Tiger bone

Tiger bone

(notes to the classic of Materia Medica)

[source] it is the skeleton of tiger.

[animal form] tiger (the book of songs), also known as Yu Tu (Zuo Zhuan) and Da Chong (behind the elbow).

The body shape is like a cat, with a length of 1.6-2.9 meters, a tail length of 1 meter, and a weight of 180-320 kg. The head is round and wide, and the neck is short. The eyes are round. The ears are short. The canine teeth are large and sharp. The limbs are big and powerful. The body is majestic, the hair color is fresh, the summer color is deep, assumes the brown yellow or the orange yellow. In winter, the color is light, yellow or light yellow. There are many black stripes. Every two stripes are close to each other. There are many black stripes behind the body. The abdominal hair is white with black stripes. The head has dense black lines, and there is a white area above the eyes, so it is called "white forehead tiger". The nose is brown without stripes. The back of the ear is black with a round white spot in the middle. The chin is white. The limbs are brownish yellow on the outside and white on the inside, with black stripes. The tail base is brownish yellow, the middle part is black and white, forming a ring, and the tail end is black. The tiger in Northeast China is bigger, with long hair, narrow grain and light color, which is called "northeast tiger" or "northern tiger"; the tiger in South China is smaller, with short hair, deep color and wide grain, which is called "South China tiger" or "Southern tiger".

It inhabits in forest, shrub and alpine grass. Living alone, no fixed nest, ambush at night, especially in the morning and dusk when the most active, agile, good at swimming, ferocious. It feeds on other animals. It is distributed in Northeast and South China.

Tiger meat (tiger meat), eyes (tiger eyes), teeth (tiger teeth), foot tendons (tiger tendons), claw nails (tiger claws), kidney (tiger kidney), gall (tiger gall), stomach (tiger belly) and fatty oil (tiger ointment) are also used for medicine. See the special provisions for each.

[collection] it can be caught all year round, with more in winter and spring. After catching, the skin and flesh are stripped, leaving the fur and claws on the four feet, so as to keep them intact and distinguish them from the bones of other mammals. Then remove the remaining muscles and dry them in the shade.

[medicinal materials] the commodity can be divided into whole frame and zero bone. The whole frame has a little muscle and connective tissue, and is rich in oil. The skull is round, the dorsal and ventral side is flat, the snout is short, the frontal bone is flat, there is a shallow groove in the upper part of the forehead, there is often a ridge behind the parietal bone, the cheekbone is thick, and it is shown outward, and there is an oval through hole under the orbit, and the hole surface is inclined. There are 3 pairs of incisors, 1 pair of canines and 4 pairs of molars in the maxilla, 3 pairs of incisors, 1 pair of canines and 3 pairs of molars in the mandible, with a total of 30 teeth. The incisors are small, the canine teeth are conical, strong and sharp, and slightly curved inward. The molars are in the shape of "mountain" and serrated. The last pair of molars in the maxilla is often not significant. They are white or light yellow white, glossy, and the tooth base goes deep into the jaw bone, so it is commonly known as "sciatic teeth". The first cervical vertebra was butterfly shaped, and the third to seventh cervical vertebra was saddle shaped. There are 13 thoracic vertebrae, each of which has a long spinous process, and 13 pairs of ribs are connected on both sides. The ribs are round near the spine, flat near the chest, arcuate and curved inward, and the other end connects with the sternum. There are 7 segments of lumbar vertebrae with long spinous processes on both sides. There are three spinous processes on the three segments of the sacrum. There are 22-25 segments of caudal vertebrae, most of them are even, and the middle segment is slightly prominent. One ischium is rectangular and symmetrical. There are two scapulae, which are fan-shaped and semicircular. They are very thin near the center and have a ridge on the outside. The leg bones of the tiger have obvious edges. The upper segment is a single bone, and the lower segment is composed of two bones. There is a long flat hole near the bone ring at the lower end of the upper segment of the forelimb, commonly known as "phoenix eye"; the two bones of the lower segment are similar and stand side by side, slightly flat and twisted, but one is longer. The upper segment of the hind limb is cylindrical, which can be placed flat on four sides without moving. There is a circular shaft at the inner side of the upper end and an oblong groove at the lower end, which is the location of the kneecap. The kneecap (i.e. tiger tibia) is oblong with smooth inner surface, thick and strong, often with tongue like tendons. The main bone of the lower segment is thick and triangular, and the other one is very thin, which is often called "bang bone". There are 5 toes in the forefoot and 4 toes in the hindfoot. The surface of tiger bones is yellow white or gray white, delicate and oily. The body is heavy and solid. In the section, the middle space accounts for about one third, and the bone marrow in it forms a network of filaments, which is grayish yellow. It's smelly. It's better to be big, heavy, solid, yellow white and no residual meat. Those with small size, light weight, grayish white and residual meat are inferior in quality. If it is killed with poison, the bone is blackened, it can not be used as medicine.

It is mainly produced in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. In addition, it is also produced in Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hubei, Anhui and Fujian. The quality from northeast is the best.

[pharmacological action] 1

Tiger bone glue has a certain degree of anti-inflammatory effect on formaldehyde induced arthritis in rats. 10% HuGu powder suspension has significant inhibitory effect on formaldehyde induced and egg white induced arthritis in rats, but has no effect on adrenalectomy and experimental arthritis in anesthetized rats. Therefore, it is believed that its anti-inflammatory effect is due to the influence of nervous system on the function of adrenal cortex; in addition, it can also reduce the capillary permeability in rabbits, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory effect .

② Analgesic effect

When the tail of rats was focused by light source, the analgesic effect of tiger bone glue was observed.

