Geranium

Geranium sibiricum

[synonyms] wuyecao, Laoguancao (Diannan materia medica), wubanhua, Laoguancao (Diannan materia medica Atlas), tiangangcao (classified herbal medicine), wuyelian, shenglaju, potongqian (Guizhou folk medicine Collection), laoguajin (northeast resources plant manual), guanjin (Xinjiang medicinal materials), wutoothha, laoguazui (Hebei medicinal materials), quazizui (Shandong traditional Chinese Medicine) 》)。

[source] it is the whole grass with fruit, such as niuermiao or Geranium sibiricum, Geranium sibiricum, Geranium sibiricum, Geranium sibiricum, Geranium tuberosum, etc.

[plant morphology] 1. Niuermiao (rescue materia medica), also known as doudouer (rescue materia medica), qianbaba (Research on the name and reality of plants), sunflower, wolf Baba, tulelie.

Annual herb, 1-1.5 m long. Stem slender, flat or oblique, purplish red, obtuse, with white hair, nodes obvious. The whole leaf is 4-5cm long and several equal in width. The small lobes are narrow and irregular, with notched teeth. The upper part is nearly glabrous, and the lower part has soft hairs along the veins. The petiole of the basal leaf is more than 10cm long, and the petiole of the stem leaf is short, covered with white long hairs. The stipules are triangular lanceolate, 1cm long, thin and hairy Hair. 2-5 flowers arranged in umbelliform, terminal or axillary, total pedicel 6-10 cm long, white handed; involucre 6-7 pieces, lanceolate, ciliate; peduncle 2-3 cm long, ciliate: flower diameter about 1 cm; calyx 5, ovate elliptic, apex with long awn, back with long white hair; petal 5, blue purple, obovate; stamen 10, outer wheel 5, without drug, inner wheel 5, with yellow anther, filament The lower part is enlarged, nectary 5, conspicuous; style 5, all densely pubescent. Capsule, apex long beaked, about 3-5 cm long, 5-locular, with 1 seed in each locule, 5-petals separated from the stele at maturity, beak of petal spirally curled, inner side covered with white hairs. Seeds long, obovate, conic, brown, 2-2.5 mm long. The flowering period is from April to June. The fruit period is from May to July.

Born on hillsides and fields. It is distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, etc.

② Geranium sibiricum

Perennial herbs, 35-80 cm high. Stem prostrate or slightly oblique, much branched. Leaves opposite, petiole 1.5-4 cm long, with flat curly pubescence. Leaves 3-5-lobed, nearly pentagonal, base slightly heart-shaped, lobes subrhombic, apex obtuse or pointed, margin with regular serrations, green above, with pubescence, light green below, pubescent along veins. Flowers small, about 1 cm in diameter, 2 per pedicel, axillary, slender pedicel; calyx 5, ovate or ovate lanceolate, sparsely pilose, apex awned; petals 5, obovate, white or reddish, with crimson longitudinal veins; stamens 10, full anther: style 5-lobed, elongated and connected with stipe to form beak. Capsule apex long beak shape, when mature split, beak from bottom to top curl. Seeds oblong, dark brown. The flowering period is from May to June. The fruit period is from June to July.

It grows on hillside, grassland and roadside. Distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

③ Geranium nepalensis

It is a perennial herb, similar in shape to the above species, but shorter, 30-45 cm in height, with setae recumbent. Leaves 3-5-lobed, lobes small, ovate lanceolate or narrowly ovate, apex obtuse, margin with irregular coarse teeth. Flowers about 1 cm in diameter, white, reddish or purple. The flowering period is June. The fruiting period is July.

Born in the wild grass or roadside. Distributed in Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

④ Siberian geranium, also known as: rat palm grass.

Herbs perennial, stems erect or obliquely ascending, all pilose. Leaves usually 5-lobed, lobes rhomboid lanceolate or sublanceolate, then 2-3-cleft, apex obtuse, margin irregularly serrate. The flowers are about 0.7-0.8 cm in diameter, light red or nearly white, with one flower per pedicel and purple reticulate petals. The flowering period is from July to September. The fruiting period is October.

It is distributed in Northeast China and Xinjiang.

In addition, the whole plants of the same genus Geranium wilfordii (Jiangsu, Zhejiang), Geranium tuberosum and its variety Geranium tuberosum (northeast, northwest and Sichuan) are also used as medicine.

[collection] in summer and autumn, the fruits will be harvested when they are ripe, and the aboveground parts or roots will be removed to remove soil impurities and dried in the sun.

[medicinal materials] the medicinal materials of Geranium sibiricum can be divided into Geranium sibiricum and Geranium sibiricum, and Geranium sibiricum is widely used.

