Eucalyptus leaves

(pharmacognosy by Li chengku)

[synonym] eucalyptus leaf (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine), Eucalyptus globulus leaf (Guangxi Chinese medicine annals).

[source] it is the leaf of Eucalyptus globulus.

[plant morphology] Eucalyptus globulus, also known as ash willow, Yushu, walnut, blue oil wood, carambola and Eucalyptus globulus.

Evergreen trees, up to 7 m high. The bark is square and flaking. Normal leaves alternate, lanceolate, falcate, 12-30 cm long, glandular punctate, lateral veins end at leaf margin; abnormal leaves sessile or shortly stipitate, opposite, ovate. The flowers are white, about 4 cm in diameter, solitary or 2-3-flowered; calyx tube and calyx are united with petals, the cap body is slightly flat, hard and nodular, covered with blue white wax powder, conical in the center, shorter than calyx tube, caducous; stamens are numerous, in series, filaments are white. The capsule is cup-shaped, 1.8-2.5 cm in diameter, with thick rim, 4 edges and indistinct tumor or groove, 4 petals, flush with the rim. The fruiting period is summer and winter.

It is cultivated in the South and southwest of China.

The root bark of this plant (Eucalyptus globulus root bark) is also used for medicine. See the special section for details.

[collection] it can be harvested all year round, and the old leaves can be folded, dried in the shade or used fresh.

[medicinal materials] the leaves of Eucalyptus are lanceolate, sickle shaped, 12-30 cm long and 2-7 cm wide, leathery and thick, with sharp apex, asymmetric base, entire margin, yellow green above, smooth and glabrous. On the perspective of sunlight, there are numerous small transparent glandular spots, and most of the reddish brown cork spots. Petiole 1-3 cm long, flat and twisted. Slightly fragrant, cool and slightly bitter.

Produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

[chemical constituents] the leaves contain 0.92-2.89% volatile oil, and the main components are 1,8-cineole, pinene, neronene, cumaldehyde, apinol and 1-acetyl-4-isopropylidene cyclopentene. It also contains rutin, quercetin, quercetin, l (+) - homoserine and Eucalyptus.

Flowers also contain volatile oil, and its components are similar to those in leaves. The bark contains tannins. The tar obtained from this plant contains guaiacol.

[pharmacological action] a substance was isolated from Eucalyptus globulus by column chromatography, which has inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria and detoxification effect on tetanus and diphtheria toxin in vitro. After subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg / kg, no toxic reaction was found in two weeks. The water extract of Eucalyptus leaves could inhibit the oxygen consumption and acid dehydrogenase activity of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella paratyphi. The inhibition was not related to the gram reaction, but was proportional to the concentration of Eucalyptus leaves. The concentration of eucalyptus oil in Eucalyptus globulus is more than 6%, which can resist tuberculosis in test tube. It can also be used in more than 10 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (inhalation or tracheal drip). Eucalyptus globulus extract and eucalyptus oil can be used as inhalants for respiratory diseases, especially for upper respiratory tract infection; oral administration of Eucalyptus globulus extract and eucalyptus oil has expectorant effect in patients with chronic bronchitis, and can be taken orally and inhaled in patients with asthma. Eucalyptus oil and Eucalyptus globulus extract can also be used in some skin diseases, and as irrigating agents for wounds, ulcers and fistulas. After oral administration, eucalyptus oil can drive hookworm, its tannin has a slight astringent property, its volatile oil can drive wind, and the volatile oil is absorbed from digestive tract and partially excreted from respiratory tract. In addition, eucalyptus oil can also be used as deodorant and analgesic for patients with neuralgia. Some people think that eucalyptus has local anesthetic effect.

[toxicity] 29 cases of eucalyptus oil poisoning were reported, among which 7 cases died. The lowest lethal dose was only 3.5 ml, but some recovered after taking 30 ml. The poisoning symptoms were burning sensation in upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, fatigue, pale or purplish skin, chilly limbs, rapid pulse, drowsiness, even delirium and convulsion. There is a strong smell of eucalyptus oil in the patient's breath, which can last for 1-2 days. Sometimes there is a smell in the urine and feces. Some sensitive patients can also cause dermatitis to common dosage.

Bitter, pungent and cool.

① "Guangxi Traditional Chinese medicine annals": "bitter taste, warm nature. "

② Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine annals: "it is warm in nature, bitter in taste and non-toxic. "

③ Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine: "bitter, pungent, cool. "

[function indications] it is used to treat cold, influenza, dysentery, enteritis, arthralgia, cystitis, scald, scabies, erysipelas, neurodermatitis, eczema, carbuncle, swelling and toxin.

① "Guandai practical Chinese medicine": "antipyretic, treatment of enteritis and bladder diseases. "

② Li Chenghu's pharmacognosy: "decoctions are used to treat erysipelas and other infectious suppurations. "

③ Prevention of cold and treatment of dysentery. "

④ Sichuan records of traditional Chinese medicine: "the treatment of joint pain and postoperative pain after surgery.". "

[usage and dosage] oral: decoction, 3-8 yuan. External use: decocting and washing, powdering and spreading, or boiling and applying.

[formula selection] 1. Treatment of enteritis and diarrhea: eucalyptus leaf, tea. Fried soup.