③ Other functions

After intragastric administration of tiger bone glue (1 g / kg) to mice, it has a certain sedative effect (shaking cage method) within 2 hours. The mice were intragastrically administrated with HuGu powder suspension (1 g / kg or 2 g / kg) every day for 2 weeks. No toxicity was found and there was no significant effect on growth.

[processing] tiger bone: remove the muscle, wash, dry in the shade, and crush when using. Oil tiger bone: remove the tiger bone, fry it in the pot with sesame oil, or bake it with fire after smearing sesame oil. Vinegar tiger bone: take sand, stir fry in a pot until easy, add tiger bone, stir fry until yellow, sift out sand, pour tiger bone into vinegar by heat, crisp, take out and dry. (100 Jin tiger bone per net, 20-30 Jin vinegar)

① "The tiger bone is fried crisp with butter. Don't fry the soup, but make pills and powder. "

② According to the compendium, all the bones of the tiger are used, and the marrow is removed by hammering, then the crisp, wine or vinegar is applied, and the yellow is roasted by charcoal fire as medicine. "

[flavor] pungent, warm.

① Bielu: "Ping. "

② "On medicinal properties": "pungent, slightly hot, non-toxic. "

③ "Yucatalpa medicine solution": "the taste is pungent and salty, and the Qi is flat. "

[Guijing] into the liver and kidney channels.

① "Into the kidney meridian. "

② "Ben Cao Hui Yan": "start with Shaoyin and Jueyin. "

[function indications] it can trace wind, calm pain, strengthen bone and calm shock. It is used to treat wind pain, limb contracture, waist and foot not following, palpitation, epilepsy, hemorrhoid fistula and prolapse of anus.

① Bielu: "it can stop palpitation, cure ulcers and fistula, especially the skull. "

② "Theory of medicinal properties": killing dogs and biting poison. It is used to treat acute wind contracture caused by toxic muscles and bones, inability to bend and stretch, pain in walking and malaria. Treating typhoid fever and warming Qi. "

③ Qianjin Shizhi: "skull cures wind evil. "

④ Food therapy materia medica: "it is mainly used for acute pain of waist and knee. It is good for boiling and bathing in soup or soaking in vinegar. It is also good for acute pain of muscles and bones, especially for tibia. "

⑤ In the collection of materia medica: "boiling juice to bathe children, to remove scabies. Convulsion and epilepsy. "

⑥ "Compendium": "pursue wind, calm pain, strengthen bones, stop diarrhea for a long time, remove anus, animal bone choking. "

⑦ "Yucatalpa medicine solution": "treat cold joint air, treat swelling and pain of knee and tibia. By Bi clearance, strong tendons and bones, smooth calendar section swelling and pain, the more flaccid waist and knee soft. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 3-5 yuan; soak in wine or into pill or powder.

[taboo] take it carefully when the blood is deficient and the fire is abundant.

① The book of Materia Medica and Meng Yao: "fear Shu lacquer, Shu pepper, magnet. "

② According to the classic of Materia Medica, "if the blood is not enough to nourish the tendons, it should be used less. "

③ "To match the materia medica": "liver and kidney deficiency failure, waist and leg pain such as wind is forbidden. "

[prescription selection] ① treatment of pain caused by white tiger wind and hot swelling of two knees: one or two for tiger shin bone (fried with crispness) and one or two for black aconite root (peeled navel). At the end of the day, take two daggers for each warm wine. (behind the experience)

② Treatment of acute pain of tendons and joints: tiger bone and Tongcao decoction, half a liter on an empty stomach, covering less lying, sweating. (dietotherapy materia medica)

③ Treatment calendar festival wind, pain, day and night can not bear: myrrh (Research) half Liang, tiger tibia (wine) three Liang. At the end of the two flavors, take two daggers each time, adjust the temperature of wine, take three times a day, regardless of the time. (myrrh powder in Shengji Zonglu)

④ The treatment of waist and foot does not follow: a tiger waist and spine, the front two feet of the whole bone, fine hammer it, in the iron bed, with the text charcoal fire evenly fried, flip wait for fat out, then put in thick beauty ashless wine sealed, spring and summer 17, autumn and winter 37. Drink with an empty stomach every day. If you have more sex, you will drink many times. If you have less sex, you will drink less. (collected prescriptions on the sea)

⑤ Treatment amnesia palpitation: tiger bone (Crisp), white keel, Polygala meat, etc. For the end, ginger soup service, three days service. (Yonglei qianfang)

⑥ Dysentery treatment for a long time, the time does not heal (rest dysentery): big worm bone fried to make yellow coke, rammed powder, drink square inch dagger, three times a day. (Zhang Wenzhong)

⑦ Treatment of large intestine hemorrhoids and anal prolapse: Tiger tibia two, honey two. Fried to make red, mashed, steamed cake balls as big as Tung. Take 20 pills of warm wine every morning. (Sheng Jin Fang)

⑧ Treatment of canker: wash and dry with hydrocarbon juice, scrape tiger bone and apply. (the compilation of convenient pictures)

⑨ Treatment of lunar erosion sores: two pieces of tiger head bone (broken), one or two pieces of duckweed (scurf). On the two flavor, to pig fat 1 jin fried, take the bone yellow into cream, to apply on the sore. (Yao Seng Tan's collected prescriptions)

⑩ Treatment soup fire burn: tiger bone scorch research application. (Gong Shi Yi Jian Fang)

(11) treatment of injury caused by throwing and kicking, and pain in muscles and bones: one or two tiger bones (crispy fried for the end), one liter of wine and one liter of raw rehmannia juice. On the three flavors, the rehmannia juice and wine boiling, into the tiger bone powder with several boiling. Every time you take one, you can be warm. (the tiger bones in Shengji Zonglu)

Chinese PinYin : Hu Gu