Camptotheca acuminata

Camptotheca acuminata

(Zhejiang folk herbs)

Synonyms: dry lotus, water chestnut, water tung tree, catalpa, dry lotus seed, thousand tree, wild banana (Tianjin medical newsletter (6) 11971), water desert, dry lotus seed, Nanjing Wutong (Yunnan economic plant).

[source] it is the fruit or root of Camptotheca acuminata.

[plant morphology] Camptotheca acuminata

Deciduous trees, up to 30 m high. The bark is light gray. Leaves alternate, papery, elliptic ovate or oblong, 10-25 cm long and 6-12 cm wide, apex short acuminate, base broadly cuneate, entire or microwave-shaped, dark green glossy on top, sparsely pubescent on bottom, densely veined; petiole about 1.5 cm long. The flowers are monoecious, green white, sessile, mostly arranged in spherical head inflorescences, 4 cm in diameter, or several inflorescences arranged in racemes, with some solitary in the axils of the leaves at the end of the branches; the female bulbs are terminal, and the male bulbs are axillary. Bracts 3, pubescent on both sides; calyx cup-shaped, calyx teeth 5; petals 5, pale green, densely pubescent outside; stamens 10, 2-whorled, outer whorl longer; female ovary inferior, style 2-3-lobed. Achene narrow rectangular round, 2-2.5 cm long, with persistent style at the top, narrow wings on both sides, brown. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruit period is from November to December.

Most of them are planted in roadside or garden. It is distributed in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, etc.

The bark or branches (Camptotheca acuminata) and leaves (Camptotheca acuminata) of this plant are also used for medicine. See the special section for details.

[collection] the fruits are harvested from late autumn to early winter, dried in the sun, and the roots can be harvested all year round.

[chemical constituents] the whole plant contains camptothecin, the content of root is about 0.008%, the content of root, root bark, bark, fruit and branch is 1:2:1:2.5:0.4 respectively. There are camptothecin (camptothecin), 3,3 ′, 4-trimethyl-gallate and sitosterol in the roots. The dry wood also contains hydroxycamptothecin and methoxycamptothecin. The fruit also contains hydroxycamptothecin, deoxycamptothecin, camptothecin, betulinic acid and camptothecin, i.e. vinblastide lactam.

Anticancer effect

The alcohol extract of roots, stems, leaves and fruits of Camptotheca acuminata was tested on mice leukemia l-615, ascitic reticulosarcoma and viral leukemia. The results showed that fruits and roots could reduce the total number of leucothorax, spleen weight, ascites, number of living tumor cells in ascites, and the stems and leaves were ineffective. Camptotheca acuminata fruit wine extract injection (2ml, about 8g crude drug and 0.20-0.25mg camptothecin) has good curative effect on l-615 leukemia, sarcoma-180 (subcutaneous type) and Ehrlich ascites cancer, but has poor effect on transplanted liver cancer (subcutaneous type) in mice (inhibition rate 22%); water decoction tablet (compound) can prolong the survival time of l-615 leukemia animals by 40.9%; the injection is more effective in clinical application The remission period was 1-6 months. Camptotheca acuminata 2G / ml in methylene blue test tube method can inhibit the white blood cells of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelocytic leukemia. The effect of camptothecin sodium salt or suspension on sarcoma-180, sarcoma-37 in mice, L-615 has inhibitory effect on many kinds of animal tumors such as leukaemia, rat wacker's carcinoma and Yoshida's sarcoma, especially on mouse leukemia and rat Yoshida's sarcoma. The survival time of leukaemia and Yoshida's sarcoma can be prolonged by 90% with conventional treatment. If the drug is given once every three days with three times of conventional dose, the same effect can be obtained on ascitic Yoshida's sarcoma, but with 10 times of conventional dose The inhibition rate of subcutaneous inoculation of Yoshida sarcoma was 60%, and the growth of ascites and lame cells in mice with Ehrlich carcinoma was significantly inhibited. Hydroxycamptothecin and methoxycamptothecin were further isolated from Camptotheca acuminata. Both of them had similar effects on leukemia L-1210 as camptothecin. The main anticancer group of camptothecin was α - hydroxylactone ring. Clinically, it is used for gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, tracheal cancer, myelogenous leukemia, etc. The mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated, mainly in the nucleus, which can reduce mitosis. High dose of camptothecin can reduce the phosphorus content of RNA in the liver, thus inhibiting nucleic acid metabolism.

[toxicity] Camptotheca acuminata fruit injection was injected intraperitoneally 40 g crude drug / kg once in mice (about 100 times of the amount commonly used in adults). No animal died and there was no significant weight loss. 20-120 g crude drug / kg was injected intraperitoneally twice. The main toxic effects were liver, kidney and myocardium. The toxicity of camptothecin to Ehrlich ascites cancer (solid type) mice was more obvious than that of normal mice, and the tolerance was also poor. In the histological examination of various organs, the intestinal lesions were more prominent, especially in colon and cecum, showing acute catarrhal inflammation. The drug concentration in the intestinal tract was the highest, and the residence time was the longest. There is also mild damage to the liver. The median lethal dose of camptothecin sodium to mice by intraperitoneal injection was 8.81 mg / kg, similar to that by intravenous injection, which was 16 times of that of human body. Mild phlebitis may appear after intravenous injection. The side effect of camptothecin injection is less than that of camptothecin.

