Cardamom fragrans

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[category] seed

[synonyms] Cardamom (bielu), Liukou (Southern foreign body annals), Tongzhi (general annals), Caotang (Materia Medica from the new), dacaokou (collection of medicinal materials), ouzi (records of traditional Chinese Medicine), caotangren, feileizi and kouzi (Guangdong traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] is the seed group of cardamom, a mature plant.

[plant morphology] Alpinia fragrans

Perennial herbs, 1-2 m high. Rhizome stout, brownish red. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 30-55 cm long, 2-9 cm wide, apex acuminate, base cuneate, entire, both sides sparsely hairy or smooth; leaf sheath membranous, amplexicaul, ligule broadly ovate, 3-6 mm long, densely tomentose. Raceme terminal, total pedicel 30 cm long, densely covered with yellowish white long bristles; flowers sparse, bracteoles wide, 2.5-3.5 cm long, outer coarsely hairy, falling off after anthesis; calyx tubular, about 2 cm long, outer coarsely hairy, one side dehiscent, top 3-lobed; corolla white, corolla tube about 1.2 cm long, upper 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong, both sides lobes elliptic, lip broad ovate, There are 3 shallow round lobes at the apex, the margin is notched, white, and the inner surface is light purplish red spots; lateral staminodes are very short or absent, developing stamen 1, filaments oblate, thick and grooved; ovary is lower, ovate, densely covered with light yellow sericeous hairs, style is slender, close to the filaments groove, passing through the connective, base has 2 rod-shaped appendages, stigma is slightly expanded, apex is depressed, Ciliate. Capsule globose, coarsely hairy, calyx persistent, yellow when ripe. The flowering period is from April to June. The fruit period is from May to August.

It grows in the grass at the edge of the forest or in the high grass on the hillside. Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

[collection] in autumn, the fruit will be harvested when it turns a little yellow. After harvest, the fruit will be dried to 80% or 90% of the dry weight, and then peeled and dried to the full dry weight. Or the fruit with boiling water slightly hot after drying to half dry, to its peel, and then dry to the foot. It should be placed in a cool and dry place.

[medicinal material] the dried seeds are round or oval in shape, 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, and the surface is grayish white or grayish brown. There is a white septum in the middle, which is divided into 3 petals. Each petal has seeds, and most of them adhere tightly. Seeds ovate polygonal, 3-5 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter. The surface is grayish brown, covered with a layer of white transparent aril, the back is slightly raised, the chalazal point is about in the center, the hilum is located on the dorsal side, the ridge is a longitudinal groove, through the abdomen to the chalazal point, and the inside is grayish white after breaking. It's fragrant and spicy. It is better to be round and solid.

Mainly produced in Guangxi, Guangdong and other places.

Both "Kaibao Materia Medica" and "Bencao tujing" refer to the cardamom recorded in "BIE Lu", i.e. Cao Doukou. However, according to its morphology and the attached figure of "Yizhou Doukou" in "Zheng Lei Materia Medica", it seems that it belongs to Amomum, which is different from Alpinia.

[chemical constituents] the seeds contain kaempferol and cardamom.

[processing] pick up the impurities, remove the shell and take the kernel, and mash it.

① "Lei Gong Paozhi Lun" says: "if you want to use the Fructus cardamom, you must remove the pedicel, take the back skin of the Fructus Lycii, stir fry it slowly with the Fructus Corni, and when the Fructus Corni is slightly yellow and black, remove the Fructus Corni, take the skin and the seed of the Fructus cardamom, and use it with a pestle. "

② "Medicine law like": "(grass cardamom) bread simmer cooked, to face with. "

[flavor] pungent, warm.

① Bielu: "it tastes pungent, warm and nontoxic. "

② Qianjin Shizhi: "it tastes pungent, warm, astringent and non-toxic. "

③ Qiyuan of Medicine: "Qi heat, taste Daxin. "

[channel tropism] entering spleen and stomach channels.

① "Tang Ye Ben Cao": "enter the Taiyin and Yangming meridians. "

② "New Materia Medica": "enter the heart, spleen, lung three channels. "

[function indications] warming, dispelling cold, promoting Qi, drying dampness. It is used to treat cold and pain in heart and abdomen, fullness and stagnation of food, choking and nausea, vomiting and diarrhea of cold and dampness, and accumulation of phlegm.

Dry dampness and invigorate spleen, warm stomach and stop vomiting. It is used for internal resistance of cold and dampness, abdominal distension and cold pain, belching and vomiting, and not thinking about diet.

(1) Invigorating spleen and drying dampness: it is often used for anorexia caused by weakness of spleen and stomach or stagnation of cold and dampness.

(2) Wenzhong zhiou: it is used for stomach pain and vomiting caused by cold dampness stagnation and middle energizer.

① "Bielu": "the main warm, abdominal pain, vomiting, to the mouth odor. "

② "Kaibao Materia Medica": "lower Qi, stop cholera. "

③ Capsule: "it can benefit spleen and stomach, remove cold, and treat cold heart and stomachache. "

④ The compendium of Medical Sciences: "treat malaria, cold malaria, heat injury, vomiting, diarrhea, choking, nausea, fullness, acid vomiting, phlegm accumulation, women's evil resistance, remove cold and dampness, open depression and Qi, kill fish poison. "

⑤ "Materia medica primitive": "tonifying the spleen and stomach, grinding stagnant, regulating and dispersing cold air very catch, weak can not eat the most appropriate, and detoxification. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.8-1.5 money; or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] Yin deficiency, less blood, body fluid shortage, no cold and wet people avoid taking.

