Orange peel

Orange peel

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] tangerine peel (mengshen), guilao (Hou Ningji's "medicine spectrum"), huangjupi (Jifeng Puji Fang), hongpi (Tangye materia medica).

[source] it is the pericarp of many kinds of oranges, such as Fuju or Zhuju. See "orange" for plant morphology.

[collection] after October, the ripe fruits were picked, peeled and dried in the shade or in the sun.

[traditional Chinese medicine] the whole pericarp is usually divided into four petals, each of which is oval and connected at the fruit stalk. Sometimes it is broken and separated, or it is in the shape of irregular fragments. The outer surface is bright orange red, yellowish brown to brownish brown, with numerous small and concave oil chambers; the inner surface is yellowish white, spongy, with short linear vascular bundles (orange veins) marks, and the pedicel is dense. It is soft and brittle after drying, easy to break and uneven section. The air is fragrant and the taste is bitter. Thin skin, big slice, red color, oil and strong aroma are the best.

It is mainly produced in Sichuan, Zhejiang and Fujian. In addition, it is also produced in Jiangxi, Hunan and other places.

In addition to the peels of the above-mentioned oranges, the peels of oranges and sweet oranges are sometimes used as orange peels. The former is often referred to as "guangchenpi", see the "tangerine peel" section; the latter is often referred to as "tuchenpi", see the "tangerine peel" section.

[chemical constituents] the peel of Citrus grandis contains volatile oil, mainly limonene.

The pericarp of Wenzhou tangerine also contains volatile oil, including isopropenyltoluene, δ - elemene, α - sulbacene, α - CARENE, β - CARENE, β - sesquimene, α - carenol acetate and 1,8-ol-10-menthylene acetate. In addition, hesperidin, carotene 1 mg, cryptoflavin 12 mg, vitamin C150 mg and vitamin B1 are contained in the peel_ 76 μ g% and pectin.

All kinds of orange peel contain volatile oil, and most of them contain flavonoid glycosides (such as hesperidin).

[pharmacological action] 1. Effects on cardiovascular system

Small amount of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae decoction can enhance the contractility and output of isolated and in situ toad heart, but it has little effect on heart rate. Increasing dose of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae decoction can cause cardiac inhibition. Isolated rabbit heart perfusion can dilate coronary artery, and Toad whole body perfusion can reduce flow. Intravenous injection of Pericarpium citri Reticulatae decoction can reduce the volume of kidney, renal vasoconstriction and urine volume of dog The blood pressure decreased in a short time after recovery, and its effect was very similar to that of epinephrine.

Hesperidin in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae can increase the perfusion of rabbit ear and antagonize the vasoconstriction induced by adrenaline. The synthetic methyl hesperidin is a mixture of various dihydroflavonoid and chalcone type methyl hesperidin. It has stronger effect on reducing vascular permeability than other flavonoid glycosides. It has dilating effect on coronary vessels of dogs. In cardiopulmonary device and isolated rabbit heart perfusion experiment, it does not affect cardiac contractility and heart rate, but in the whole experiment, the decrease of blood pressure can cause reflex heart rate acceleration, 0.5-1.5 The effect of methylhesperidin on coronary vasodilation of isolated rabbit heart was 1 / 2-1 / 4 of theophylline effect, but it lasted for a long time. When the dose increased to 10 mg, the effect of methylhesperidin on coronary vasodilation was enhanced, but there was no effect on cardiac contractility and heart rate. It has a slow hypotensive effect on anesthetized rabbits, cats and dogs. The hypotensive mechanism is due to its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle. To study the hypotensive effect of the monomers in the mixture of methyl hesperidin on rabbits, the coronary vasodilation effect of isolated rabbit heart, and the effect of amine perfusion (femoral artery injection) to increase the flow rate after the animals were in situ. The effect of 3 "- methyl-7-rhamnose-2-methylglucose-hesperidin, a dihydroflavonoid, was the strongest.

② Effects on smooth muscle

Tangerine Peel Decoction can inhibit the isolated intestine of rabbits and mice, the movement of stomach and intestines of anesthetized rabbits and dogs, and the isolated uterus of mice. On the other hand, it has a tonic contraction on the uterus of anesthetized rabbits. Its effect is similar to that of epinephrine. Methyl hesperidin has relaxant effect on the intestine, trachea, uterus of guinea pigs and rabbits and the thoracic aorta of rats, but the effect is weak, which is less than 1 / 100 of papaverine.

③ Anti inflammatory, anti ulcer and cholagogic effects

Hesperidin could not reduce the edema of hind paws caused by formaldehyde in rats, while CIS coumarin in citrus plants had anti-inflammatory effect. Methyl hesperidin (a mixture mainly composed of dihydroflavones) can also inhibit capillary permeability (rabbit chloroform method and mouse venom method) and prevent bleeding caused by snake venom. Among the methyl hesperidin monomers, 3 "- methyl-7-rhamnose-2-methylglucose-hesperidin has the strongest anti-inflammatory effect and the lowest toxicity. Methyl hesperidin has obvious anti ulcer effect on the ulcer of rats caused by ligation of pylorus. It can enhance its effect when combined with vitamin C and K, but it is not effective when taken orally. Intraperitoneal injection of methyl hesperidin can rapidly show cholagogic effect in rats, and vitamin C and K can also enhance this effect.

