Acer Illicium

(simple herbal medicine)

[alias] bailongxu (simple herbal medicine), baijintiao (classified herbal medicine), baijintiao (Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine records).

[source] it is the root, fibrous root or root bark of Acer truncatum or Cucurbitaceae.

[plant morphology] 1. Acer truncatum (simple herbal medicine), also known as: star anise golden plate (Materia Medica from the new), wood star anise (compendium Collection), five point maple (simple herbal medicine), hook, erzhuhulu, Baozi tree, shuimang tree, huaguamu, star anise.

Deciduous small trees or shrubs, 4-5 meters high, sometimes up to 15 meters. The bark is smooth and grayish brown. Single leaf alternate, various in shape, often ovate to round, 8-20 cm long, 5-12 cm wide, apex long pointed, entire or 2-3-lobed, lobes of different sizes, base oblique, both sides hairy when young, only axillary vein tufts and along the vein pubescence; 4-6 main veins. Cyme axillary, with more than 8-30 florets; bracts 1, linear; calyx campanulate, ciliated, calyx teeth 6-8; petals the same number as calyx teeth, white, linear, retrovolved, about 12 mm long; stamens 6-8; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-locular, style thin cylindrical, with thin hairs, stigma 3-lobed. Drupe black, ovate, 6-7 mm long. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruit period is from September to October.

Born in the mountains or forests. It is distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and all over the south.

② Guamu

The leaves are nearly round, 7-17 cm long, 6-14 cm wide, often 3-6-lobed, sparse 7-lobed, apex acuminate, base cordate or broadly cuneate, pubescent on both sides when young; only the lower veins and axils are pubescent; the main veins are usually 3-5. 1-7 flowers form axillary cymes with 6-7-lobed calyx, white or yellowish white petals, fragrant, linear, 2.5-3.6 cm long; drupe ovate, 9-15 mm long.

Distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and Liaoning, Shanxi, Henan, Fujian, Taiwan and other places.

The leaves (Acer truncatum) and flowers (Acer truncatum) of the above plants are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] it can be collected all year round. The branch roots or fibrous roots can be dug, washed and dried in the sun.

The root bark is light yellowish brown and smooth. The cork often has longitudinal lines or exfoliation. Numerous fibrous roots, about 1 mm in diameter, yellowish white. It is hard and brittle, with fibrous section and light yellow. The taste is sweet and pungent. It is better to be dry, free of impurities and abundant fibrous roots.

[chemical constituents] the fibrous root and root bark of Acer truncatum contain alkaloids, phenols, amino acids, organic acids and resins. Fibrous roots mainly contain alkaloids, glucosides and cardiac glycosides.

It is pungent, warm and poisonous.

① "Materia Medica from the new": bitter, pungent, warm, poisonous. "

② "Gangmu Shiyi": "hot, powerful, toxic. "

③ Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine annals: "it is mild in nature, pungent in taste, and has little poison. "

Functions and indications: dispel wind, dredge collaterals, disperse blood stasis, relieve pain, and have the effects of anesthesia and muscle relaxation. Treatment of rheumatic pain, numbness, paralysis, heart failure, low back pain, traumatic injury.

① "From the new Materia Medica": "treat paralysis wind poison, beat blood stasis and stop accumulation. "

② Cao Mu Bian Fang: "scatter the wind. It is used to treat dampness stagnation, phlegm and blood stasis in waist and knee muscles, abdominal distension and falling blood accumulation. "

③ Classified herbal medicine: "it can treat low back pain, rheumatism and numbness, stop hematemesis, malaria, muscle and bone pain, and traumatic injury. "

④ "Nanning medicine annals": "external washing deficiency cold edema. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, fibrous root 0.5 ~ 1 coin, root 1 ~ 2 coin (this product is toxic, the dosage must be strictly controlled, starting from small dosage, until the patient has varying degrees of weakness and fatigue); or soak in alcohol. External use: wash with boiling water.

It should not be taken by pregnant women, children and old and frail patients.

[prescription selection] 1. For rheumatism and numbness: Platinum bar, two dollars and five cents for men and one dollar and five cents for women. Six taels of wine. It's five dollars a time

② Cure rheumatism numbness paralysis: one platinum two money, red live hemp three money, one or two. Stewed meat. Two white dragons cost one yuan, wild vegetables four yuan and pork half a Jin. Cut up the medicine and stew the meat. Take it all at once. (numbness, sweating and weakness of hands and feet within 12 hours after taking. )

③ Cure crane knee wind: Platinum section five money, three money, red, white each three money. Finely cut and soak in 1 jin of Shaojiu. Five yuan for each medicine and wine. Take it often.

④ Treatment of low back pain: Platinum bar two money, Achyranthes bidentata (fried) one or two, raw one or two. Drink six Liang each, fry.

⑤ Treatment of hemiplegia: a platinum bar costs five cents. Steamed chicken. (1) the following prescription is Guiyang folk herbs.)

