Khumbu

Khumbu

(Wu Pu Ben Cao)

[synonym] Lunbu (Wupu materia medica), haikunbu (Shandong traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is Laminaria of laminaceae or Laminaria of Laminaria and Undaria pinnatifida.

[plant morphology] 1

It is a large brown alga, which grows in strips when the plant matures, and its length can reach more than 6 meters. The root fixator is thick fibrous and consists of several rings of forked and divergent pseudoroots with a sucker at the end. It has a cylindrical short stalk, 5-15 cm long. The upper part of the stalk is a lobate, which is long oval in shape when young, and then gradually elongates into a band, flat, 2-6 meters long and 20-50 cm wide, thick, leathery, slightly thick in the middle, thin on both sides, with wavy folds. Sporangia are produced on both sides of the thallus during the reproductive period.

It grows in the colder ocean and is attached to the reefs at the depth of 1-3 meters below the main tidal line. Distributed in Shandong, Liaoning coastal areas. At present, there are artificial breeding.

The root fixator (Laminaria japonica root) of this plant is also used for medicine. See special section for details.

② Kunbu, also known as: Mianqi dish, black kunbu, goose feet dish.

Large brown algae, perennial. The root like fixator is composed of dendriform pseudoroots, several rounds of which overlap to form a cone, with a diameter of 5-15 cm. The stalk is cylindrical or slightly oblate, medium solid, 8-100 cm long, 10-15 mm in diameter. The mucinous cavity is irregular ring, scattered in the cortex. The leaf body is flat, leathery, slightly wrinkled, dark brown, 2-3 mm thick, with 1-2 pinnate cleft lobes. The lobes on both sides are long ligulate, the base is cuneate, and the leaf margin is generally coarsely serrated. The sporangia formed on the surface of the thallus, and the free spores were produced from September to November.

It grows on a reef near the low tide line. It is distributed in Fujian, Zhejiang and other coastal areas.

③ Undaria pinnatifida

The plant is about 1-2 meters long and 1 meter wide. Root fixator fibrous, forked branched, whorled at lower end of stipe. Petiole short, suboblate cylindrical, ca. 10-15 mm in diam. The thallus is flat, brown and soft leathery; there are obvious raised main ribs in the center and thin on both sides, usually forming many pinnate and soft lobes, with notched edges and sometimes undivided ovate lobes; there are many black spots scattered on the lobes, with dense mucous glands. In spring, there are auricular, thick and colloidal folds on both sides of the stalk, which contain sporangia and produce most of the migratory spores.

It grows on rocks 1-4 meters below the low tide line. It is distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Liaoning and other coastal areas.

[collection] it is harvested in summer and autumn, fished out from the sea and dried in the sun.

[medicinal materials] 1. The dried leaves of Laminaria japonica are curled and folded into clusters or twisted into handlebars. All of them are green brown or black brown with white frost on the surface. When soaked with water, it will expand into a flat strip, 50-150 cm long and 10-50 cm wide, with thick middle and thin edge. It is thick, leathery and sticky. Twist it by hand without layering. The remnant stalk is oblate and columnar. It's fishy and salty.

Produced in Shandong, Liaoning and other places.

② The dry leaves of Laminaria are curled and shrunk into irregular mass. All are black, with white frost on the surface, and the quality is thin. When soaked in water, it swells into a flat leaf shape, 15-26 cm in length and width, and 1.5 mm in thickness. Both sides pinnate, lobes long ligulate, margin denticulate. It is soft and smooth, and can be split into two layers by hand twisting. It's fishy and salty.

Produced in Fujian.

③ Undaria pinnatifida is similar to kunbu in shape, but all of them are brown green, thin and kneeling, and most of them are broken. After soaking in water, it swells into a flat leaf shape with a rib in the center and dissolves a large amount of mucus, such as agar, which is easy to peel into two layers. It's smelly and salty.

Made in Zhejiang.

It is better to be neat, thick and free of impurities.

[chemical constituents] kelp is rich in polysaccharide, alginic acid, laminarin, mannitol and inorganic salt. The water soluble salt contains 40% potassium oxide, 0.27 ~ 0.72% iodine, 1.06% calcium, 22 μ g cobalt, 1.89p.p.m. fluoride, 0.042 ~ 0.77% carotene, 1.229 ~ 1.710% fresh, 810 μ g riboflavin, 940 μ g riboflavin, vitamin C, protein, proline and other amino acids.

The content of kelp was 25.6% alginate, 9.97% crude protein, 7.21% mannitol, 26.03% ash, 4.92% potassium and 0.28% iodine.

Undaria pinnatifida contains iodine, bromine, calcium about 1.8%, alginic acid, 1,4-thiazin-3-carboxylic acid s-oxide, riboflavin 210-1000 μ g% (two dry products), vitamin b12-0.7 μ g% (fresh products), alanine, glycine, proline, isoleucine and other amino acids, and organic acids about 1.6%. Methyl linolenate, phytol, palmitic acid, fucosterol, sargassosterol, terpenoids, ryegrass lactone and mannitol were also isolated from the methanol oil extract.