④ Other functions

Hesperidin can prolong the survival time of rats fed with "thrombogenic" and "atherogenic" diets respectively. Continuous administration of hesperidin before or after frostbite can alleviate the symptoms of artificial frostbite caused by injection of chloroethane in rabbits' ears, and vitamin C can not enhance the effect of preventing frostbite. Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus, Bacillus catarrhalis and Haemophilus haemolyticus in vitro. The mixture of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Ficus microcarpus also has antibacterial effect in vitro. Tangerine peel and dried ginger decoction (1:1) had no antiemetic effect on pigeon vomiting induced by digitalis. It is found that Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (the pericarp of Jiaogan) and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (the pericarp of sweet orange) contain a lot of vitamin B1. The former contains 65 micrograms per 100 grams of crude drug, while the latter contains about 100 micrograms.

[processing] brush off the soil, pick up the impurities, spray with water, cut into shreds or slices after moistening, and dry in the air.

Hard work, warm.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes pungent and warm. "

② Bielu: "non toxic. "

③ Cui Yuxi's book of food: "it tastes hard. "

[channel tropism] entering spleen and lung channels.

① "Pinhuijingyao" said: "the hand Taiyin, foot Taiyin. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the four channels of lung, liver, spleen and stomach. "

③ "Into the spleen, large intestine. "

Functions and indications: Regulating Qi, regulating the middle, drying dampness and resolving phlegm. Treatment of chest and abdominal distension, do not think about diet, vomiting, cough, phlegm. It can also detoxify fish and crab.

① "Ben Jing" says: "the main chest heat, adverse gas, Lishui Valley, long service deodorant, under the gas. "

② Bielu: "lower Qi, stop vomiting and cough, in addition to bladder retention of heat, stop water, Wulin, diuresis, spleen can not eliminate grain, Qi rush to the chest, vomit cholera, stop diarrhea, remove inch White. "

③ "Theory of medicinal properties": it is used to treat Qi between chest and diaphragm, to stimulate appetite, to control Qi dysentery, to eliminate phlegm and saliva, and to treat upper Qi cough. "

④ Materia medica: to remove Qi, to adjust the middle. "

⑤ "Rihuazi materia medica:" Xiaotan Zhisou, breaking Baihuang tinea. "

⑥ Qiyuan of Medicine: "remove the cold evil in the chest, break stagnant Qi and benefit the spleen and stomach. "

⑦ "Compendium": "treatment of vomiting, nausea, noisy, when spitting water, phlegm, malaria, large intestine occlusion, women's mastitis. Add food to relieve fishy poison. "

⑧ "Suixiju diet spectrum": "detoxify fish and crab poison. It can be used to treat diarrhea, choking, bloating and malnutrition. Diarrhea, constipation, beriberi. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] it is not suitable for patients with Qi deficiency and yin deficiency dry cough. Take it with caution.

① According to the classic of Materia Medica, "if the Qi is deficient and the Qi does not return to its original state, it should not be used with Qi consuming drugs; if there is fire in the stomach, it should not be used with warm, fragrant and dry drugs; if there is cough due to yin deficiency and phlegm, it should not be used with Pinellia ternata and Nanxing; if malaria is not very cold, it should not be used at the same time. "

② "Ben Cao Hui Yan": "the syndrome of dead fluid, the syndrome of self sweating, the syndrome of Yuan deficiency, the syndrome of vomiting blood are not available. "

③ Bencao from the new: "do not use without stagnation. "

④ "It is forbidden to use it in the treatment of acne and rash. "

[prescription selection] ① it is used to treat disharmony of spleen and stomach, sudden break of cold air, and the guest is in the middle. Cold leads to Qi gathering and gathering, and gathering leads to choking and blocking, so it is full and its pulse string is late: four taels of tangerine peel and two taels of Atractylodes macrocephala. For the fine powder, wine paste and pills such as Tung big, fried Muxiang soup under 30 pills, before eating. (Kuanzhong pill in chicken bee Puji recipe)

② Treatment of chest stuffiness, chest gas plug shortness of breath: orange peel 1 jin, Zhishi 32, ginger half Jin. On the three flavors, five liters of water, boiling two liters, sub temperature service. Orange peel, Fructus aurantii and ginger soup

③ Treatment of retching, hand and foot syncope: orange peel 42, ginger half Jin. On two flavors, seven liters of water, boil three liters, warm one liter. (orange peel soup)

④ Treatment of adversity: two liters of orange peel, two liters of Zhuru, 30 jujubes, half a jin of ginger, five liang of licorice, one or two ginseng. On the six flavors, with a bucket of water, boil three liters, warm one liter, three times a day. (orange peel and Zhuru soup. ② The prescriptions are as follows (Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

⑤ Treatment of nausea and vomiting: real orange peel, stir fried in the wall soil for the end, 2 yuan per serving, 3 pieces of ginger, 1 piece of jujube meat, 2 hours of water, 1 hour of frying, warm. (ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang)

⑥ Treatment of phlegm and diaphragmatic distension: tangerine peel three money. Take it in hot water. (simple formula)

⑦ Treat constipation secret knot: tangerine peel (not white, soaked in wine) boiled until soft, baked at the end, then take two money with warm wine. (Puji Fang)

⑧ Treat food choking: orange peel or two (soak the pulp in the soup). Bake for the end, with a large cup of water, decoct half cup, hot service. (heart mirror of food medicine)

⑨ Governance malnutrition thin: Chen orange peel one or two, Coptis 125 money (to must, rice swill soak a day). On the fine powder, grind into musk five points, with seven pig gall, sub medicine into the gall, slurry boiling, waiting to be cooked, to needle micro puncture, to cooked degree, take out millet porridge and pills mung bean big, each take 10 pills to 20, 30 pills, rice drink, the amount of children with the size, no time. Take it for a long time, eat it well, and grow muscles. (Zhijue of pediatric medicine syndrome)

Chinese PinYin : Ju Pi