Aristolochia

Chinese Name: Aristolochia (on medicinal properties)

[category]: fruits

[synonyms] maduoling (Sichuan materia medica), maduoling (zhenzhubao), Douling (materia medica shugouyuan), Shuima Xiangguo (Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi), huluguan (northeast Zhi Yao Zhi), smelly lingdang (Hebei herbal medicine), Sheshen Guo (Sichuan Zhi Yao Zhi).

[source] it is the dry and mature fruit of Aristolochiaceae.

[plant morphology] 1. Aristolochia campestris, also known as Aristolochia campestris.

Herbs perennial, twining or creeping. Roots slender, cylindrical, 3-8 mm in diameter, yellowish brown. Stems herbaceous, green, up to 1 m or longer. Leaves alternate, petiole filiform, about 1.5-2 cm long, leaf triangular broad ovate, 2.5-7 cm long, 2.5-7.5 cm wide, apex obtuse or obtuse, base cordate, entire, leaf green, back light green, basal veins 5-7, more obvious. Flowers 3-10, clustered in leaf axils; pedicel thin, about 1.5 cm long; perianth dark purple, 1.5-3.5 cm long, slightly curved, symmetrical on both sides, upper part oblique trumpet shaped, apex acuminate, middle part tubular, lower part enveloping style, expanded into a ball; stamens 6, almost no filaments, attached to fleshy style, anthers 2-locular, longitudinal; ovary lower, long columnar, about 7 mm long, flowers The stigma is short. The capsule is broadly ovate or elliptic obovate, 3-4 cm in length and 2-3 cm in diameter. It is green at the initial stage and yellowish green at maturity. It splits into 6 valves along the compartment and 5-6 filaments on the stipe. Seeds flat, triangular, margin with white membranous broad wings. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruiting period is September.

It is found in the shrubbery of the valley, stream or forest edge. Distributed in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong and other places.

② Aristolochia

Perennial twining: glabrous creeping herbs. Leaves alternate, petiole thin, about 1-1.5 cm long; leaf triangular narrow ovate, 3-8 cm long, 1.8-4.5 cm wide, narrower above the middle, apex obtuse round or slightly concave, base heart-shaped, both sides round ear shaped, slightly thick when old, basal veins 5-7, more obvious. The flower is large, single in the axils of leaves, pedicel thin, 1-1.5 cm long; perianth dark purple, 3-5 cm long, with 5 longitudinal veins reaching to the top of perianth; stamen 6; ovary inferior, long columnar, style 6, fleshy, short and thick, more columnar, stigma short. Capsule suborbicular or oblong, 4-5 cm long, 3-4 cm in diameter. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruiting period is September.

Born in the hillside jungle. It is distributed in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places.

The roots and stems of the above two plants are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] from September to October, when the fruit changes from green to yellow, the stalk is picked and dried.

The dried fruit is ovoid or oblong, 3-5 cm long and 2-3 cm in diameter. The outer skin is grayish green or grayish yellow, with 6 convex wavy longitudinal ridges, 6 parallel veins and transverse veinlets. One end is flat with a small navel and one end has a thin handle. The pericarp is light and crisp, easy to split into 6 petals, and the peduncle also splits into 6 lines. There are six rows of seeds in the fruit. Seeds flat triangular or fan-shaped, margin pale brown, center brown, one side with membrane. The kernel is milky white and oily. It has special Qi and bitter taste. It's better to be big, complete and grayish green.

It is mainly produced in Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Shanxi, Henan, Heilongjiang and other places. Gansu, Jiangxi, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang and other places are also produced.

In addition, the fruits of Aristolochia grandiflora were used as medicine in Gansu Province.

[chemical constituents] the fruits and seeds contain aristolochic acid, aristolochic acid, magnoflorine and deblicacid.

[processing] Aristolochia: crush and remove the tendons, and sieve the soil. Honey Bell: take out Aristolochia, add honey and boiling water, mix well, put in a pot, stir fry gently until it doesn't stick, take out and let cool. (100 kg of Aristolochia, 25-30 kg of honey)

Bitter, cold.

① "Drug degradation": Ping. "

② Kaibao materia medica: "it tastes bitter, cold and nontoxic. "

③ "The compendium of works": "slightly bitter and pungent. "

[meridian tropism] entering lung meridian.

① Li Gao: "start with Shaoyin. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the lung meridian. "

Functions and indications: clearing lung, reducing Qi, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. It is used for cough due to lung heat, blood in sputum, hemoptysis, aphasia, swelling and pain of hemorrhoids and fistula. Qingfei Jiangqi, Zhike Pingchuan, Qingchang Xiaozhi.

It can be used for cough and asthma due to lung heat. It can be used with cortex mori and Fritillaria. It is also used for cough and asthma due to lung yin deficiency and heat, and can be used with donkey hide gelatin.

