Andrographis paniculata

[Chinese name] (Handbook of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine of Guangzhou Army)

[category]

[synonym] Chunlian qiuliu (Lingnan medicine collection record), yijianxi (Quanzhou materia medica), lanhelian, kudancao, zhanshejian, conocephalus (Guangzhou army's "commonly used Chinese herbal medicine manual"), daily travel thousands of miles, sifanglian, golden herb, golden ear hook, Chunlian Xialiu, Indian herb (Guangdong Chinese herbal medicine), bitter herb (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine).

[source] it is the whole grass or leaf of Andrographis paniculata.

[plant morphology] Andrographis paniculata

Annual herb, 40-80 cm high. The stem is square, multi branched, the nodes are knee shaped, and the stems and leaves have bitter taste. Leaves opposite, papery, oblong ovate to lanceolate, 2-8 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, apex acuminate, base cuneate, entire or shallowly toothed, petiole short or nearly sessile. Inflorescence in the top of branches or axils of leaves; corolla white, nearly lip shaped, often with lavender stripes. Capsule oblong, 1.5 cm long, 0.5 cm wide, 2-valved at maturity. The seeds are small and red.

It is widely cultivated in warm areas south of the Yangtze River. There are wild plants in some tropical and subtropical areas.

[collection] harvest in summer.

[chemical constituents] the leaves contain diterpenoid lactones: andrographolide a (deoxyandrographolide) more than 0.1%, andrographolide B (andrographolide) more than 1.5%, andrographolide C (neoandrographolide) more than 0.2%, and high andrographolide, panrolide. It also contains andrographane, andrographone, andrographolide, β - sitosterol-d-glucoside and so on.

Besides andrographolide, it also contains 5-hydroxy-7,8,2 ", 3" - tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,8,2 "- trimethoxyflavone, 5,2" - dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, apigenin-7,4 "- dimethyl ether, α - sitosterol, etc.

There are 14-deoxy-11-oxyandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-dihydroandrographolide, sterol saponins, sugars, condensed tannins and other phenolic substances in the whole herb.

Three sesquiterpene lactones, elemenolide a, B and C, were isolated from the healing tissues of leaves, twigs, hypocotyls, roots and germ.

[pharmacological action] 1

The clinical efficacy of andrographolide in Andrographis paniculata is better than that of chloramphenicol and LITELING, and there are no side effects and toxicity. In vitro, Andrographis paniculata Decoction and the crude crystals isolated from Andrographis paniculata decoction could inhibit or kill some types of Leptospira, and the decoction could inhibit pneumococcus, Streptococcus A and Catacoccus to some extent.

② Antiviral effect

Andrographis paniculata decoction can delay the degeneration of human embryonic kidney cells induced by echo11.

③ Other functions

The results showed that the decoction and water extract had no significant effect on isolated rabbit heart, but the water extract had significant vasodilating effect on hind limb vascular perfusion test in rats. Intravenous injection of 0.1 g crude drug / kg of the above two preparations into anesthetized dogs had no significant effect on blood pressure, ileum of guinea pigs and uterus of rats in vitro, and the decoction had inhibitory effect on duodenum of rabbits in vitro However, the water extract has no effect.

[nature and taste] Quanzhou materia medica: "bitter taste, cold nature, non-toxic. "

[Guijing] Quanzhou materia medica: "entering the heart and lung meridians. "

Functions and indications: clearing away heat and toxin, cooling blood and detumescence. Treatment of acute bacillary dysentery, gastroenteritis, cold, meningitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, pertussis, tuberculosis, lung abscess, cholecystitis, hypertension, epistaxis, oropharyngeal swelling, sore, carbuncle, scald, snake bite.

① Lingnan caiyao Lu: "it can relieve snake venom and internal injury and cough. "

② "Quanzhou Materia Medica": "clearing away heat and toxin, reducing inflammation and swelling. Treatment of throat inflammation, dysentery, high fever. "

③ "For acute bacillary dysentery, gastroenteritis, cold, fever, tonsillitis, pneumonia, sores, swelling and poison, traumatic infection, tuberculosis and snake bite. "

④ Jiangxi herbal medicine: "clearing heat and cooling blood, detumescence and relieving pain, treating cholecystitis, bronchitis, hypertension and pertussis. "

⑤ "Common Chinese herbal medicine color atlas": "clearing away heat and inflammation, relieving pain and itching, relieving snake venom. Treatment of mumps, combined with meningitis, meningitis. "

⑥ "Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine": "hemostasis, cooling blood, detoxification, treatment of lung abscess, stomatitis. "

⑦ "Treatment of epistaxis and oral bleeding" in the Handbook of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine of Guangzhou air force. "

⑧ Fujian Chinese herbal medicine: "clearing heat and purging fire. Treatment of tuberculosis, fever, heat, sinusitis, otitis media, stomach fire, toothache, soup fire injury. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 3-5 yuan; or grind powder. External use: apply the decoction or grind the powder.

