Corydalis yanhusuo

Corydalis yanhusuo

(notes on materia medica)

[synonyms] Yanhu (Lei Gong Paozhi Lun), Xuanhusuo (Ji Sheng Fang), yuanhusuo (Yao Hua Yi)).

[source] it is the tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo.

Corydalis yanhusuo

Perennial herbs, 10-20 cm high. The tuber is spherical. Aboveground stem short, slender, slightly fleshy, with 1 scale above base. The basal leaves and stem leaves are isomorphic and petiolate; the stem leaves are alternate, with two or three compound leaves, and the second one often splits incompletely and presents a deep cleft shape. The leaflets are oblong, oblong or linear, about 2 cm long, with blunt or acute apex and entire margin. Inflorescence racemose, terminal or opposite; bracts broadly lanceolate; flowers reddish purple, transverse to the slender peduncle, peduncle about 6 mm long; calyx caducous; petals 4, outer wheel 2, slightly larger, margin pink, central cyan purple, upper part 1, tail extending long distance, distance about half of the total length, inner wheel 2, narrower than outer wheel 2, upper end cyan purple, healed, lower part pink The ovary is oblate, the style is thin and short, the stigma is 2, like a small butterfly. The fruit is a capsule. The flowering period is April and the fruiting period is May to June.

It grows under mountain forest or cultivated. Distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places.

[collection] from May to June, when the stems and leaves wither, they are collected and dug. After digging, rub off the floating skin outside, wash it, size it separately, put it into boiling water, boil it at any time, turn it over until there is no white heart inside and it turns yellow, take it out and dry it in the sun, and place it in a dry and ventilated place to prevent moisture and insects.

[medicinal material] the dried tuber is irregular oblate, 1-2 cm in diameter, with yellow or brownish yellow surface, slightly concave stem mark in the middle of the top, and pimple like protrusion at the bottom. It is hard and brittle with yellow cross section, horny and waxy luster. Odorless and bitter. It is better to be big, plump, firm, yellow and bright in color. Small, grayish yellow and white in the center.

It is mainly produced in Zhejiang.

Corydalis amurensis is a tuber of Corydalis amurensis. This is the earliest catch in Materia Medica. For example, in Materia Medica, it says: "yanhusuo was born in Xi state, and came from Anton, with roots like Pinellia and yellow color. In addition to the varieties mentioned above, there are also tubers of Corydalis miyanhusuo and Corydalis serrata.

Suyanhu, produced in Jiangsu Province, is a tuber of the same genus of tuyanhu. Its diameter is 0.5-1.2 cm, and its surface is yellow to earthy yellow. Its cross section is yellowish white, powdery, with many cracks or gaps in the middle. Its quality is poor and its yield is very small.

[chemical constituents] more than 10 alkaloids were isolated from Corydalis Corydalis tubers. Among them, corydalis, DL tetrahydropalmatine, protoopioid, l-tetrahydropalmatine, DL tetrahydropalmatine, l-tetrahydropalmatine, corydalis bulbiline, β - homochelerine, Coptis chinensis, dehydrocorydaline, as well as Corydaline and dehydrocorydaline were identified.

The tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo contains many protoberberine alkaloids, including Corydaline, cordieridine, dehydrocorydine, berberine, tetrahydroberberine, tetrahydrotetrandrine, tetrahydropalmatine, corydalis bulbiline, etc. It also contains protoopioid.

There are protoberberine alkaloids in the tuber of Rhizoma Corydalis miyanhusuo, including Corydalis, dehydrocorydaline, corydalis bulbiline, purpurine, l-tetrahydroberberine and coptidine. In addition, it contains proto opioid alkaloids, proto opioid alkaloids, β - homochelerine and irritant volatile oil.

The tuber of tuyanhu contains protopine, l-tetrahydroberberine, bicukulin, suyanhu A and suyanhu B.

Corydalis Corydalis from Korea contains protoberberine alkaloids: berberine, hydroberberine, tetrahydroberberine, berberine, tetrahydrocorydaline, tetrahydrotetrandrine and Corydalis skrjabini; apofene alkaloids: Corydalis, isocorydalis, norisocorydalis and papaverine; and protoopioid alkaloids: protopine and β - homochelerythrine. It also contains hydroxystreptomycin, stigmasterol, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

