Violet

Violet

(Ben Jing Feng Yuan)

[synonyms] arrowhead grass (Puji Fang), yangjiaozi (Qiankun business secret), lone tiger (compendium), dingcao (Bencao Renxin), Ruyi grass (suixiju diet).

[source] it is Violaceae, Viola yedoensis, Coleoptera, Leguminosae and Gentianaceae.

[plant morphology] 1. Viola yedoensis, also known as Viola yedoensis, rabdosia japonica and Viola liaoensis.

Perennial herb, 7-15 cm high, densely covered with short white hairs. The taproot is thick and yellowish white. The leaves are tufted from the root; the petiole is 3-10 cm long with wings on both sides of the upper part; the stipules are membranous, linear lanceolate, and the base is attached to the petiole; the leaves are oblong, long ovate to linear broadly lanceolate, 2-9 cm long and 0.5-3.5 cm wide, the apex obtuse, the base shallow cordate or truncate, and the edge with shallow obtuse teeth. Flowers axillary, lavender, ca. 1.5 cm in diameter; pedicel 4-1.0 cm long, with 2 linear bracteoles in the middle; sepal 5, lanceolate, with round appendages under the calyx; petal 5, obovate elliptic, 1 larger below, base extended, saccate or tubular spur, ca. 7 mm long; stamen 5, anther United, connective broad, enclosing ovary, filaments short and broad, 2 smaller below The ovary is superior, carpel 3, 1-locular, ovule numerous, style 1, stigma 3-lobed. Capsule oblong, about 1 cm long, divided into 3 petals, each petal with furrow, base with persistent calyx. Seeds ovoid, brownish yellow, smooth. The flowering period is from March to April. The fruit period is from May to August.

Born on grassland or hillside. It is distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other places.

② Plow grass, see "plow grass" article.

③ Rice bag, also known as rice cloth bag (compendium), rice bag, multi flower rice bag, maoziyunying, Chendu grass, xiaodinghua.

Perennial herb, 5-10 cm high, white villous. Taproot straight down, diameter of more than 1 cm. Stem short, leaves tufted, odd pinnate compound leaves, long petiole, leaflets 11-21, broadly elliptic, ovate or long ovate, 1-2 cm long, 2-8 mm wide, apex obtuse, base round, entire. The flower stems grow from leaf clusters, with 5-7 flowers, terminal, forming umbels; bracts lanceolate, bracteoles 2, linear lanceolate; calyx campanulate, calyx teeth 5, unequal length, upper 2 pieces slightly larger, lower 1 piece smallest, mixed with white and black pubescence; corolla butterfly shaped, purple pansy, flag petal broadly obovate, about 13 mm long, apical emarginate, wing petals oblong cuneate, about 10 mm long, short Claw; keel short, ca. 6 mm long; stamens 10, disome (9 10 1), ovary superior, long elliptic, style short, glabrous, stigma inflated. Pods cylindric, 2.5-3 cm long. Seeds reniform, black. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruit period is from May to June.

Wild in the wild and mountainous areas. Distributed in the south of northeast, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places.

④ Millet pocket

Perennial herbs. The taproot is strong. Stems short, with short underground stems. Stipules triangular, base connate, sparsely pubescent; pinnate compound leaves 2-20 cm long; leaflets 7-19, ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, 5-25 mm long, 2-7 mm wide, apex obtuse or acute, base obtuse, both sides sparsely pubescent, pedicels nearly as long as leaves, sparsely pubescent; umbels with 2-4 flowers; bracts, bracts sparsely pubescent; calyx campanulate, 5-7 mm long, Calyx teeth lanceolate; corolla reddish purple, petal ca. 13 mm, ovoid, wing 11 mm, narrowly cuneate, keel 5.5 mm. Pods oblong tubular, 15-20 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, villous.

Born on hillside, grassland and sandy land. It is distributed in Northeast and Henan.

⑤ Gentiana scabra

Short herbaceous, 3-8 cm high. Stem erect, tufted, slightly rough. Leaves opposite; sessile, elliptic or oblong lanceolate, larger near base, 1-1.5 cm long, 3-5 mm wide, upper leaves smaller, about 5 mm long, apex acute, entire, main veins obvious, lateral veins not obvious. Flowers solitary on stem apex; calyx tubular, about 5 mm long, lobes 5, shorter than calyx tube, linear, apex pointed, sparsely short hairy or glabrous; corolla funnel-shaped, 1-1.5 cm long, green outside, purple inside, lobes 5, ovate lanceolate, short pointed, with short folds, about 1 / 3 of lobes; stamens 5, inserted on corolla, not exposed; ovary superior, 1-locular, style 1 Capsule obovate, compressed, ca. 4 mm long. The tip is round. 1 seed. The flowering period is April. The fruit period is from May to June.