⑥ Treatment of traumatic injury: two dollars for the stem root of star anise maple, five dollars for the skin, one or two dollars. Wine making clothes. (Guizhou herbal medicine)

⑦ Treatment of epistaxis: two buckwheat bars. Take it in water. (Guizhou folk medicine Collection)

[clinical application] ① used as muscle relaxant

According to clinical practice and experimental research, Acer truncatum has obvious rhabdomus relaxation and analgesic effect. In the use of acupuncture anesthesia and Chinese herbal medicine anesthesia surgery, if the muscle relaxation is not satisfactory, can add anisodactyl maple, so that muscle relaxation is more satisfactory, the operation can be carried out smoothly. Acer truncatum can also be used alone as an analgesic anesthetic for simple operations such as atresia fracture reduction, pediatric hernia repair and other body surface operations, but its analgesia seems to be incomplete. Acer truncatum has been used in 900 cases of abdominal surgery, orthopedics, pediatric surgery, obstetrics and Gynecology, urology and so on. The success rate of muscle relaxation was 97.9%. The oldest patient was 63 years old and the youngest was only 16 days old. Usage: one oral method: use Acer truncatum fibrous root 3-6 yuan, add water to 150 ml, decoct for 20-30 minutes, take it orally half an hour before operation. It is mainly used for minor operation, skin incision and small amount of local anesthesia during operation. (2) intramuscular injection: Acer truncatum injection (crude product) was injected 20-30 minutes before operation according to 0.4-0.5 g / kg body weight. Three intravenous drip method: Acer truncatum injection (containing 5 mg total alkaloids per milliliter), according to 0.8-1.0 mg / kg body weight, the maximum amount does not exceed 1.2 mg / kg body weight, intravenous drip 5-10 minutes before operation, within 6-10 minutes, 8-5 minutes after the muscle relaxation.

If Acer truncatum combined with traditional Chinese medicine anesthesia, the dosage of Flos Daturae can be slightly lower; if combined with acupuncture anesthesia, body acupuncture or ear acupuncture can be used for induction; if it is pediatric surgery, basic anesthesia is needed. According to the observation, the commonly used muscle relaxant dose of Acer truncatum has little effect on the heart. There is acute poisoning, mainly respiratory depression, if timely artificial respiration can be rescued. The liver was slightly affected by continuous administration for 15 days.

If the muscle relaxation is not satisfactory during the operation, it may be related to the poor analgesic effect of anesthesia.

② Anesthesia

The total effective rate was 96.4%. Among them, 30 cases were good (no medication before and during the operation, small amount of procaine was used on the incision line, patients did not cry pain, muscle relaxation was equivalent to the second and third stage of general anesthesia), 77 cases were effective (basic anesthesia such as dolantin and finagan was used before operation, 0.5-1% procaine was used on the incision line within 10-30 ml), and 4 cases were ineffective. Dosage and usage: dry Acer truncatum root, general sterilization and other minor surgery with 5 points, ovarian cyst resection and other major surgery with 2-3 money; add water to soak the medicine (about 100 ml), put in a water bath pot to stew for half an hour, remove the residue and take the juice, 30-45 minutes after taking the operation. There was no significant difference in respiration, pulse and blood pressure between the two groups. The patients could walk back to the ward by themselves. Side effects: nausea, vomiting, dizziness and fatigue may occur in patients with excessive dosage (4-6.5 yuan), which may disappear after injection of atropine. There was one case of temporary blurred vision, which was not treated and self-healing. The following factors have important influence on the success of anesthesia of Acer truncatum: first, the time interval between taking medicine and operation is too short, the absorption effect is not complete; second, too much water is put into the stew, and the concentration of drug juice is not enough.

③ Treatment of heart failure

Chop 1 kg of dried root of Acer truncatum (including fibrous root, fine root and coarse root), add 2000 ml of water, fry gently until 1600 ml, filter and remove the residue, then add 5 pieces of white sugar and fry until boiling (about 3.3 g of crude medicine per 10 ml), and store cold. Each preparation should be used up in 2-3 days. Take orally 10-20 ml (equivalent to 3.3-6.6 g of crude drug) three times a day. According to clinical observation, this product has obvious cardiotonic effect without side effects of ectopic rhythm. It can slow down the heart rate and is also effective in the active period of rheumatism. It can make the premature atrial beats disappear and the degree I atrioventricular block turn to normal. At the same time, it can improve the clinical manifestations of rheumatism.

④ Treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis

Methods: 62 cases of chronic rheumatoid arthritis were treated with star anise Maple injection, syrup and tincture. 11 cases were cured (joint pain disappeared, no recurrence within half a year), 18 cases were markedly effective (joint pain relieved), 24 cases were improved (joint pain relieved), and 9 cases were ineffective. Dosage and usage: Illicium verum injection contains 4G crude drug per 2ml, 2-4G intramuscular injection each time

Chinese PinYin : Ba Jiao Feng Gen