dried human placenta

dried human placenta

(compendium)

[synonyms] cytidine (meishiji prescription), chaos skin, hunyuandan (materia medica Mengluo), fetal membranes, chaos clothing (compendium)

[source] placenta of healthy people.

[herbal medicine] the dried placenta is irregular round or oval dish shaped, 9-16 cm in diameter and of different thickness. Some of them are purple red or brown red, some are yellow, one side is uneven, there are many grooves, which are villous leaves; one side is amniotic membrane coating, which is smooth, with the remnants of umbilical cord in the center or on one side, scattered with small blood vessels around. Each one weighs 1-2 Liang. It's hard, crisp and fishy. It is better to be neat, yellow or purplish red and clean.

[chemical composition] the composition of placenta is complex. Placental globulin products contain many kinds of antibodies, which have been used for passive immunity in clinic for a long time. Human placenta also contains interferon (most of commercial placental globulin), which can inhibit the effect of a variety of viruses on human cells, as well as macroglobulin which can inhibit influenza virus, called β - inhibitory factor.

Placenta contains components related to blood coagulation, including fibrin stabilizing factor, urokinase inhibitor (which can inhibit the activation of fibrinolysin by urokinase) and fibrinolysin activator. In general, the effect of plasminogen activator is much lower than that of plasminogen inhibitor.

Human placenta contains gonadotropins A and B, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, oxytocin like substances, a variety of steroids such as estrone, estradiol, estriol, gesterone, androsterol, deoxycorticosterone, 11 dehydrocortisterone (compound a), cortisone (compound E), 17 hydroxycorticosterone (compound F), etc. There is no obvious synergistic effect of growth hormone and prolactin on the pituitary gland of rats, which is also called growth hormone and prolactin.

In addition, the acid extract of human placenta can also be used to relax the duodenum of rats and lower the blood pressure of rats. Its properties are the same as that of prostaglandin E1.

There are many valuable enzymes in human placenta, such as lysozyme, kininase, histaminase, oxytocinase and so on. In addition, it contains erythropoietin, phospholipids (lecithin accounts for 45.5-46.5%, many kinds of polysaccharides).

[pharmacological action] ① anti infective effect

Placental gamma globulin contains measles, influenza and other antibodies, as well as diphtheria antitoxin, which can be used to prevent or reduce measles and other infectious diseases. Because it is a protein, oral administration is ineffective and must be injected. Placental gamma globulin also contains interferon, which can be used to prevent or control virus infection in clinic. The placenta also contains lysozyme, which can prevent the death of mice (intraperitoneal injection) caused by enteritis; it also has a certain protective effect on the injury of endotoxin to rats; but it has no effect on endotoxemia caused by Escherichia coli.

② Enhance body resistance

Oral administration of placental powder to mice can reduce the pathological changes of tuberculosis, while in vitro it can promote the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, so it is considered that its main function is to increase the body's resistance. Intraperitoneal injection of hydrochloric acid hydrolysate from defatted placenta can obviously inhibit hepatic steatosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and ethylthiobutyric acid. Subcutaneous injection of human placenta extract can prolong the swimming time of mice; intramuscular injection of human placenta extract can also prevent and treat some experimental ulcers (reserpine, tension, ligation of the lower part of pylorus, etc.).

③ Hormonal effect

The placenta can produce chorionic gonadotropin physiologically, which has little effect on ovary, but has excitatory effect on testis; in addition, it can also produce estrogen and progesterone. The placenta may contain these hormones. Therefore, it has the pharmacological effects of these hormones. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCH) is a kind of protein substance, which is ineffective after oral administration and needs injection. Injection of placental extract into suckling rabbits seems to promote its development. It can significantly promote the development of thymus, spleen, uterus, vagina and mammary gland. It can also promote the development of thyroid gland and testis. It has little effect on pituitary gland, adrenal gland, ovary, pancreas, liver and kidney.

④ The effect on blood coagulation

Placenta contains so-called "urokinase inhibitor", which can inhibit the "activation" effect of urokinase on fibrinolysin, which may explain the decrease of fibrinolytic activity in pregnancy. The ratio of plasminogen activator to urokinase inhibitor was 1:3.4 in the myometrium and 1:1197 in the placenta. Human placenta contains low molecular weight coagulation factor XIII (a glycoprotein), so it can be used to treat patients with hemorrhage due to factor XIII deficiency. This coagulation factor can not only stabilize fibrin clot and promote wound healing, but also has the effect of antihistamine in animal experiments.

⑤ Other functions

In vitro, placental extract can promote the recovery of the inhibited heart. Placental protein contains "renin like" pressor substance, and its significance in the regulation of blood circulation remains to be further elucidated. Human placenta contains some glycoprotein, which can inhibit the synthesis of DNA in lymphocytes in vitro, but does not affect the cell viability. Placental extract can inhibit fever caused by desoxyephedrine in large amount. The pepsin digested liquid, water extract and 70% acetone extract of frozen placenta were detected by Warner respirator, which could promote the respiration of liver, heart, brain and yeast. Placental serum has an excitatory effect on isolated guinea pig uterus, similar to that of posterior pituitary hormone. The results showed that the intradermal reaction of placental chorionic extract in cancer patients was more significant than that in healthy people. It has a certain diagnostic value and can be further studied to improve its specificity.

