Acacia

Acacia

(Tang materia medica)

[synonyms] Hongdou (collection of Wang Youcheng), yunnandouzi (identification of added fake medicine strips), hongqidou (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine), Acacia bean, jimuzhu, Nandan Zhenzhu, bazhongshan coral (Leguminosae), guanyinzi, guiyanzi (medical records of Nanning City), yuanyangdou (manual of traditional Chinese Medicine), tugongdou (Pharmacology), langjundou (guangjundou) Eastern medicine).

[source] it is the seed of Acacia.

Acacia seed

Twining vines. Stem slender, slightly lignified, surface sparsely white setiform pubescence. They are double pinnate compound leaves, alternate, 4-11 cm long; the leaf axis is covered with setiform setae, and the apex is pointed; the leaflets are 8-20 pairs, with short petioles; the leaflets are oblong to oblong obovate, 5-20 mm long, 3-8 mm wide; the apex is obtuse and pointed, and the base is round, forming a broad wedge, entire, smooth above and covered with setiform setiform setae below; the leaves are easy to be carved. Raceme axillary, rachis stout, fleshy, covered with setate setae; flowers small, densely arranged, lavender, ca. 9 mm long, with short peduncle; calyx yellowish green, campanulate, ca. 3 mm long, xianrui has 4 short teeth, lateral hairy; corolla butterfly, petal broadly ovate, base with triangular claws, wing and keel narrow; stamens 9, in a bundle; ovary superior, broadly linear, Hairy, style short, stigma with papillae. The pods are yellowish green, leathery, oblong, flat or inflated, 2-4.5 cm long and 1.2-1.4 cm wide, with a curved beak at the apex, and densely covered with white setiform hairs. Seeds 1-6, oval, base near hilum, part black, upper part scarlet, glossy. The flowering period is from March to May. The fruit period is from May to June.

It grows in hills, mountains and roadside shrubs, and is often cultivated in villages. It is distributed in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan.

The roots (Acacia subroots) and stems and leaves (Acacia) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] the mature pods were picked in batches in summer and autumn and dried in the sun. The seeds were beaten out and dried in the sun after the impurities were removed.

[medicinal materials] the dried seeds are oval in shape, a few of them are nearly spherical in shape, with a long diameter of 5-7 mm and a short diameter of 4-5 mm. The surface is red, and the hilum is white and oval. It is located at one end of the ventral surface and around it is black, accounting for 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the surface of the seed coat. The ridge is located at one end of the hilum, which is slightly convex and straight. There are two cotyledons and radicles in the seed coat, which are light yellow. The air is green and the taste is astringent. It's better to be big, red head, black background, colorful, round and full.

It is mainly produced in Guangdong and Guangxi; in addition, it is also produced in Fujian and Yunnan.

[chemical constituents] the seeds contain Acacia alkaloid, Acacia spirit, Jatropha curcas alkaloid, methyl cation of N, n-dimethyltryptophan methyl ester, Acacia bean, choline, trigonelline, Acacia toxin protein, squalene, β - vanillin, cycloxylene, stigmasterol, β - sitosterol, rapeseed sterol, 5 β - cholic acid, Acacia acid and flavonoids. The ash of seeds contains iron, lead, calcium, silicon, magnesium, sulfate and phosphate. The seed peel contains 0.6-0.8% gallic acid and Acacia glycosides.

[pharmacological action] the properties of Acacia toxin protein are similar to ricin. These phytotoxic proteins are cytotoxic and cause similar toxic symptoms: body temperature rises first and then decreases, protein excrement appears, and sometimes convulsions; autopsy after death shows agglutination of red blood cells, hemolysis, destruction of histiocytes, punctate hemorrhage of serosa, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and darkening of color, etc. The toxic protein is very toxic to horses. It is toxic when taken orally for more than 15 g. however, if the dose is increased gradually from a small amount, the immune system can be obtained; the toxicity to dogs, geese and calves is very small. The seed shell is very hard. If you swallow it whole, it will not cause poisoning. If you swallow it again after chewing, half a seed can cause poisoning. The sterol fraction in the seed has contraceptive effect on mice and rats, and the protein component in the seed has oxytocin like effect. Its potency is 0.02-3.0 Mg on the uterus specimens of non pregnant guinea pigs, which is equivalent to oxytocin 0.003 IU. The ethanol extract of seed (especially seed coat) can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, paratyphoid Bacillus A and B, Shigella dysenteriae and some pathogenic skin fungi in vitro; the paper chromatography shows that there are gallic acid and some phenolic substances, and the toxicity is very low. The water-soluble protein of seeds has antitumor effect in vivo (Yoshida sarcoma in rats and fibrosarcoma in mice) and in vitro.

It's hard, flat and poisonous.

① "Ben Cao Shi Yi": "Xin, there is little poison. "

② "Compendium": "bitter, flat, have small poison. "

③ Lu Chuan's materia medica: "Xin Gan, there is little poison. "

[functions and indications] 1. The collection of materia medica: "Tongjiu orifices, heart and abdomen Qi. Stop heat, stuffy headache, wind and phlegm. Kill all insects in abdomen and skin. "

② Modern Practical Traditional Chinese medicine: "it is used to treat skin diseases such as scabies and ringworm. It is an infusion or paste. "

[usage and dosage] it should not be taken orally to prevent poisoning. External use: mash and coat the affected area.

[selected prescription] treatment of miasma, cold and heat: 14 pieces of Acacia. Take it with water, take it with vomit. (Qian Jin Fang)

Chinese PinYin : Xiang Si Zi