[nature and taste] 1. Jiangxi Chinese herbal medicine: bitter and astringent. "

② "Bitter, cold, poisonous" in Shanghai Chinese herbal medicine. "

[function indications] try to treat various cancers, acute and chronic leukemia, psoriasis and hepatosplenomegaly caused by schistosomiasis.

① Chinese herbal medicine in Jiangxi Province: "cancer control, knot elimination. It is effective for gastric cancer, rectal cancer, bladder cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia. "

② "Breaking blood and removing stasis" in the new outline of traditional Chinese Medicine. It has good curative effect on chronic lymphoid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia, and can only temporarily relieve the symptoms of acute leukemia. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, root bark 3-5 Qian; fruit 1-3 Qian; or made into needle or tablet.

[taboo] Shanghai Journal of Chinese herbal medicine: "it is generally believed that the effect of fruit is better than that of root bark, but it is more toxic. "

[clinical application] 1

According to the observation of some cases, the symptoms of the effective cases were improved after 2-4 weeks, such as appetite increasing, weight increasing, tumor shrinking or barium meal examination. It also has certain curative effect on lung cancer, esophageal cancer, lymphosarcoma, bladder cancer, malignant hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma, cylindroma adenocarcinoma in head and neck cancer, leukemia, etc. The effective rate of liver cancer is low, and it is easy to cause liver bleeding and other adverse consequences when large dose is used. Unfortunately, although the short-term curative effect after medication is significant, the remission period is very short, the curative effect is poor when repeated medication, and because of its large toxic reaction, some patients can not use a long course of treatment and are forced to stop medication. Therefore, when the tumor is too small to shrink further, radiotherapy or surgical resection should be carried out to achieve the goal of radical cure. Preparation, usage and dosage: 1 camptothecin: intravenous injection - routine dose is 5-10 mg, add 20 ml of normal saline, once a day; or 15-20 mg, add 20 ml of normal saline, once every other day, the total amount is 100 mg as a course of treatment. Large dose with 20 mg, plus 20 ml of normal saline, once a day, with a total of 300 mg for a course of treatment. Arterial injection - a small number of patients with liver cancer or head and neck tumor were injected through arterial cannula; a small number of patients with gastric cancer were injected into the gastric omental artery during operation. Each time 5-10 mg, add 10-20 ml of normal saline; or add 250 ml of normal saline, intra-arterial infusion, once a day. Intraperitoneal and pleural injection - for patients with Cancerous Pleural Effusion and ascites. After pumping (try to pump out the pleural effusion and the ascites), inject 10-20 mg or 30 mg into 20 or 30 ml normal saline twice a week. Local injection of tumor - 5-10 mg directly into the metastatic tumor, once a day or every other day. Intravesical instillation - add 20 or 30 mg of normal saline to 20 or 30 ml of normal saline, and instill the bladder after emptying the urine. Once a day, generally three times in a row; or 2-3 times a week. In addition, there are intramuscular injection, acupoint injection and other uses. Camptotheca acuminata fruit extract: the daily amount is about equal to 2-3 yuan of crude medicine, taken 3-4 times. Injection - 8 g crude drug per 2 ml. 2-8 ml intramuscular injection, intravenous injection or intravenous drip daily.

Camptothecin has considerable toxic reactions, mainly in the digestive system, urinary system, and hematopoietic function inhibition. Such as loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, hematuria, leukopenia, etc. Some cases have severe alopecia, rash, uncontrollable diarrhea (if measures are not taken in time, there is a fatal risk) and extrasystolic, palpitations, neuropsychiatric symptoms. The side effects of Camptotheca acuminata extract are less than camptothecin, mainly gastrointestinal reactions, cystitis reactions are rare, and bone marrow suppression is not serious. It can be used for more than 3 months under a certain dose.

② Treatment of psoriasis

20% Camptotheca acuminata ointment was used for external use, and Camptotheca acuminata injection (3 grams of crude drug per milliliter) was used for intramuscular injection, 6-9 grams each time, 3 times a day, or 9 grams each time, 2 times a day. 31 cases were observed, 6 cases were cured, 15 cases were cured recently, 10 cases were improved obviously. The scale gradually fell off and the local part became smooth. The treatment time of cured cases ranged from 25 to 56 days. The effect is better for new cases and those who have not received mustard gas ointment, and the effect is slower for those whose scales are fixed and difficult to peel off. During the treatment, 2 cases were injected with injection alone, and the effect was not significant after 2 weeks of observation, but 1 case was cured by external application of ointment alone. After half a year's observation, about two thirds of the patients were in treatment

Chinese PinYin : Xi Shu