Shepherd's purse

Shepherd's purse

[category] whole grass

[synonyms] shepherd's purse (bielu), hushengcao (compendium), qiancai (qiancai), jixincai (yilinzuyao), jingchangcao (a textual research on the names and facts of plants), water chestnut (Guangzhou value records), dimicai, jijiaocai (Guizhou folk medicine Collection), pseudoshuicai (Luchuan materia medica), dimicai, Nicotiana (Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine records), shangjicai, shepherd's purse, pufeihua (Mindong) Chinese herbal medicine (Zhejiang folk herbal medicine), xiangshancai, qingmingcao, fanqitoucao, xiangqinniang, xiangtianmao (Zhejiang folk herbal medicine), zhenzhencao (Shanghai Chinese herbal medicine), zhidoucai (Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine).

[source] it is the whole grass with roots of Capsella bursa pastoris.

[plant morphology] shepherd's purse

Annual or biennial herbs, 30-40 cm high, slender main root, white, straight, branched. Stem erect, branched. The root leaves are clustered, pinnate, sparsely entire, and the upper lobes are triangular; the stem leaves are oblong or linear lanceolate, the top is almost linear, the base is ear shaped, the edge is notched or serrated, or close to the whole edge, the two sides of the leaves have single or branched fine hairs, and the edge is sparsely white long eyelashes. Flowers numerous, terminal axillary raceme; calyx 4-piece, green, spreading, ovate, base truncated, with white margin; petals obovate, clawed, 4-piece, white, crisscross, open, ca. 2.5 mm in diameter; stamens 6,4-strong, base with green glands; pistil 1, ovary trigonal ovate, style very short. The short pod is inverted triangle, glabrous, flat, apex slightly concave, 6-8 mm long and 5-6 mm wide, with residual style. Seeds about 20-25, arranged in 2 rows, small, obovate, about 0. 8 mm. The flowering period is from March to May.

It grows in fields, roadsides and gardens. It is distributed all over the country and cultivated in Jiangsu, Anhui and Shanghai suburbs.

The inflorescence (Capsella bursa pastoris L.) and seed (Capsella bursa pastoris L.) of this plant are also used for medicine.

[collection] harvest from March to may, wash and dry.

[herbal medicine] dry whole grass, with whisker like branches, bent or partially broken, light brown or milky white; pinnate split, curled, fragile, grayish green or withered yellow; slender stem, yellowish green, bent or partially broken, sparse triangular fruit near the top, with petiole, light yellowish green. The air is weak and the taste is light. It is better to be dry, stem near green and weed free.

It is produced in most parts of the country.

[chemical constituents] Capsella bursa pastoris contains oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, fumaric acid and other organic acids; arginine, aspartic acid, proline, methionine, leucine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, cystine, cysteine and other amino acids; sucrose, sorbose, lactose, glucosamine, sorbitol, mannitol, Calendula officinalis Alcohol and other sugar. 39%, CA 15. 09%, Na 13. 44%, Fe 10. 24%, CL 3. 70%, P 3. 63%, Mn 0. It also contains choline, acetylcholine, tyramine, Brucine, saponins, flavonoids: rutin, hesperidin, luteolin, 7-rutoside, dihydrofisesol, quercetin-3-methyl ether, gossypol hexamethyl ether, geranioside, Robinia pseudoacacia B, black mustard, n-octadecane and sitosterol.

Each kilogram of food contains 21.2 grams of protein and 1 gram of fat. 6 g, sugar 24 g, crude fiber 5.6 g, ash 7.2 g, calcium 1680 mg, phosphorus 292 mg, iron 25.2 mg, carotene 12.8 mg, thiamine 0.56 mg, riboflavin 0.76 mg, nicotinic acid 2.3 mg, vitamin C_ 220 mg.

[pharmacological action] ① effect on uterus

Shepherd's purse has a similar effect to ergot. The results showed that the extract had significant contractile effect on the isolated uterus or intestines. The ethanol extract of the whole herb had oxytocin like contractile effect on the uterus. The effective components of the whole herb can make the uterus of mice and rats contract in vitro. Both Decoction and fluid extract can excite animal uterus, and strengthen the contraction of rat uterus in vitro (not pregnant), rabbit uterus in vivo (pregnant and not pregnant) and cat uterus in vivo (not pregnant). When the equivalent crude drug (0.08-0.8 g / kg) was injected intravenously into rabbits with hysterostomy, the contractions of uterus were strengthened, and the muscle tension and frequency were slightly increased. So was the decoction (5.263 g / kg). The active ingredient for stimulating uterus is soluble in water and hydrous alcohol, insoluble or extremely insoluble in pure alcohol, petroleum ether, anhydrous ether or anhydrous chloroform. The extract of Capsella bursa pastoris also has a strong effect on the uterus of unmated guinea pigs (fresh juice and dry medicine are almost the same).