[toxicity] after subcutaneous injection of human placenta extract for 3-6 months, there was no significant difference in weight gain compared with the control group. After 14 days of application of medium dose or above, there were tremors, bristles, swelling in the injection area, and no abnormality in appetite, blood and urine tests. More than 300 times of the clinical dosage, the atrophy of hepatocytes, steatosis and blood stasis, vacuolation of renal proximal convolution, increase of splenic blood volume and decrease of pituitary eosinophils were observed. No special changes were observed when the clinical dosage was less than 150 times. Subcutaneous injection of placental extract in pregnant mice and rats had no teratogenic effect. The development of newborn rats was more than that of the control group.

The rabbits died of dyspnea, purplish lips, incontinence, tetany and spasticity after intravenous injection of saline extract from placenta (or umbilical cord). Repeated intravenous injection has the phenomenon of rapid tolerance. This toxic substance can disappear due to dialysis, absorption and digestion.

The extract of bovine placenta from 3 to 4 months of gestation has low toxicity but no obvious pharmacological effect.

[processing] making Ziheche: use fresh Ziheche, cut blood vessels horizontally and straightly, and rinse with water repeatedly. In addition, put the Zanthoxylum bungeanum into the cloth bag, add water to fry the soup, remove the dregs, put the washed Ziheche car into the Zanthoxylum bungeanum soup, cook for 2-3 minutes, take it out in time, drain the water, mix it with yellow rice wine, steam it thoroughly in the cage drawer, take it out and dry it. (100 for each Ziheche, 4 liang pepper and 3 kg yellow rice wine)

① Wu Qiu: "Ziheche, get it, put it clean with rice swill, fill it with bamboo utensils, wash off the fascia in long running water, wash it with frankincense wine, fill it with bamboo strips, dry and grind it. There are also tile baking research, wine boiling and mashing, steamer steaming and drying, steaming is better. "

② According to the book of Ben Jing Feng Yuan, "human cells take the thick and small ones with fresh color, remove the blood and collaterals, rinse the blood and water, hold the pepper, boil the soup to remove the fishy water, use honey and long running water in the old tin ware, simmer in the water to make the pills look good. "

[flavor] sweet and salty, warm.

① "Materia medica Mong" says: "it is sweet, warm and nontoxic. "

② "Gangmu": "taste sweet and salty, warm, non-toxic. "

③ Yilin zuanyao: "sweet, bitter, salty, warm. "

[channel tropism] entering lung, liver and kidney channels.

① "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the heart, spleen and kidney. "

② According to the interpretation of Materia Medica classic, the liver meridian of foot Jueyin, spleen meridian of foot Taiyin and kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin. "

③ "Into the liver, lung, kidney three channels. "

Functions and indications: tonifying Qi, nourishing blood and benefiting essence. Treatment of deficiency, emaciation, fatigue, heat, bone steaming, cough and asthma, hemoptysis, night sweats, spermatorrhea, impotence, women's lack of blood gas, infertility or hypogalactia.

① According to the collection of Materia Medica, "the main body is thin, the woman is tired, the face is snoring, the skin is black, and the abdominal diseases are becoming thin and gaunt. "

② Wu Qiu: "it can treat asthenia, fatigue, epilepsy, loss of consciousness, trance, ease heart, nourish blood, replenish qi and essence. "

③ "Materia medica Mengluo" says: "it can treat all kinds of deficiency and white damage, and the body of Laohuang is passed on to the corpse. It can also treat five kinds of fatigue and seven kinds of injuries, such as bone steaming and hot tide, hoarse cough and voice in throat, thin and withered body, and red vomiting. "

④ "Huiyue medical mirror" says: "all kinds of bone steaming, night sweating, low back pain, soft knees, thin body and dry essence can all benefit. "

⑤ New materia medica: "greatly invigorate the vitality, regulate the blood points, and treat the mental injury and dream legacy. "

⑥ Modern practical Chinese medicine: "it is used for neurasthenia, impotence and infertility, as well as for labor pain and promoting milk secretion. "

⑦ Shandong Chinese herbal medicine manual: "prevention of measles. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: Yanmo, 0.8-1.5 yuan; or into pills.

[prescription selection] ① treatment of deficiency and damage of Laohuang, bone steaming and other diseases: one Ziheche (wash, pestle rotten), half Liang white Poria cocos, one or two ginseng, two or two dried yams. On the end, batter and into the river car, add three flavor, pill Wuzi big. Take three or fifty pills each time. Hollow rice drink, cough very, Schisandra soup. (he Che Wan, a good prescription for women)

② To cure the five labors and seven injuries, to vomit blood and to be thin: to wash away the evil blood with long running water when the clear juice comes out,

Chinese PinYin : Zi He Che