Rhinoceros horn

Rhinoceros horn

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] low density (compendium), black rhinoceros horn (criterion of syndrome differentiation and treatment), fragrant rhinoceros horn (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the horn of rhinoceros, rhinoceros javanica, rhinoceros sumensis, etc.

[animal morphology] ① rhinoceros indicus, also known as rhinoceros unicornis (compendium).

It has a strong physique, second only to elephants and hippos in weight, about 3.2-3.5 meters in length and 1.8 meters in shoulder height. Large head, short neck, long ears, small eyes and large nostrils. The skin is hard and thick, completely hairless except for the ears and tail. There are wide folds in the scapula, under the neck and joints of the extremities, which are in the shape of? And there are many verrucous protrusions on the surface of the skin. The skin is dark gray and purplish. Both male and female animals have a horn, black, conical, thick but not long, generally about 30-40 cm long. The limbs were thick and strong with 3 toes.

It lives in humid and dense Savannah of subtropical zone. They live alone or two at the same time. They are nocturnal. They have strong sense of smell and hearing and weak vision. It feeds on fresh branches, tender buds, bamboos and mangoes. Distributed in Nepal and northern India.

② Javanese rhinoceros, also known as small one horned rhinoceros.

It is similar to the rhinoceros but smaller in shape. The skin also has thick folds, but the three folds on the back are completely connected up and down. This species only has male horns, born in the nose, small horns, only about 25 cm long.

Living in tropical forests, like swimming, afraid of the sun. They often inhabit alone or both sexes, and feed on fresh branches, buds, leaves, bamboos, mangoes and figs. Distributed in Java.

③ Sumen rhinoceros, also known as: two horned rhinoceros.

The body is the smallest, about 2.4-2.5 meters long. The body is hairy, brown or black, and the skin is thick and thick. Both male and female animals have two horns on the nose, with long anterior horn and short posterior horn. The upper lip does not protrude.

The living habits are the same as those of the above species. It is distributed in Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia.

The meat (rhino meat) and skin (rhino skin) of the above rhinoceros are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] rhinoceros is ferocious. When hunting, it is necessary to hide on the roadside, shoot, or observe the path of its footprints, and set traps on the way to capture it. After killing, cut off the rhinoceros horn.

[herb] the angle is conical, tapering from the bottom to the top, slightly curved, varying in length, and the larger one is more than 30 cm long. The surface is dark black, and the lower part is light brown. There are horse teeth around the bottom, called "horse teeth edge", about 3cm high, and the surface is uneven. The middle part of "Ma Ya Bian" upward has longitudinal lines and hard straight spines, commonly known as "bristles", sometimes with cracks; the middle part is gradually smooth upward, the corner tip is blunt and shiny, and bristle eye like dots can be seen. In front of the corner, there is a long concave ditch, about 9-15 cm long and 3 cm deep, which is commonly called "Tiangou". Under it, there is a protruding Gaogang, about 6-7 cm long and 2-4 cm high, which is commonly called "Digang". The chassis is large, oblong, narrow in front and wide in back. It is 13-20 cm long and 11-14 cm wide. It is grayish black or dark brown, and gradually becomes light outward. It is grayish brown or grayish yellow. The bottom is concave 3-6 cm. It is often called "Wozi" and covered with bristle shaped dots, which is often called "Sandi". The cuticle is hard, but it splits from the longitudinal plane. It is smooth and has no strands. The flakes are gray white with sesame dots or short lines. The air is slightly fragrant but not fishy, and the taste is slightly salty. The best color is black and bright, complete and without cracks, gray and black sand background, big mane eyes and fragrant air. The color of the chassis is gray and black, and the characteristics are incomplete or not obvious.

It is mainly produced in India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc.

In addition to the above varieties, there are two kinds of rhinoceros horn users as follows: 1. Wide angle: also known as cujiao, Zhujiao or Tianma Jiao, which is the horn of black rhinoceros or white rhinoceros in Africa. The angle is long, about 60 cm long, tapering from the bottom to the top, round in the middle, slightly curved in the upper, and thin and slightly flat at the tip. The upper part is gray black, and the lower part is gray yellow. Most commodities are painted bright black. The chassis is round, the nest is shallow, and there is a fishy smell at the edge of five Tiangou Digang and Ma ya. Also saw into irregular small pieces, known as "wide-angle flap.".

② Small rhinoceros horn: also known as "mushroom head", it is the small horn on the top of rhinoceros. It is 3-13cm long, dark and bright, with light color in the lower part and many longitudinal cracks. The top is round, like a small steamed bread. The chassis is round, 3-9 cm in diameter, with shallow "Wozi" and thin "sand bottom". In the longitudinal section, the filaments are thick, smooth, without strands, and mostly gray black. The pound is crooked. The taste is slightly cloudy.

[chemical constituents] the main component of rhinoceros horn is keratin. In addition, it contains other proteins, peptides, free amino acids, guanidine derivatives and sterols. Cystine accounts for 8.7% of the total amino acids in rhinoceros keratin. There are three basic amino acids: histidine, lysine and arginine. Its molecular number ratio is 1:5:12, so it is similar to wool and bovine horn and belongs to eukeratin.

Recently, the cheap buffalo horn is commonly used to replace rhinoceros horn in medical treatment, which promotes the research on the composition of the two kinds of horns. For the comparison of the two kinds of horn, please refer to the "buffalo horn" section. In short, both kinds of horn contain cholesterols, but rhinoceros horn contains a small amount of other sterols and basic peptide amino acids. Rhinoceros horn contains aspartic acid, but buffalo horn does not. The content of guanidine in rhinoceros horn is less than that in buffalo horn.

