olive

olive

(rihuazi materia medica)

[synonyms] olives (Nanzhou foreign body records), olives (mengshen), Zhongguo (jishizhu), Qingguo (wanlingji), Qingzi (Dongpo poetry collection), Jianguo (qidongyeyu), qingolives (haicha Yulu), Bailan (Guangdong Xinyu), Huanglan and Ganlan (Luchuan materia medica).

[source] it is the fruit of olive.

[plant morphology] olive

Evergreen trees, more than 10 meters high. The bark is light gray and smooth; the buds, new branches, petioles and rachis are covered with very short pubescence and lenticels. The leaflets are 11-15, opposite, oblong lanceolate, 6-15 cm in length and 2.5-5 cm in width, apex acuminate, base oblique, entire, glabrous, both sides of reticulum obvious, with small pits on the lower reticulum, slightly rough. Panicle terminal or axillary, as long as leaves or slightly short; calyx cup-shaped, usually 3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed; petals 3-5, white, fragrant, about twice as long as calyx; stamen 6; pistil 1, ovary superior. Drupe ovate, about 3 cm long, yellowish green at first, yellowish white later, wrinkled. There are 1-3 seeds in the hard nucleus. The flowering period is from May to July. The fruit period is from August to October.

It is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan and Taiwan.

The root (rhizome), kernel (kernel) and seed kernel (kernel) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] the fruits are picked after ripening, dried in the sun or in the shade, or soaked in salt water and dried in the sun.

[medicinal material] fresh olive: fusiform, blunt round at both ends, or acuminate, up to 3-4 cm in length and about 1.5-2 cm in thickness. The appearance is green or yellowish green, and the one with a long time is dark yellow, smooth and glossy. There are small black protuberances at the top and fruit stalk marks at the base. The flesh is rather thick with yellow white and juicy inside. The fruit core is fusiform, brown, with 6 edges, hard and not fragile. There are three holes in the cross section of the core, each of which has a slender fusiform seed; the seed coat is reddish brown, the seed kernel is white, oily, fragrant, odorless, astringent and slightly sour, and it is sweet after chewing. It's better to be big, thick and green. Dry olive: the appearance is the same as above, the appearance is brown or purple brown, wrinkled, with most uneven wrinkles. The flesh is thin, brown or grayish brown, tough, and can be separated from the core. It tastes sweet, sour and astringent. It's better to be big, thick, grey green and without black spots.

Produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan and other places.

[chemical composition] the fruit contains 1.2% protein, 1.09% fat, 12% carbohydrates, 0.204% calcium, 0.046% phosphorus, 0.0014% iron and 0.02% ascorbic acid. The seed contains 7-8% volatile oil and aromatic alcohol.

[nature and taste] sweet, astringent and sour, flat.

① Ben Cao Yan Yi: "taste astringent, long food is sweet. "

② "Diannan Materia Medica": "it tastes sweet and sour and has a flat nature. "

③ "Materia medica re new": "taste sweet and astringent, cold nature. "

[channel tropism] entering lung and stomach channels.

① "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the spleen, stomach two channels. "

② "Ben Cao Hui Yan": "start with Taiyin and zuyang Ming Jing. "

③ "Ben Cao Zai Xin": "entering the liver, spleen and lung meridians. "

Functions and indications: clearing lung, promoting diuresis, promoting fluid production and detoxification. For sore throat, thirst, cough, hematemesis, bacillary dysentery, epilepsy, tetrodotoxin and alcohol poisoning.

