigue, deficiency of body, deficiency of tonic, convulsion and epilepsy in children. "

③ "Theory of medicinal properties": "tonifying deficiency and descending Qi, treating chest and flank Qi, fatigue Qi deficiency and heat. "

④ "Tang Materia Medica": "treatment of asthma, Yin flaccidity. "

⑤ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "regulating middle and lung impotence, spitting blood, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. "

⑥ Ben Cao Yan Yi: "benefit lung qi. "

⑦ Wang Haogu: "the main rest of the cardia. "

⑧ Ningyuan's Shijian materia medica: "it can control the deficiency heat of lung meridian, open the throat obstruction and take the evil saliva. "

⑨ "Materia Medica from the new": "it is the holy medicine for blood and labor. It can also benefit the small intestine. "

⑩ "Ben Cao Zai Xin": "it is suitable to moisten the lung and lower Qi, cold phlegm and deficiency asthma. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5-3 Qian; or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] those who have solid heat should not take it.

① "Tusudong is the envoy" in Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu. Evil Tianxiong, Qu Mai, leiwan and Yuanzhi. Artemisia frigida. "

② "Tang Materia Medica": "evil Artemisia. "

③ "Ben Cao Zheng" says: "it is not appropriate to injure the lung and kidney by exertion, cough and asthma due to water deficiency and dryness. "

[prescription selection] 1. To treat chronic cough without fever: one or two of Aster (to remove the head of reed), one or two of tusihua, and one or two of Baibu banliang. Take three daggers, three pieces of ginger and one black plum. Mix them with the decoction. Take them after eating and when you want to lie down. (Ben Cao Tu Jing)

② After the treatment of typhoid fever, the patient suffered from lung flaccidity, cough, spit pus and blood odor, and gradually became thin: one or two aster, one or two Platycodon grandiflorum, one or two asparagus, one or two Fritillaria, three lily, three Anemarrhena, one or two dried rehmannia. Apply the medicine and sift it into powder. Take four yuan each. Fry one cup in water until six minutes. Remove the dross and take it warm. (Shiwan powder in shenghuifang)

③ Treatment of children cough on the gas, voice in the throat, not benefit: aster one or two, almond (peeled tip), asarum, a section of winter flowers. On the four flavors, daoluo for powder, two or three years old, each take half money dagger, rice drink tune, three days, more amount of size. (Shiwan powder in Shengji Zonglu)

④ Treatment of pregnancy cough, fetal restlessness: aster one or two, Platycodon half two, licorice, almond, mulberry two and a half money each, tianmendong one or two. Fine cut, three yuan per serving. A piece of Zhuru, fry in water, remove dross, add half a teaspoon of honey, fry for two times, warm. (Shiwan Decoction in Shanghan Baoming Ji)

⑤ Treatment of hematemesis, hemoptysis, coughing: true aster, qiangen, etc. For the fine powder, refining honey for the ball, such as cherry big, containing a pill, not to time. (Ji Feng Pu Ji Fang Zi WAN)

⑥ Treatment of women's death: aster powder, Jinghua water, three finger pinch. (Qian Jin Fang)

⑦ Lung injury, cough. Spend five money with aster, add water to a bowl, fry until 70%, warm. Three times a day.

⑧ Vomiting blood and coughing. Stir fry with Ziyuan and Wuweizi, grind them together, add honey and make them into meatballs, such as Gorgon. One pill at a time.

⑨ Postpartum hemorrhage. Take five pieces of Aster powder with water.

⑩ Wind obstruction of the throat. Use a root of aster, wash it and put it into the throat. If saliva comes out, the disease will gradually recover.

According to the classic of Materia Medica, it is not suitable for special use and multi-purpose use. It should also be used in combination with the bitter cold herbs of asparagus, Stemona, Ophiopogon japonicus and cortex mori. "

② "Materia medica tongxuan": "aster is pungent but not dry, moist but not cold, tonic but not stagnant. However, it can't be used alone or in many ways. If you can't urinate and drown, take one or two of them. "

③ "Ben Cao Zheng" says: "aster can enter the lung with pungent, and can reduce Qi with bitter. Therefore, it can be used to treat cough, upper Qi and phlegm asthma, but it can be used to treat cough, saliva, pus and blood caused by excess Qi in the lung, or fire evil punishing gold. When we look at Tao's BIE Lu, we can say that it is not enough, but it is also too much. "

④ "Medicine Huayi": "aster, sweet and bitter taste, cool and moist body, just in line with the lung blood. It is mainly used for the treatment of lung burning and leaf lifting, long-term coughing with blood in phlegm, and lung flaccidity, phlegm asthma, diabetes, so that the lung orifices have the function of cooling and enriching. When it is used in the liver meridian, the exterior disease of the liver is caused by insufficient exertion and heat; the interior disease of the liver is caused by accumulation of heat and Qi; the liver is also affected by vomiting and bleeding; the liver is also affected by bloody stool and drowning; all of them are effective. Because of its moistening body, it is good at nourishing the kidney, covering the kidney and governing the two stools, so as to moisten the stool dryness, promote the urination shortness and redness, develop Yin and Yang, and dredge the obstruction. In the same place, Ophiopogon japonicus enters the heart, calms the mind and nourishes the blood. With Cortex Moutan, Radix Paeoniae Rubra into the stomach, Qingre Liangxue. The mulberry bark is the medicine of Qi in lung, and the aster is the medicine of blood in lung. "

⑤ "Materia medica Fengyuan": "aster is the medicine of lung golden and blood division. In this classic, it can relieve cough and go against upper Qi, and the cold and heat in the chest can accumulate Qi. It can take the nature to dredge and benefit the blood gas of lung meridian. Those who get rid of Gu Du and Wei Fu are able to disperse Qi and lower Qi because of their painstaking and mild temperature. Gu Du can't stay. Wei Fu comes from lung heat and leaves burn. Aster is specialized in lung qi and makes heat go from the ear to the ear. Bielu has the effect of nourishing the blood gas of lung meridian in treating cough, saliva, pus and blood, eliminating phlegm and relieving thirst in Daming. Zeqi Decoction in the golden chamber for cough

Chinese PinYin : Zi Wan