[formula selection] ① for bacillary dysentery, amebic dysentery and enteritis: ten to fifteen fresh leaves of Andrographis paniculata. Fried with water and honey. (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine)

② To treat acute dysentery. Gastroenteritis: Andrographis paniculata three to five money. Decoction, one dose daily, twice daily. (Jiangxi herbal medicine manual)

③ Treatment of cold, fever, headache and diarrhea: I see the end of Xiyan. Three minutes a time, three times a day, white soup. (Quanzhou materia medica)

④ Treatment of influenza, pneumonia: a see Xigan Ye Yan mo. One money at a time, three to four times a day. (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine)

⑤ Treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia: chuanxinlianye Sanqian. Take it in water. (Jiangxi herbal medicine)

⑥ Treatment of lobar pneumonia: a see Xi six money, plum leaf Holly one or two, five money, one or two, five money. Decoct in water, take twice, one dose a day. (Jiangxi herbal medicine manual)

⑦ Treatment of tuberculosis (mild disease), fever: see Xi Gan Ye Yan Mo, Mi Wan Zi big. 15 to 30 capsules each time, two to three times a day, under water. (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine)

Two see happy five money, five money, Fengcheng one or two. Decoct in water, take twice, one dose a day, 15 to 30 days as a course of treatment. (Jiangxi herbal medicine manual)

⑧ Treatment of pertussis: three pieces of chuanxinlianye. Blister, adjust, three times a day.

⑨ Treatment of cholecystitis: Andrographis paniculata five money, June snow two liang, big green root one or two half, yellow root one or two, tiger thorn one or two, Yin grass one or two. Water decoct clothing, such as loss of appetite, add wild fruit (fried) two Liang.

⑩ Treatment of hypertension (blood type): Andrographis leaf five to seven tablets. Take it in boiling water several times a day. (the following formula is Jiangxi herbal medicine.)

(11) treatment of stomatitis, tonsillitis: a see like dry leaf research end, a money to a money and a half. Mix honey and serve with boiling water. (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine)

(12) treatment of pharyngitis: Andrographis paniculata (fresh) three money. Chew and swallow. (Jiangxi herbal medicine)

Treatment of acute appendicitis: wild one or two, a see Xi five money. Decoct in water, 2 doses daily. (Jiangxi herbal medicine manual)

(14) treatment of furuncle and cellulitis: five dollars for three needles, five dollars for joy at first sight, three dollars for honeysuckle, three dollars for seven leaves and two dollars for one branch. Take it in water. (Jiangxi herbal medicine manual)

Treatment of nasitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, stomach fire, toothache: rarely see the whole grass three to five money, decoction; or tap juice ear drops.

(16) treatment of heat drenching: ten to fifteen pieces of Xiye are rarely seen. Mash, add honey and take with boiling water.

In the treatment of soup fire injury, I like to apply tea oil or fresh leaf Decoction to the affected area.

(18) treatment of snakebite: one by one, you like to use fresh leaves to mash the oil in the dry tobacco tube for external application; take another three to five coins of fresh leaves and fry them in water. (Fukien Chinese herbal medicine is published in the following part of the prescription) on February 1, I like to see one or two, Qiye Zhihua three money, narrow leaf one or two, < U > tonguecao one or two. One to two doses a day, decoction. (Jiangxi herbal medicine manual)

(19) treatment of scrotal eczema: see Xifen 30g. Add glycerin to 100ml, mix well and apply to the affected area. (Jiangxi herbal medicine manual)

[clinical application] ① treatment of various infectious diseases

Andrographis paniculata has the function of anti-inflammatory and detoxification. It has been used in a variety of infectious diseases, including traumatic infection, furuncle, carbuncle, erysipelas, upper respiratory tract infection, acute and chronic tonsillitis, acute and chronic laryngitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, acute bacillary dysentery, acute gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, otitis media, periodontitis, etc. Preparation and usage: at present, it has been made into injection, oral capsule or tablet, and the dosage depends on the different content of the preparation produced in different places. For general inflammatory infection, it can be decocted with Andrographis paniculata hay for 2-3 minutes, one dose a day, or taken orally in tablets (each tablet is equivalent to 1 gram of the original medicine), 4-8 tablets each time, 3-4 times a day. For the skin suppurative infection wound, it can be grinded with Andrographis paniculata leaves, made into 1:4 water solution, soaked in gauze and applied to the wound. For suppurative otitis media, ear drops can be made for local application, and Andrographis tablets can be taken orally at the same time.

② Treatment of leptospirosis

0.05g tablet was made from the effective part of Andrographis paniculata leaves. Each tablet contains 20mg of crystalline substance. The adult takes 0.1-0.2g each time, 4-6 times a day. After treatment, 72 cases were cured and 4 cases were invalid. The main clinical symptoms and signs of the cured cases were significantly relieved within 3 days. Any toxic reactions were observed during the treatment. In addition, Andrographis paniculata tablets were also used to prevent leptospirosis. Adults took 3 grams of Andrographis paniculata tablets once or twice a day for 5 weeks

Chinese PinYin : Chuan Xin Lian