① "On the nature of drugs": "the main Lung Qi is in a state of urgency, and it is impossible to sit and breathe, and cough repeatedly. "

② Rihuazi materia medica: "in the treatment of hemorrhoids and fistulas, the medicine is put in the bottle, and the disease is burned and smoked. "

③ "Kaibao Materia Medica": "main lung heat cough, phlegm dyspnea, blood hemorrhoids fistula. "

④ "Pearl bag": "urinate. Governing lung heat, calming lung qi and tonifying lung. "

⑤ "Seeking the source of Materia Medica": "treat damp heat in the lung, unclear voice, phlegm, asthma and cough. Children with measles invagination, full of asthma, dark voice, should be added. "

⑥ Modern Practical Traditional Chinese medicine: "treating hemoptysis. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan.

It should be careful to cough and pant when the spleen is weak.

[prescription selection] 1. Treatment of lung asthma: two pairs of Aristolochia (only use the seeds inside, remove the shell, crisp half a pair, mix well in a bowl, stir dry slowly), one or two pairs of licorice (fried). Two taste for the end, each take a money, a water, fried six minutes, warm sip, or to the end of the medicine containing pharyngeal fluid also get. (brief aid to all)

② To cure children's lung deficiency, dyspnea and dyspnea: donkey hide gelatin (stir fried with bran), rat mucus (stir fried with incense), licorice (roasted), Aristolochia (baked), seven almonds (peeled and pointed), one or two glutinous rice (fried). For the end, each take one or two money, a water, fried to six minutes, after eating warm. (Ejiao powder in Zhijue of pediatric medicine syndrome)

③ For a long time, water belly is like a drum: boiled Aristolochia suit. (Qian Jin Fang)

④ Treatment of heartache: a big Aristolochia, burning on the lamp, for the end, warm wine service. (pick Yuan Fang)

[clinical application] Aristolochia has a mild and lasting antihypertensive effect, which is suitable for early hypertension

The preparation and usage are different from place to place, and the curative effect is slightly different. One alcohol soaking Decoction: Take 1 jin of Aristolochia to mash, add 3000 ml of 20% ethanol solution, put it in an airtight earthen jar, shake it up from time to time, soak it for one week, then boil it 2 / J in a jar, press and filter it to get about 100 ml of the liquid. After cooling, add 95% ethanol of 1 / 10, shake it up and set aside. Each milliliter contains about 0.5g of crude medicine. Depending on the severity of the disease, take 12-20 ml daily, three times after eating. A total of 121 patients with stage I, II and III hypertension were observed. Generally, after 5-15 days of medication, the blood pressure decreased with an average of 28 / 15 mmHg. Among them, 29 cases (24%) had a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (21 mmHg) and 60 cases (49.6%) had a slight decrease in diastolic blood pressure (11-20 mmHg). The curative effect of stage I and II patients is better than that of advanced patients. After taking medicine, the blood pressure curve showed a slow decline, and some cases showed a fluctuating decline. At the same time, the clinical symptoms (dizziness, headache, palpitation, insomnia, etc.) of 3 / 4 patients were significantly improved or disappeared. Most of the patients in the early stage can still keep normal after drug withdrawal, while most of the patients in the second stage have a rising trend after 20 days to a few months of drug withdrawal, but the height is lower than that before treatment; if they continue to take medicine, they can still take effect quickly. There were no side effects except nausea, diarrhea and anorexia in a few cases. Experience suggests that the daily dosage of alcohol extract is 15 ml, which should be continued for at least two weeks after a significant drop in blood pressure. Long term administration does not produce any serious side effects. Second rate extract: 1 jin of crude drug per 500 ml. Start with 2 ml three times a day, then gradually increase to 5 ml. 32 cases were observed. After one month treatment, the average blood pressure was reduced by 26 / 15 mmHg. 34.4% and 25.0% of them had significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure and mild decrease in diastolic blood pressure (same as before). The total effective rate was 59.4%. The hypotensive effect usually appears in 7-14 days. But the improvement of clinical symptoms is not completely satisfactory, most of them still need to be combined with other methods. There were no adverse reactions except nausea in some cases. Three decoctions: 15 grams of Aristolochia each day, add 500 ml of water to fry until half the amount, take it after eating three times. After 15-25 days of treatment, diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in 10 cases, slightly in 9 cases, and ineffective in 16 cases, with an average of 28 / 13 mmHg. Some patients' blood pressure rose once after drug withdrawal and recovered naturally in a short time. The longest observation time was 278 days. The symptoms of most patients also improved, especially headache and dizziness. The main side effects were poor appetite and weakness, but most of them did not affect the treatment.

Chinese PinYin : Ma Dou Ling