② Treatment of joint pain: Eucalyptus, Xiangtong, etc. Fried soup.

③ Treatment of cystitis, urination blood pain: eucalyptus leaf, stone reed, sea gold sand. Fried soup. (1) Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine annals

④ Treatment of scabies: eucalyptus leaves fried and washed. (Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine)

⑤ Cure epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, influenza, hookworm disease: eucalyptus leaves three money. Take it in water, twice a day. (Wenshan Chinese herbal medicine)

⑥ Treatment of neurodermatitis, carbuncle sore swelling poison, leprosy ulcer: eucalyptus leaves appropriate, boiling water wash. (Wenshan Chinese herbal medicine)

⑦ Treatment of mumps, conjunctivitis: nuclear leaves three to five money. Take it by frying.

⑧ Treatment of skin eczema: external application of Eucalyptus leaves boiling cream.

⑨ Treatment of burns, trauma and bleeding: eucalyptus leaf powder sprinkled on the injured part. (7) the following formula is selected from Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine.)

[clinical application] 1. Prevention of measles

With eucalyptus leaves 60 Jin, 350 Jin water, fried into 150 Jin. Take 1 tbsp each time from 3 months to 1 year old, 2 tbsp each time from 2 to 4 years old, 3 to 4 tbsp each time from 5 years old and above, 3 times a day for 9 days. A total of 267 children (including 160 children with contact history) were observed. After 2 months, 16 children developed rash, accounting for 10% of the total number of contact history and 6% of susceptible children. During the same period, another 30 people were observed with placental powder syrup, among them, 22 people had contact history, 19 people had rash 3-9 days after taking the medicine, accounting for 86% of the contact history, accounting for 63% of the susceptible people; 16 people were observed with root and compound decoction (11 children had contact history), 10 people still had rash 9 days after taking the medicine, accounting for 91% of the contact history, accounting for 66% of the susceptible people. Therefore, it seems that eucalyptus leaves have a certain effect on measles prevention.

② Treatment of hookworm disease

The leaves of Eucalyptus from Pu'er County of Yunnan Province were taken, shade to half dry. 1 liang each time, chop, add water, simmer for about 3 hours, filter and concentrate to 50-60 ml. Take it once before meals without laxatives. 206 patients (7-20 years old students) with hookworm disease were treated. Before treatment, hookworm eggs were found by saline floating method. After 15 days of treatment, 175 patients were reexamined with the same method, and 105 patients were negative, with a negative conversion rate of 60%. After taking the medicine, headache and abdominal discomfort occurred in some cases, but disappeared in the next morning.

③ Treatment of bacillary dysentery

70 cases of bacillary dysentery were treated with 15% eucalyptus leaf Decoction by retention enema, once a day, 100ml each time. The results showed that the number of stools returned to normal in 4.7 days on average, and abdominal pain, diarrhea and purulent blood disappeared in 3-4 days on average. Among them, Shigella flexneri was isolated from 36 patients by fecal culture. After treatment, 10 patients turned negative one day, 15 patients turned negative 2-5 days, 7 patients turned negative 6-10 days, and 4 patients turned negative 11-17 days. In addition, 50% eucalyptus leaf decoction was taken orally three times a day, 40 ml each time, 10 days as a course of treatment; 10 cases of acute typical bacillary dysentery were treated, and the average time of stool culture turning negative was 3.3 days. In addition, more than 200 cases of diarrhea were treated with eucalyptus leaves washed and dried powder, 1g each time, and children took it 4 times a day. In case of severe abdominal pain, can cooperate with, licorice, etc.

④ Treatment of tuberculosis

One oral method: take 50% eucalyptus leaf Decoction 20-50 ml each time, 3 times a day for 3 months as a course of treatment; if the general condition is good, take a rest for half a month, and then take another course of treatment. Children and women can take 20-50 ml of Yiye syrup (1 000 ml of decoction, 150-200 ml of single syrup) three times a day for three months. If spitting purulent smelly sputum or accompanied by stomatitis, gargling with 10% eucalyptus leaf decoction can clean the mouth and relieve the stink of sputum. 11 cases of invasive pulmonary tuberculosis were treated, including 3 cases of significant progress, 6 cases of general progress and 2 cases of no change; 14 cases of chronic fibrocavitary pulmonary tuberculosis were treated, including 1 case of significant progress, 6 cases of general progress, 4 cases of no change and 3 cases of deterioration; 9 cases of chronic fibrocavitary pulmonary tuberculosis were treated, including 1 case of significant progress, 4 cases of general progress, 2 cases of no change and 2 cases of deterioration. Two tube drip method: use 1-2% eucalyptus oil, about 10-20 ml each time. The main symptoms of 10 cases were alleviated or disappeared rapidly, the sputum bacteria turned negative, the cavity gradually narrowed, and it tended to close after 1-2 months. Three cigarette inhalation method: use an ordinary cigarette holder (not chemical), place a small amount of cotton, drop eucalyptus oil on the cotton, then inhale (without ignition). Inhale 0.5-1 ml (pure eucalyptus oil) every time, 3-4 times a day, about 10 minutes each time. Do not make the liquid contact the oral cavity when inhaled, so as not to stimulate the oral cavity

Chinese PinYin : An Ye