Laminaria Angustata and eckloniacava were also isolated from Laminaria Angustata, and Laminaria japonica was also detected in various seaweeds.

[pharmacological action] ① action on thyroid gland

Its action is caused by iodine and iodide. Kunbu can be used to correct the hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency. It can also temporarily inhibit the metabolic rate of hyperthyroidism and relieve symptoms, but it can not last. It can be used for preoperative preparation. Iodide can also promote the absorption of pathological products such as inflammatory exudates after it enters tissues and blood. And can make pathological tissue collapse and dissolution, so it is generally not used for active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Compared with simple iodine and potassium iodide, the iodine contained in Laminaria is absorbed slowly, retained in the body for a long time and excreted slowly.

② Antihypertensive effect

Laminaria japonica has antihypertensive effect. Intravenous injection of Laminaria japonica monocitrate into anesthetized rabbits can make the blood pressure drop temporarily, and this effect is not blocked by atropine; it does not affect the pressor response caused by occlusion of bilateral common carotid artery or injection of norepinephrine; in vivo and in vitro tests, it can inhibit the heartbeat amplitude, but does not affect the heartbeat rate. It has significant inhibitory effect on smooth muscle, such as small intestine, bronchus, etc. It also antagonized the contractions induced by acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and barium chloride, and the effect against acetylcholine was 0.8% of papaverine in isolated rat small intestine. The effect of norepinephrine on isolated vas deferens of guinea pigs was enhanced. The effect on rectus abdominis of frog is very weak. Laminaria japonica L-arginine monohydrochloride can also depress blood pressure and inhibit isolated rabbit intestines, but has mild excitatory effect on isolated rabbit hearts.

③ Antiasthmatic and antitussive effects

The crude extract of kelp root has antiasthmatic effect on guinea pigs (histamine method), and has antitussive effect on cough of rats (0.59% sulfur dioxide method) and cats (electrical stimulation of superior laryngeal nerve method). Different from codeine, it can reduce the animal's movement, lie on the side or even die of coma.

④ Other functions

Seaweed Laminaria extract has protective effect on rabbits infected with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum. The results showed that the residual number of schistosome in rabbits was significantly reduced after oral administration of 2 g / kg fluid extract for 90 days, especially the liver lesion was much milder than that in the control group, the normal structure was preserved, only a small number of egg nodules were formed, and the surrounding fibrosis was not significant, especially the newborn eggs were difficult to find. Oral administration of seaweed, laminaria, scorpion, centipede and other compound (Huaai Dan) Decoction in mice showed inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites cancer. However, there was no effect of laminarin on ire (ascites type) of reticulosarcoma in rats. Laminarin is a kind of polysaccharide. Its low sulfate (0.62 sulfate per glucose unit) is similar to heparin. It can clear blood lipid, but has no significant anti coagulation effect. It can be used in patients with atherosclerosis. After intravenous injection of L. cloustoni, the serum lipid was cleared, the electrophoretic ability of lipoprotein was increased, and the distribution of lipoprotein was changed, which was similar to that of heparin. The effect of intramuscular injection (100 mg) was not significant, probably due to insufficient dose. Sodium alginate extracted from kelp has hemostatic effect on the bleeding of animal arteries. For other functions, see "seaweed".

[processing] remove impurities, rinse with water, cut into wide silk and dry in the air.

[flavor] salty, cold.

① Wupu materia medica: "sour, salty, cold, non-toxic. "

② Ben Cao Zai Xin: "it tastes bitter, has a cold nature, and is non-toxic. "

[Guijing] ① yaoyaofenji: entering stomach meridian. "

② In Bencao Zaixin: "entering the spleen meridian. "

[function indications] soft and firm, flowing water. It is used to treat scrofula, gall, choking diaphragm, edema, testicular swelling and pain, and leucorrhea.

① Bielu: "there are 12 kinds of edema, gall accumulation, Qi, flaccid sores. "

② "On medicinal properties": "to benefit the water channel, to remove facial swelling, to remove ulcers and fistula. "

③ "The main decadent egg is swollen. "

④ Cui Yuxi's "food classic" said: "it can cure nine fistulas of wind heat, heat, pain in hands and feet, and benefit people by eating raw food. "

⑤ Bencao tongxuan: "the main choking diaphragm. "

⑥ Yao Kecheng's food materia medica: "Undaria pinnatifida, the main woman under the red and white belt, men's fine discharge dream.". "

⑦ "Release water to remove dampness, break the accumulation of soft and hard. "It can clear away heat and promote diuresis, treat Qi and distension, gall tumor, epilepsy, hernia and sores. It has the same effect as seaweed and kelp. "

⑧ "Modern practical Chinese medicine": "treatment of edema, gonorrhea, wet beriberi. Also treat goiter, chronic tracheitis, cough. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[taboo] it should be avoided when the spleen and stomach are deficient in cold and dampness

Chinese PinYin : Kun Bu