① According to the classic of Materia Medica, "malaria is not caused by miasma; heartache and epigastric pain are caused by fire but not by cold; damp heat and blood stasis are caused by the invasion of summer heat. The stagnation is red and white in the lower part of the body, and the diarrhea is caused by thirst. Damp heat invades the spleen. Due to fullness or small water, salt belongs to summer heat and damp heat. "

② Ben Cao Bei Yao: "avoid iron. "

③ "This Jing meets the original": "Yin deficiency and blood dryness should be avoided. "

[prescription selection] ① for the treatment of spleen and stomach weakness, not thinking about diet, vomiting, heart and abdominal pain: eight liang of Cardamom (cut with skin) one piece, four Liang (file). Put the three flavors into the silverware evenly, and then boil the medicine with three fingers of water. Then boil it slowly to make the water run out. Take it out, bake it, and make the pestle as the end. Take one yuan for each. Take boiling soup. It's better to fry it in summer for cold soup. (Boji recipe: cardamom soup)

② To cure nausea and vomiting, not to eat, stomach qi: seven cardamom seeds (broken), five Liang ginger, one or two, one or two licorice (fried). Cut up the four flavors, add four liters of water, boil one liter and remove the dross. Temperature two clothing, phase to such as people walk five, six miles. No, woad. (cardamom soup in Guangji recipe)

③ For the treatment of cold phlegm and nausea, the chest is not good: two pieces of Cardamom (peeled), two pieces of soup (washed, sliced and baked), and three pieces of orange peel (soaked, white and baked). Top three flavors, rough mash and sift. Take three daggers each, one cup of water, add five pieces of ginger, fry until seven minutes, remove dross, warm eyes, regardless of time. (cardamom soup in Shengji Zonglu)

④ It can cure cold appetite, tasteless food and spleen diarrhea. It can also cure diarrhea after drinking. It's not happy and doesn't want to eat: half a liang of Cardamom (each face is wrapped and simmered, waiting for the face to be burnt yellow, removing the face), one or two (fried), one or two (peeled), one or two (removed), one or two (removed white), one or two ginger. On the five flavors, the same fine powder. One and a half yuan for each serving, one yuan for aged rice, one cup of water and two jujubes for each serving. Fry them for seven minutes at the same time, warm them, and then fry them with their dross. (Bo Ji Fang Cao Dou Kou SAN)

⑤ The treatment of infantile Tibetan cold diarrhea is not only: a piece of cardamom, peel off the skin, put into a piece, then wrap it in white flour, burn it slowly to make it ripe, remove the flour and cardamom skin, and do not use it; the top is fine powder, and drink the ball with corn as big as pockmarks. Every time you take five or seven pills, drink rice and drink it all the time. (cardamom pill in Shi Zai Zhi Fang)

⑥ Cure cholera, upset and thirsty, vomit benefit not to eat: Grass Cardamom (peeled) a point, (to be) one or two. On the second flavor, coarse pound sieve. Three daggers for each inflation, one cup of water, 50 black beans and three pieces of ginger, fry until seven minutes, remove the dross and take warm clothes for three days. (Sheng Ji Zong Lu Cao Dou Kou Tang)

⑦ It can also cure the cold of spleen: two pieces of cardamom, two pieces of each (wrapped and simmered with noodles, once cooked in a lifetime), two inches of square (half ginger, half raw), two pieces of licorice (half raw, half roasted), two pieces of ginger jujube (wrapped and simmered with wet paper, one raw). In the morning before the hair, use 1 liter of water to decoct Bahe. Put it until morning, then take it warm. Leave the dross and decoct it twice. (Jifeng Puji Fang Cao Doukou powder)

⑧ Fragrant mouth dispels Stink: cardamom, for the end of the containing. (behind the elbow)

Zhu Zhenheng said: "Cardamom is warm in nature, can disperse stagnant Qi and eliminate phlegm on the diaphragm. If you know that you are suffering from cold evil, eat cold things in the sun, and have pain in the stomach, you can warm the powder and use it like a drum. It is also effective in patients with damp phlegm stagnation. If heat depression is not available, it is necessary to use it for fear of accumulating heat. "

② Compendium: "Cardamom is used to treat diseases. It can enter into Taiyin and Yangming, remove cold and dampness, and open up depression. The south is low, the mountain is misty, the drink is sour and salty, the spleen and stomach are often cold and damp stagnation disease, so the food must be used, suitable for it. However, too much can also help the spleen heat, hurt the lung and damage the eyes. "

③ The classic of materia medica: "cardamom can break stagnation, fragrance can enter spleen, warm heat can dispel cold and dampness, so it can be used to warm middle and cold guest, heart and abdomen pain and vomiting. The spleen opens its orifices in the mouth. If there is stagnation in the spleen, it will become hot due to blood stasis. Therefore, it will cause halitosis. If the spleen is awakened and stagnated, the breath will not stink. Xinsan Wenxing, so Xiaqi. Cold guest in coke, diet does not eliminate, Qi due to stagnation is cholera. It also has the functions of removing dampness and stagnation, invigorating Qi, invigorating spleen and appetizing. Jianning people in Fujian Province are good at dispersing cold air, treating stomachache and regulating the middle Jiao. Those who produce in Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Guangdong have strong and turbid Qi. Those who call for fruits and grasses are also good at breaking miasma, eliminating grain and food, and stopping all food for swelling and pain. "

④ "Seeking truth from Materia Medica" says: "Cardamom is hot and fragrant, and its function is similar to that of nutmeg. However, it is hot and damp, and it has astringent nature. It is not like nutmeg. It is astringent in nature and can be used to remove cold

Chinese PinYin : Cao Dou Kou