[pharmacological action] ① effect on central nervous system

1. Analgesic: it has obvious analgesic effect. The analgesic potency of the powder is about 1% of that of opioid. Among all kinds of formulations, alcohol extract and vinegar extract have the strongest effect, while vinegar extract has the strongest toxicity. Powder or alcohol extract is the best choice in clinic. When the analgesic effect of morphine is 100, the total alkaloids of corydalis and tetrandrine are 40 and 13 respectively. If the latter two are combined, the analgesic effect is not enhanced, but weakened. Corydaline, tetrahydropalmatine (or Corydalis a, b) and Corydalis ugly element all have obvious analgesic effect. Ugly element is stronger, followed by B element, and a element is the weakest. The analgesic index of B element is higher, followed by ugly element, and a element is the worst, but they are not as good as morphine. Kuitun also has a weak analgesic effect. The analgesic effect of B and C can produce drug resistance in rats, but the production speed is about twice slower than that of morphine, and there is cross resistance between B and C. 2. Stimulative, sedative and sedative effects: tetrahydropalmatine has obvious hypnotic effects on rabbits, dogs and monkeys at large doses, but it still has the feeling and is easy to wake up. The dogs began to sleep within 5-20 minutes after subcutaneous injection, which lasted about 80 minutes. After repeated administration, the dogs showed certain drug resistance. Tetrahydropalmatine can inhibit conditioned reflex, and has no obvious effect on the differentiation phase of animals, but has no obvious effect on unconditioned reflex. The effect is similar to that of chlorpromazine and serpentine. It can also prolong the hypnotic time of sodium cyclamate, reduce the spontaneous and passive activities of mice, make the appearance of rabbits quiet, and change the brain wave into high voltage slow wave. It can also reduce the toxicity of large amount of amphetamine. It can also tame monkeys. It also has the effect of antagonizing moscalin in mice, so it has some characteristics of tranquilizer. The sedative and sedative effects of ugumin were not as good as tetrahydropalmatine, but decyl was weaker. 3. Other effects: tetrahydropalmatine can make strychnine prone to convulsion, but it can inhibit the convulsive effect of pentamethylenetetrazol, can not resist the occurrence of electric shock, and can slightly cooperate with the anti electric shock effect of phenytoin sodium. It has mild central antiemetic effect on dogs and mild hypothermia effect on rats. Four action principles: tetrahydropalmatine can inhibit the electrical activity in cortex and subcortical area, especially in the motor sensory area of cortex. However, the direct application of the drug to the cortex and the experiment in isolated cortex proved that it had no direct effect on the cortex. Tetrahydropalmatine can significantly inhibit the wake-up response caused by skin stimulation, inhibit the evoked potential of midbrain reticular formation and hypothalamus, and block some descending functions of brainstem reticular formation. Therefore, it plays a selective role in subcortical structure. The effect of chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine on the descending sexual function of brainstem reticular formation is similar, but they also have different parts of action, so their effects are not completely consistent. Although it can also inhibit the electrical activity of spinal cord, its effect is less obvious than that of brain stem. Tetrahydropalmatine has no obvious effect on the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain. The sedative effect of reserpine can be reversed into excitatory activity by monoamine oxidase inhibitor, but tetrahydropalmatine is not affected by it, which indicates that the action mode of reserpine is different from that of reserpine. The effect of tetrahydropalmatine on the release of sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitters was also different from that of reserpine and morphine. Its analgesic effect is similar to and different from morphine. There was no analgesic effect when the solution of the two drugs was applied to the motor sensory area of the cerebral cortex of rabbits, indicating that there was no direct paralysis effect on the cortex. However, the gray matter around the third ventricle is more sensitive to morphine, and morphine injection into the brain of mice has obvious analgesic effect, but these parts are not very sensitive to tetrahydropalmatine. Therefore, tetrahydropalmatine is a new central inhibitor. Its analgesic effect is less selective than that of morphine, and its sedative and hypnotic effect is less obvious than that of chlorpromazine. The effect is rapid and significant, and it is easy to control the time. The relationship between chemical structure and action: tetrahydropalmatine has different effects on the left and right photoisomers, the left-handed has analgesic and sedative effects, but the right-handed has no; the left and right-handed photoisomers have synergistic effect on strychnine convulsion, but the right-handed has obvious effect. Levorotator is a central inhibitor, while dextrorotator is on the contrary.

According to the comparative study of 38 tetrahydropalmatine analogues, it can be seen that: a. the saturation of the third ring is the necessary condition to ensure analgesia; B. the substitution of methyl or halogen elements on the mother nucleus will weaken the effect; C. the methoxy ether bond of tetrahydropalmatine will also weaken the effect when it is replaced by other alkoxy ether bond or ester bond; D. keeping the four rings of the mother nucleus The integrity of the system is important. When the second ring and the third ring of the parent nucleus split and remained the cyclic tertiary amine, the efficiency was weakened. When the second and third rings communicate, the effect disappears. When the second and third rings or the second, third and fourth rings split into chain tertiary amines at the same time, the nature of action will change, the central inhibition will be lost and the phenomenon of short-term excitation will appear. Tetrahydroberberine, whose chemical structure is similar to tetrahydropalmatine, also has analgesic, sedative and sedative effects, but tetrahydropalmatine has stronger analgesic and hypnotic effects, while tetrahydropalmatine has stronger sedative and sedative effects, which may be related to the presence of hypomethoxy group in the structure of tetrahydropalmatine.

② Effects on gastrointestinal tract

Intradermal injection of tetrandrine had no significant effect on gastric secretion, but a large amount of tetrandrine significantly reduced the total amount of gastric secretion, acidity and digestibility of gastric juice. Healthy adults

Chinese PinYin : Yan Hu Suo