② Hemostatic effect

Capsella bursa pastoris contains capsaicin, which has hemostatic effect. The extract of Capsella bursa pastoris (including oxalic acid) is injected intravenously or intramuscularly (2-3ml every time, every 2-4 hours, 15ml at most every day). It has obvious hemostatic effect on various bleeding patients. For hemophilia patients, it can increase the resistance of blood clot. By intragastric administration of Capsella bursa pastoris decoction, a small amount (equivalent to 0.02 g / 10 g body weight of crude drug) can shorten the bleeding time of more than half of mice, while a large amount (equivalent to 0.06 g / 10 g body weight of crude drug) can prolong the bleeding time of most mice. Intraperitoneal injection of volatile liquid of fluid extract can shorten the bleeding time of mice . Intravenous injection of volatile liquid of flow extract can shorten coagulation time in rabbits. But there are also reports to the contrary. Capsella bursa pastoris growing in hot climate and dry soil of Samarkand was made into 10% extract, which was injected subcutaneously in rats. The hemagglutination time was significantly prolonged, but bleeding was caused. 10% Capsella bursa pastoris extract 0.1 ml had no effect on blood coagulation of rabbits.

③ Effects on heart and blood vessels

The ethanol extract of Capsella bursa pastoris can produce a transient decrease of blood pressure in dogs, cats, rabbits and rats by intravenous injection, which is not antagonized by atropine of 80 μ g / kg. The results showed that the effective components of the whole herb could also make the blood pressure of rats, cats, rabbits and dogs decrease temporarily, and could not be antagonized by atropine, but could be inhibited by pronethano J. the ECG had no change, and it had dilation effect on the coronary vessels of the hearts of dogs in situ and guinea pigs in vitro. It can also inhibit the fibrillation of isolated cat heart caused by ouabain. Intravenous injection of Capsella bursa pastoris extract could reduce blood pressure, but could not reverse the effect of adrenaline. Capsella bursa pastoris decoction or volatile liquid of flow extract has a short-term hypotensive effect on anesthetized dogs, if atropine is used first, it can resist the decline of blood pressure. Intravenous injection of dried Capsella bursa pastoris extract can rapidly reduce the blood pressure of dogs to 40-50% of the original level. It can also lower the blood pressure of chickens. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Capsella bursa pastoris (20% - 0.5 ml) had no effect on the vascular perfusion of frog's lower limbs, while the dry Capsella bursa pastoris extract (10%) caused vasoconstriction at high concentration and dilation at low concentration (less than 2%). The alcohol extract can dilate the lower limb blood vessels of dogs. It was previously thought that the antihypertensive effect was related to choline and acetylcholine, but they were not found in the ethanol extract of Capsella bursa pastoris.

④ Other functions

Shepherd's purse extract can prolong the sleeping time of pentobarbital. Intravenous injection of Capsella bursa pastoris decoction or volatile liquid of flow extract can stimulate respiration in anesthetized dogs, and atropine can not affect this effect. It has also been reported that the extract of dried Capsella bursa pastoris can reduce the respiratory movement of dogs to 20-50% of the original level, sometimes even more so. The active ingredient of Capsella bursa pastoris can make the smooth muscle of trachea and small intestine contract. The small intestine of guinea pigs was slightly inhibited by atropine, and then the small intestine was contracted by Capsella bursa pastoris alcohol extract.

In addition, the ethanol extract of Capsella bursa pastoris could inhibit dextran induced edema, carrageenan induced edema and the increase of capillary permeability induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine in rats' lower limbs; it had 90% inhibition rate on Shay ulcer, and could accelerate the healing of stress ulcer. It has diuretic effect on mice. Shepherd's purse has a slight antipyretic effect on rabbits with artificial fever.

Sweet and smooth.

① Bielu: "it tastes sweet, warm and nontoxic. "

② Qianjin Shizhi: "it tastes sweet and astringent, warm and nontoxic. "

⑧ Daily use materia medica: "it tastes sweet and cool. "

[Guijing] ① in "de Pei Ben Cao": "enter the foot Jueyin meridian. "

② Summary of materia medica: "start with Shaoyin, Taiyin and Jueyin meridians. "

Functions and indications: harmonizing spleen, promoting diuresis, stopping bleeding and improving eyesight. Treatment of dysentery, edema, gonorrhea, chyluria, hematemesis, hematochezia, HAEMORRHEA, menorrhagia, red eyes pain.

① Bielu: "the Lord benefits the liver qi, and harmonizes the middle. "

② "On medicinal properties": "burning ash (taking) can cure red and white dysentery. "

③ Qianjin Shizhi: "kill all poisons. Root, main eye astringent pain. "

④ "Shi Yu Xi" in the book of invigorating the spleen. "

⑤ Daily use materia medica: "cool the liver and brighten the eyes. "

⑥ "The compendium of Medical Sciences" says: "it is good for the eyes and the stomach. "

⑦ Modern practical Chinese medicine: "hemostasis. Treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage, uterine bleeding, abortion bleeding, menorrhagia, headache, eye pain or retinal hemorrhage. "

⑧ "Lu Chuan Materia Medica": "detumescence and detoxification, treatment of sores and boils, naked eyes. "

⑨ "Treatment of chylous excrement". "

⑩ "Records of Guangxi Traditional Chinese medicine": "Jianwei Xiaoshi, huajizhi. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 3-5 yuan (fresh 1-2 Liang); or into pills, powder. External use: grind the powder, mix and apply, tamp and apply or tamp juice.

[prescription selection] ① dysentery: yishecai ye shaocun xingmi Decoction (oral). (daily use materia medica) two shepherd's purse two Liang. Take it in water. (Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine)

② Treatment of Yang edema: shepherd's purse root one or two, plantain grass one or two. Take it in water. (Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine)

③ Treatment of swollen full, abdominal large, thin limbs, urine astringent turbidity: sweet Tingli (paper partition)

Chinese PinYin : Qi Cai