① "The master of Meng Fugu juice. "

② Rihuazi materia medica: "appetizer, lower Qi, stop diarrhea. "

③ "Kaibao Materia Medica": "it is mainly used to eliminate wine. "

④ Ben Cao Yan Yi: "chewing juice and swallowing to cure fish sticking.". "

⑤ "Diannan Materia Medica": "it can cure all kinds of throat inflammation and big head plague. It can relieve dampness and heat, warm in spring, produce body fluid and quench thirst, promote phlegm, relieve fish poison, wine and stagnation. "

⑥ "The compendium of Medical Sciences" says: "to cure sore throat and chew the juice of pharynx, it can relieve all fish and turtle poisons. "

⑦ Bencao tongxuan: "strengthening essence. "

⑧ "The book of classical Chinese medicine meets the source:" it causes acne. "

⑨ "New Materia Medica": "soothing the liver and appetizing, moistening the lung and nourishing Yin, eliminating phlegm and regulating qi, stopping cough and treating hematemesis. "

⑩ According to the diet of suixiju: "cool the gall and calm the fear. "

(11) modern practical Chinese medicine: "for the treatment of neuropathy and epilepsy, it is used in combination with alum boiling into liquid cream. "

[usage and dosage] for internal use: decoction, 1.5-3 yuan; for external use: decoction, 1.5-3 yuan.

[prescription selection] ① when treating Xingfeng fire, sore throat, swollen throat: fresh fruits, fresh radish, decoction. (Qinglong Baihu Decoction in Wang's medical record)

② Treatment of wine injury: Ten olive meat, fried soup drink. (Ben Cao Hui Yan)

③ Treatment of heartache and epigastric pain: remove the core of salted (olivine) olive, make it clear that people are yellow and full, wrap it in paper and mud, forge it thoroughly, and adjust it in boiling water. (materia medica seeks the original)

④ Treatment of intestinal wind under the blood: olive ash (storage) at the end of the study, each take two money, rice drink adjustment. (Ben Cao Qiu Zhen)

⑤ For the treatment of puffer fish and turtle poisons and choking of fish bones: mashed olive juice or decoction. If there is no olive, grind it into powder or grind it into juice. (diet of suixiju)

⑥ Treatment of cleft lip sores: stir fried olive research, pig fat and apply it. (compendium)

⑦ Treatment of tooth chancre: use olive to burn and grind, add musk and paste a little. (Sheng Hui Fang)

⑧ Treatment of lower part of the chancre: olive, burning of the end of the research, oil transfer of the application, or add catechu, etc. (business in heaven and earth)

[clinical application] ① treatment of acute bacillary dysentery

Take 100 grams of fresh olives with seeds, add 200 ml of water, and fry them in a casserole over low heat for 2-3 hours. Make 100 ml and filter. Adults take it 3-4 times a day, 2 s-30 ml each time. Take it continuously until the stool character returns to normal, and stop taking it after 1-2 times a day. The general course of treatment is 5 days. If the stool character is not improved and the culture is positive, take 50 ml of Decoction and 50 ml of water for retention enema, 1-2 times a day for 3 days. 49 cases of acute bacillary dysentery were treated clinically. After taking the medicine, the fever subsided 12 hours on average, the stool frequency returned to normal for 2.8 days, the stool character improved for 3.8 days, and the stool culture negative time was 4.1 days.

② Treatment of skin diseases

It has the effect of astringent, anti-inflammatory and reducing exudation to treat acute inflammatory skin disease with wet compress of olive decoction. According to the observation, scrotal ulcer, vulvar ulcer and severe multiple exudative erythema, after medication, the ulcer surface immediately stops exudation, the Yellow secretion reduces, the wound pain alleviates, the granulation grows, the wound heals quickly; it also has the effect of stopping exudation on eczema and dermatitis. Preparation and usage: take 2 Jin of raw olive, mash it, add 1000 ml water, decoct it into 1000 ml liquid by gentle fire, and let it stand for half an hour Remove the slag. Wet compress with gauze soaking liquid, 3 times a day. It is better to apply cold compress in the early stage of ulcer, and hot compress (solution temperature is about 40-50 ℃) can be used when the inflammation is stable; Vaseline gauze can be used to cover the wound after wet compress. For eczema and dermatitis, combined with anti allergic drugs, vitamin C and zinc oxide oil for external use.

In the classic of Materia Medica, the taste of olive is sour and sweet. Today, it tastes astringent first and then sweet. It is also the fruit of lung and stomach. It can produce body fluid and chew without thirst after drinking. Therefore, it can eliminate wine and detoxify, so it can cure mackerel poison. Chub mackerel is also a puffer fish. "

Chinese PinYin : Gan Lan