Ginkgo leaf

leaf

(pinhui Essentials)

[source] the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. See "ginkgo" for plant morphology.

[collection] harvest from September to October and dry in the sun.

Most of the dried leaves are folded or broken, and the intact ones are fan-shaped. There are irregular wavy notches on the upper margin, sometimes concave in the middle, wedge-shaped at the base, and the veins are parallel to each other, which are thin and dense, smooth and glabrous, and easy to tear longitudinally. It is fragrant and slightly astringent. It is better to have yellow and green leaves.

[chemical constituents] the leaves contain isorhamnetin, phenols, kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, quercetin, rutin, quercetin, bilobaflavone, isobilobaflavone, bilobalide a, extract, epicatechin, hanshizi catechin and other tannins.

The content of wax is 0.7-1%, of which 10% is acid, 15% is wax ester and 75% is non ester. The main components of wax are ginkgo alcohol, octadecane, octadecane-10-one and octadecanol. Shikimic acid, α - hexenal, linolenic acid, β - sitosterol and trace stigmasterol were also found in Ginkgo leaves.

[nature and taste] records of traditional Chinese medicine: "sweet, bitter, astringent, flat. "

[function indications] Yixin lianfei, Huashi Zhixie. Treatment of chest tightness, heartache, palpitation, cough, diarrhea, leucorrhea.

① "Pin Hui Jing Yao": "for the end and noodles to make cakes, simmer cooked food, stop diarrhea. "

② "Chinese medicine annals": "astringent lung qi, asthma cough, zhidaizhuo. It is used to treat phlegm, asthma, cough and leucorrhea. "

③ Su Yi's Chinese herbal medicine manual: "treating leg. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1.5-3 yuan; or grinding powder.

[taboo] records of Chinese materia medica: "it is forbidden to use it if there is real evil. "

[clinical application] for the treatment of coronary heart disease

Preliminary observation has a good effect on angina pectoris, and also has a certain effect on reducing cholesterol and blood pressure. 1. Take Ginkgo Biloba Extract Tablets orally, 2 tablets each time (each tablet contains 2 mg of flavonoids), 3 times a day; or make injection intramuscularly, 2-4 ml each time (each 2 ml contains 1.3-1.7 mg of flavonoids), 2 times a day. According to the observation of 139 cases, 34.5% of them were markedly effective (angina pectoris disappeared or significantly reduced or the number of attacks significantly reduced, ECG returned to normal or improved), and 43.2% of them were effective (angina pectoris degree reduced or the number of attacks decreased, ECG improved but still fluctuated). Most of the patients took effect within 3-10 days after treatment, and a few of them took effect within 20-40 days. After drug withdrawal, symptoms recurred in some cases, but the degree was lighter than that before treatment, and continued medication was still effective. About half of the patients' ECG returned to normal or improved, but it was not completely consistent with the improvement of angina pectoris. In the cases of high blood pressure, most of them have different degrees of decline after medication, but the effect of single use is not as good as that of combined use with antihypertensive drugs. Among the 49 patients with hypercholesterolemia, 25 cases (51.02%) showed a decrease of 20-40 mg% or more, 18 cases (20 mg%) showed an increase, and 6 cases showed no change. In addition, according to the treatment results of 100 patients with hypercholesterolemia, 88 patients had decreased cholesterol, 65 patients had increased phospholipid, and 71 patients had improved the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid. According to the three comprehensive evaluations, 49 patients were markedly effective, 50 patients were effective, and 1 patient was ineffective. There were also 23 cases of observation, no significant changes in blood pressure and cholesterol. 2. Take ginkgo aglycone buccal tablets (each tablet contains 0.5 mg ginkgo aglycone) sublingually, 2 tablets each time, 3 times a day. 41 cases of angina pectoris were treated, the total effective rate was 70.1%, of which 34.1% was markedly effective. Among the 32 patients who used nitroglycerin before, 15 cases were reduced after treatment, and 9 cases stopped. About half of the patients showed coronary insufficiency in ECG before treatment, and the improvement after 9 weeks was consistent with the clinical effect. Take Ginkgo biloba biflavone tablets sublingually, 2 tablets (1.2 mg) each time, 3 times a day. 24 patients with angina pectoris after 6 weeks of treatment, 1 case was markedly effective, 9 cases were improved, 14 cases were basically invalid; 21 cases of nitroglycerin were stopped after treatment, 1 case was decreased, 9 cases; 18 cases with abnormal ECG, 1 case was improved. The earliest time of curative effect was 2 weeks after treatment, most of which were 4-5 weeks. Take Ginkgo biloba tablets three times a day. In 60 patients with angina pectoris, the total effective rate was 75.5% after 8 weeks, and the markedly effective rate was 11.7%. The effective time was 2-5 weeks. More than half of the cases can stop or reduce the dosage of nitroglycerin. In addition, Ginkgo biloba leaves, Radix Polygoni multiflori and tablets were taken orally. The daily dosage was 1.5 yuan. 129 cases of angina pectoris were treated. The short-term effective rate was 60.4% and the markedly effective rate was 8.5% four weeks after taking the medicine. Most of the curative effects occurred within two weeks. In addition, Ginkgo biloba leaves, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, or Caragana are used to make tablets or injections, which have certain effects on angina pectoris, hypertension and cholesterol reduction. Ginkgo biloba has less side effects, but there are also a few patients with anorexia, nausea, loose stool, abdominal distension, dry mouth, nasal congestion and dizziness, headache, tinnitus, and other cases of allergic rash. In the course of treatment, if there is a significant drop in blood pressure and aggravation of angina pectoris, especially the aggravation of cardiac insufficiency, the drug should be reduced or stopped.

Chinese PinYin : Bai Guo Ye