There were two ninhydrin positive spots on the anode side, which were slightly slower than cysteine. After hydrolysis, there was cysteine. Another acidic amino acid slightly slower than cysteine was found.

The extract of rhinoceros horn with hot water can get 2 mg / g amino acid, which contains about 20 kinds of acids such as serine and glycine. The decoction also contains ethanolamine.

[pharmacological action] ① effect on cardiovascular system

The blood pressure of dogs and rabbits increased first, then decreased, and then continued to rise. The change of blood pressure may be due to the combined action of heart and blood vessels. The perfusion of Toad's lower limbs showed a short contraction and then expansion.

② Antipyretic effect

Rhinoceros horn and wide horn had no antipyretic effect on rabbits with fever caused by Escherichia coli, and buffalo horn suspension and buffalo horn injection had no obvious antipyretic effect on rabbits with fever caused by milk.

③ Other functions

The extracts of rhinoceros horn, ox horn, sheep horn and pig's hoof claw nail have excitatory effects on isolated rabbit intestines. The total number of white blood cells in rabbits decreased and then increased sharply. There was no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus in vivo and in vitro.

④ From the results of isolated heart, intestines, blood pressure, antipyretic, hemogram and bacteriostasis of rabbits, it is suggested that the effects of ox sheep horn and pig's hoof claw beetle are similar to those of rhinoceros horn.

In addition, rhinoceros horn soaked and boiled with normal saline has excitatory effect on isolated frog heart after a short inhibition (amplitude increases, heart rate has no obvious change); after intravenous injection in rabbits, blood pressure rises, blood vessels of rabbit ears dilate, isolated rabbit intestines and uterus are excited; for rabbits with fever caused by Escherichia coli, intravenous injection can reduce body temperature to normal; for rabbit eyes, it has mild pupil dilating effect; for mice, intravenous injection of 30% 0.5% Ml can appear spasm, dyspnea, exophthalmos, disappear within 5 minutes, after sleep for 5 to 6 hours.

[processing] rhinoceros horn slice: take rhinoceros horn slice, soak in warm water, take out, pound slice and dry in the sun. Rhinoceros horn powder: take rhinoceros horn file powder and grind it into very fine powder.

① "Lei Gong Paozhi Lun" says: "when you cultivate all the horns, you should avoid salt. "

② According to Bencao Yanyi, "the rhinoceros horn is sharp. It's better to wear it. If it's scattered in the soup, it will crumble. "

[flavor] sour and salty, cold.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes bitter and cold. "

② Bielu: "sour, salty, slightly cold, non-toxic. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "it tastes sweet and has little poison. "

[Guijing] into the heart and liver channels.

① "Enter Yangming" in Materia Medica Mengyao. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the heart and liver meridians. "

③ According to Ben Cao Hui Yan, "the Taiyin and Shaoyin meridians should be started, and the Jueyin and Shaoyin meridians should be followed. "

Functions and indications: clearing heat, cooling blood, calming shock and detoxifying. It is used to treat typhoid fever, epidemic febrile fever, fever, fever, delirium, rash, yellowing, hematemesis, bleeding, bleeding, carbuncle, swelling and poison.

① Ben Jing: "cure all kinds of poisons, miasma. Kill koala, poison feather and snake venom. "

② In the book of Materia Medica, there are two parts: "detoxify anisodamine. "

③ Bielu: "it can cure typhoid fever, epidemic febrile diseases, headache, cold and heat, and various toxic gases. "

④ According to the theory of medicinal properties, "it can dispel the poisonous gas in the middle, calm the mind, relieve the great heat, disperse the wind and poison, treat the back, carbuncle, sore and swelling, and turn pus into water. During the main treatment, the disease is as hot as fire, and the poison enters into the heart. "

⑤ Food therapy materia medica: "for the treatment of red dysentery, research is the end, and water is taken; it is also responsible for the nausea and pain of stroke, all kinds of food poisoning, drug poison, heat poison, muscle and bone stroke, heart and wind depression. Also with water mill juice and children's clothing, treatment of fever. "

⑥ "Rihuazi materia medica:" it can cure the upset, stop the panic, relieve the fever, tear and phlegm, relieve the mountain miasma and stream poison, calm the liver and improve the eyesight. It is used to treat apoplexy, aphasia, heat toxin wind and seasonal mania. "

⑦ According to the compendium of Medical Sciences, "grinding juice can treat vomiting, bleeding, lower blood and typhoid blood, delirium, yellow spots, dense acne, internal heat, or no scab. It can clear the heart, cool the stomach and detoxify. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: grind juice or grind powder, 3-6 points; decoct soup, 0.5-2 yuan; or put into pill or powder. External use: grinding juice and coating.

[taboo] 1. In the treatise on Lei Gong Paozhi, it is said that "if a woman is pregnant, don't take it, it can eliminate fetal Qi. "

② "Turpentine is used for it" in Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu. There are many kinds of bacteria, such as bacteria, thunder pills. "

③ Compendium: "Cimicifuga is its envoy. Black Aconitum and black beak. "

④ According to the classic of Materia Medica, it is not suitable to use acne with Qi deficiency and not too hot; it is not suitable to use it wrongly because of typhoid Yin Syndrome. "

[selected formula] ① it can treat warm heat, summer disease, convulsion, dizziness, delirium, tongue color, dry light, or purple, or round hard, or black moss?

Chinese PinYin : Xi Jiao