Ilex pubescens

Chinese Name: Ilex pubescens

Class: root

[synonyms] wuweiding, Yongshu, liuliuyueshuang (Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine), Ilex tenuifolia, Ilex tenuifolia, helix kutianluo, shantongyou, rat gnawing, Ilex tenuifolia (Zhejiang folk commonly used herbal medicine), chadongqing (Guangzhou Air Force Manual of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine), water powder (new outline of traditional Chinese Medicine), throat poison (Guangxi plant list).

[source] it is the root of Ilex pubescens.

[plant morphology] Ilex pubescens

Evergreen shrub, about 3 m high. Branchlets angulate, coarsely hairy, dark brown when dry. Leaves alternate; papery or membranous; elliptic or obovate elliptic, 3-4 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, apex pointed, usually convex, base broadly cuneate or slightly obtuse, coarsely hairy below, margin with sparse spines or subentire, midvein sunken above, sparsely hairy, lateral veins 4-5 on each side; petiole 3-4 mm long. The flowers are light purple or white, dioecious; inflorescences are clustered; male inflorescence: one flower per branch, rarely 3-flowered cyme; pedicel 1-2 mm long; bracteoles 2; calyx 5-6-lobed, lobes ovate triangular; petals 4 or 6-lobed, obovate, oblong, 2 mm long; stamen 3 / 4 of petal length; female inflorescence: 1-3-flowered per branch; pedicel 2-3 mm long; calyx 6-7-lobed, Petals 5-8, oblong, 2 mm long. Berries globose, 4 mm in diam., red when ripe. It blooms in summer.

It grows in the shrubbery of hills and slopes. Distribution in Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan and other places.

The leaves of this plant (Ilex pubescens) are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

The variety Ilex glabrous has the same function.

[collection] collected in summer and autumn, sliced and dried.

[chemical composition] the effective component of the root is flavonoid glycoside. It also contains phenols, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids, amino acids, sugars and so on.

[nature and taste] Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine: "slightly bitter and sweet in taste, flat in nature, non-toxic. "

Functions and indications: clearing away heat and toxin, activating blood circulation and activating pulse. Treatment of wind heat, cold, lung heat, cough, laryngeal edema, tonsillitis, dysentery, coronary heart disease, hemiplegia caused by cerebrovascular accident, thromboangiitis obliterans, erysipelas, scald, central retinitis, uveitis, and acute suppurative inflammation of skin. For coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, blood column occlusive vasculitis; external treatment of burns, scalds, frostbite.

① "Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine": "clearing heat and detoxification, detumescence and pain relief, diuresis. Treatment of knife and gun injuries, lung heat asthma cough, exogenous wind heat, prevention of meningitis. "

② "Zhejiang folk commonly used Chinese herbal medicine"; treatment of cold, tonsillitis, dysentery, thromboangiitis obliterans. "

③ New outline of traditional Chinese medicine: "promoting blood circulation and dredging pulse". Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans, coronary heart disease, hemiplegia caused by cerebrovascular accident. "

④ New selection of practical Chinese herbal medicine in Guangxi: "cool and detoxify, cool blood and disperse poison. Treatment of laryngeal edema, laryngopharyngitis, exogenous fever in summer season, acute suppurative inflammation of skin. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 Liang. External use: coating or soaking in decocting juice.

[selection] 1. Treatment of lung heat, asthma and cough: wuweidinggen Wuqian. Decoct in water, make some sugar and take it three times. (Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine)

② Treatment of cold, tonsillitis, dysentery: Ilex pubescens root five money to one or two. Take it in water. (Zhejiang folk herbs)

③ Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans: take three liang of Ilex pubescens root, simmer pig's feet, once a day; take another three liang of Ilex pubescens root, soak the wound in boiling water, once or twice a day, after soaking, apply Shengji ointment (6725g boric acid powder, 16g zinc oxide, 2.17g Huangdan, 2.5G plum tablets, 3ml carbolic acid, 375g Vaseline). (Zhejiang folk herbs)

④ For the treatment of knife and gunshot wounds and traumatic swelling and pain: appropriate amount of wuweidinggen. Decoct in water, wait for cold, apply 3-6 times a day. (Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine)

[clinical application] ① treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease

Ilex pubescens has a good curative effect on angina pectoris, but the effective rate is not consistent, ranging from 68% to 96% (the number of cases are about 100 cases), of which the markedly effective rate is as high as 50%, and the low is only 10.3%. The symptoms of most effective cases improved significantly about one month after treatment, and a few patients recurred after three months, but most of them were relieved. The results of observation were also inconsistent. In some areas, it was found that the cardiac function of most patients improved in varying degrees after treatment for about one month, the serum cholesterol decreased, the blood pressure decreased to a certain extent, and the arrhythmia also had certain curative effect. Some people think that Ilex pubescens in the treatment of myocardial infarction may have the effect of preventing the excitation of heterotopic rhythm points of the heart, reducing or eliminating the arrhythmia, maintaining the normal rhythm of the heart, maintaining a good level of cardiac output, thus maintaining a good blood pressure and preventing the occurrence of shock and heart failure. However, there are some cases that have no obvious effect on the above items. After treatment, the ECG of some cases returned to normal or improved, but the effective rate was only 20.5%, as high as 80.2%. It was considered that the change of ECG was not consistent with the improvement of symptoms. According to the ECG analysis of effective cases before and after treatment, some people think that the effect of Ilex pubescens on improving coronary circulation is not ideal or slow. The clinical symptoms such as chest pain, headache, dizziness and numbness of limbs disappeared or improved significantly in most patients after taking the medicine, but the effect seems to have little relationship with the severity of the disease. According to TCM classification, Qi and yin deficiency has poor curative effect. The effective time of Ilex pubescens alone is slow, and the new acupuncture therapy can advance the effective time, and can strengthen the effect of eliminating or alleviating heart pain. Oral administration of Ilex pubescens in the treatment of myocardial infarction can relieve pain, but it can not replace morphine. Therefore, patients with myocardial infarction should be treated with western medicine according to the needs of the disease. Some cases were followed up for 6 to 12 months. It was found that the effective rate of Maodongqing in the treatment of angina pectoris was slightly lower than that in the short term, while the effective rate of ECG changes and arrhythmias was slightly higher than that in the short term. The effect of reducing serum cholesterol and blood pressure is uncertain.

Dosage and usage: one Decoction: 3-5 taels of Ilex pubescens root, one dose per day, decocted in water for three times; or tablets, granules, syrups, etc., the dosage is calculated as 3-4 taels per day, three times. 2. Injections: the specifications of the preparations are quite different from place to place. The injection used in Guangzhou area is 8 g of crude drug or 20 mg of purified flavonoid glycosides. Intramuscular injection, twice a day, 1 tube each time. The injection of Ilex pubescens used in Beijing and Fuzhou contains 40 mg of flavone (equivalent to 8 g of crude drug) once a day by intramuscular injection. Another injection containing 0.5% alcohol extract of Ilex pubescens was injected intramuscularly, 2 ml each time, twice a day; for intravenous drip, 20 ml each time, diluted with 100-200 ml 10% glucose solution, once a day. There are also two kinds of injections used in Tianjin: one is purified Ilex pubescens preparation, 40-80 mg per day, injected twice; the other is 200% Ilex pubescens injection, 4 ml per day, injected twice. In the treatment, oral preparations or injections are used alone, and some are combined. According to clinical observation, all kinds of dosage forms have curative effect, but simple oral administration is better than additional injection, and it is best to use oral administration and intramuscular injection at the beginning; after intravenous drip in individual cases, good effect is achieved. The course of treatment is usually 6-8 weeks or 1-3 months. After one course of treatment, the drug was stopped for two weeks, and then the second course of treatment was started. Experience shows that more than half of the patients who take the medicine for 4 weeks are still effective, and more than half of the patients who take the medicine for 4 weeks are still ineffective. Some people think that after the curative effect is achieved (generally 1-3 months), the drug can be stopped for observation, and the drug can be used repeatedly, or intermittently for several months, that is, 20 days a month and 10 days a month.

No serious side effects were found during the treatment. A few cases showed prolonged clotting time and thrombin time, some of them had bleeding tendency, such as nosebleed, gingival bleeding, skin ecchymosis, ecchymosis, increased menstruation, fecal occult blood, etc. After oral administration of Ilex pubescens, some patients felt bloated stomach, loss of appetite, dry mouth, nausea and vomiting, dry or thin stool, etc.

31 cases of this disease were treated with Ilex pubescens for 1-2 months. The total effective rate was 64.5%, and the marked effective rate was 35.5%. The control of angina pectoris was faster and more obvious, 17 cases of 26 cases were markedly effective, most of them disappeared or basically disappeared in 3-5 weeks, and the other 9 cases were also improved. In addition, the cardiac function of most cases was improved in varying degrees, and the tolerance of physical work and daily activities were enhanced; the blood pressure below 180 / 100 mmHg was slightly decreased in some cases, while the blood pressure higher had no antihypertensive effect; the cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride of 20% cases were slightly decreased. The recovery of ECG is slower than the improvement of symptoms, and the effect is also poor. Usage: Ilex pubescens injection, intramuscular injection, 4 ml per day (containing 40 mg of flavonoids). One month is a course of treatment, and the drug can be stopped for 3-5 days.

② Treatment of cerebral thrombosis

Take 2-3 liang of Ilex pubescens every day, and add Ilex pubescens injection as appropriate. Western medicine vasodilator should be used appropriately in the development stage of the disease. When the disease is stable, it should be stopped gradually, and new acupuncture therapy should be used in some cases. 6 cases were observed. The shortest effective days were 4 days, the longest were 16 days, the shortest basic cure days were 13 days, and the longest were 52 days. It is considered that Ilex pubescens can shorten the course of treatment and make the disease recover completely. However, Ilex pubescens can only play a role in dredging and dispersing blood stasis

Chinese PinYin : Mao Dong Qing