① Geranium wilfordii

It is the dry whole grass of the plant? Niuer Miao. Most of them are without roots, 30-50 cm long, or have been cut into 6-8 cm segments. The stem is 2-5 mm thick, the nodes are obviously expanded, the internodes are 5-12 cm long, with many branches, the surface is gray green, the base is purplish red, with longitudinal lines, and is covered with sparse white hairs. The quality is relatively hard and brittle, and when broken, it is coarse fibrous and hollow. The leaves are opposite and have long stalks. The leaves are crispy and friable. After wetting and flattening, they can be seen as pinnate cleft with very fine lobes. The fruit is oblong, about 6-10 mm long, dark yellowish brown or dark purple, with persistent long style, commonly known as "long mouth", with mouth length of 2.5-4 cm. After ripening, it is 5-lobed, connected with each seed, and turns outward or curls into a spiral shape. Odorless, light taste. Gray green, more fruits, no roots and soil are the best.

Mainly produced in Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong. In addition, it is also produced in Henan, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Xinjiang.

② Geranium brevicaudum

It is the dry whole grass of Geranium sibiricum, Geranium Nepalese and Geranium sibiricum. The stem is slender, about 30 cm long and 1-2 mm in diameter. Internodes short, mostly below 5 cm. Leaf blade lobes are wider. The fruit is small, the flower is 3-5 mm long and the mouth is 1-1.5 cm long. The rest are the same as Geranium wilfordii. Odorless, light taste. Gray green, more fruits, no roots and soil are the best.

It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Sichuan and Hubei. In addition, it is also produced in Northeast China and Xinjiang.

[chemical composition] niuermiao contains volatile oil, and the main component in the oil is? Niuermiao. It also contains quercetin and other pigments.

Geranium nepalensis from Japan contains tannin, gallic acid, succinic acid, quercetin and its glycosides. The content of tannin in its leaves is the most, and it can change with seasons. Generally, the content is the lowest from December to February of the next year, and then gradually increases, and the content is the highest from June to August. Kaempferin was isolated from the leaves.

[pharmacological action] 1. Niuermiao

1. Antibacterial effect: the whole herb decoction has obvious inhibitory effect on Bacillus catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, β - Streptococcus, pneumococcus, etc. in vitro; the tannic acid has certain effect on its antibacterial effect. (2) antiviral effect: quancao decoction has obvious inhibitory effect on Jingke 68-1 strain of influenza A virus and Sendai strain of parainfluenza I virus (through chicken embryo and hemagglutination test); its leaves and stems have stronger effect on Jingke 68-1 strain, but its roots have weaker effect; its tannin has little effect on antiviral effect. The results showed that Geranium wilfordii had inhibitory effect on influenza virus.

② Geranium nepalensis

1. Antibacterial effect: because it contains tannin, 25% of the decoction has significant antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus in vitro (plate method), but it has poor antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and almost no effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2. Antidiarrheal effect: the water-soluble extract of Geranium Nepalese from Japan has antidiarrheal effect on rabbits. Taking its decoction or dry extract on an empty stomach can inhibit the activity of duodenum and small intestine, and promote the retrograde peristalsis of cecum, so it has antidiarrheal effect; but if the dosage is too large, it can promote the peristalsis of large intestine and cause diarrhea. So its effect is different from atropine. In addition to tannin, it seems that the effective ingredients of antidiarrhea can make the intestinal mucosa, especially the large intestine mucosa convergence. (3) other effects: oral administration of water extract in rabbits can increase blood coagulation, which may be related to the tannin contained in it (it is converted into gallic acid in the intestine and then absorbed in the form of alkali salt).

[processing] remove impurities, remove residual roots, wash with water, take out, cut into sections and dry in the sun.

[flavor] bitter, pungent and smooth.

① "Save the famine Materia Medica": "taste slightly bitter. "

② "Diannan Materia Medica": "it is mild in nature, bitter and pungent in taste. "

Functions and indications: dispelling wind, promoting blood circulation, clearing heat and detoxifying. Treatment of rheumatism, pain, numbness, carbuncle, falls, enteritis, dysentery.

① "Diannan Materia Medica": "dispel wind, itchy skin. It can be used to treat muscle and bone pain, phlegm fire flaccidity, hand and foot tendon contracture, numbness, diuresis, diarrhea, bladder heat accumulation, attack and disperse various sores, fever, wind fire, insect teeth, pox, rash, scabies, etc. "

② In the compendium of compendium, it says: "remove wind, dredge meridians, activate blood circulation, strengthen muscles and bones, and dredge collaterals. Treat injury, arthralgia, numbness, skin wind, drink wine often. "

③ Modern practical Chinese medicine: "stop dysentery for a long time, thicken the intestines and stomach, regulate the middle and strengthen the spleen. "

④ "Guizhou folk medicine collection": "it can treat traumatic injury, stop bleeding from knife injury, relieve cough and benefit lung qi. "

⑤ Herbal medicine: "clearing heat and detoxifying. Treat fever, diabetes, carbuncle, sore and swelling. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 2-5 yuan; soak in wine or boil cream.

Store in a cool and dry place.

[preparation] Geranium wilfordii ointment.

[prescription selection] ① for the treatment of paralysis of muscles and bones: Geranium sibiricum, Psoraleae sinense, Psoraleae sinense, stewed meat. (second Sichuan Medical Records)

② To cure the pain of muscles and bones, to pass the meridians and collaterals, to remove the wind

Chinese PinYin : Lao Guan Cao