Born on the grassland beside the Canhe valley. It is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang and Jiangxi.

When the soil was dried, the roots and flowers were removed.

② Rice bag and millet bag: collect and dig whole grass with roots in spring and autumn, dry or fresh.

③ Gentiana scabra: in spring and summer, the whole grass is taken and dried in the sun.

(1) Viola yedoensis

Also known as Viola glutinosa. It is the whole grass with roots of the plant Viola yedoensis or ploughweed. Most of the products on sale are shrunk and bent into irregular lumps with several taproots, 3-5cm in length and 1-3mm in diameter. The surface is wrinkled and rough, yellowish brown, wavy and curved, with fibrous root marks. The aboveground part is dark green to greenish yellow, the petiole is slender and twisted, and the leaves are extremely wrinkled. After being soaked in hot water and spread out, it is long oval or linear lanceolate, and all of them are hairy. The flower stem is long and thin, the top often has a three split capsule, containing many seeds, oblong, light yellow brown. It's brittle. The gas is slightly smelly, the taste is slightly bitter and astringent, and slightly sticky. It is better to be yellow green, neat and free of impurities.

It is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other places.

② Sweet glutinous rice

Also known as: rice bag dice, radish dice. It is the root of plant rice pocket or millet pocket or the whole grass with root. The taproot is spindle shaped, long conical or long cylindrical, 10-20 cm long and 3-6 mm in diameter. The surface is reddish brown to yellowish brown, rough, with longitudinal wrinkles, more or less twisted, or with residual branching roots and fibrous roots. The lenticels are transverse, slightly protruding, dotted and linear, and the color is slightly dark. There are many basal leaves at the upper end. The leaves are feathery compound, with slender petioles, oval or oblong leaflets, white pubescence and grayish green. Sometimes cylindrical pods can be seen, the surface is densely pilose, dehiscent or not dehiscent. The main root is hard and slightly tough, hard to break. There are a lot of fibers in the broken section, milky white, uneven inner surface, slightly granular, milky yellow, radial pattern, slightly smelly, light and sweet. It is better to have strong and long roots, green leaves and no impurities.

It is mainly produced in Northeast, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other places.

③ Gentianetin

Also known as: South China digin, is the whole plant of Gentiana scabra with flowers. Most of them are dry and shrunk into irregular lumps, and the root is yellowish. Soak in hot water, spread out observation: stem from the base of cluster, most, purple red, top with lavender or light yellow green bell shaped flowers. The leaves are paired, oblong to oblong, with short or no petioles; the leaves near the base are dense and large in shape, while the upper leaves are sparse and small in shape. The texture is brittle and brittle. It's grassy, mild and slightly bitter. It is better to have short plants, green leaves and purple flowers.

Mainly produced in Guangxi, Guangdong and other places.

In addition to the above varieties, Viola longcalyx is used in Guangdong Province, Viola alba is used in Shaanxi Province, and whole grass with roots of Corydalis is used as medicine in Xinjiang.

Another kind of kudigin is the whole grass of Corydalis viola. Northeast, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Qinghai, Shandong and other places as "digin" medicine. For details, please refer to the article "kudiding".

[chemical constituents] the whole plant of Viola yedoensis contains glycosides, flavonoids and waxes (esters of waxy acids and unsaturated acids). The flowers also contain waxes. The waxes contain 34.9% saturated acids (mainly waxy acids), 5.8% unsaturated acids, 10.3% alcohols and about 47% hydrocarbons.

[processing] clean up the impurities, wash off the soil with water, cut into sections and dry in the sun.

Bitter and cold

① "South Yunnan Materia Medica" says: "cold in nature, bitter in taste. "

② "Compendium": "bitter, pungent, cold, non-toxic. "

[Guijing] into the heart and liver channels.

① "Yu Lao Yao Jie" says: "start with Shaoyin heart. The gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang. "

② Yao Yao Fen Ji: "entering the liver and spleen meridians. "

[function indications] please remove heat and dampness, detoxify and detumescence. It is used to treat sores, carbuncle swelling, sores, jaundice, dysentery, diarrhea, red eyes, sore throat and snake bite.

① "Diannan Materia Medica": "breaking blood, resolving carbuncle, gangrene, scabies, nine kinds of hemorrhoids, various toxic diseases. "

② "Gangmu": "it is mainly used to treat all kinds of carbuncle, gangrene, hair, back, swelling, rash, nameless swelling and poison, and malignant sores. "

③ "Seeking the source of Materia Medica": "cooling blood, detumescence and toxin. It is good for treating blood heat and tendon flaccidity. "

④ "Lingnan caiyao Lu": used as cathartic and emetic. "

⑤ Common Chinese herbal medicine in Shanghai: "clearing heat and detoxifying, external use of detoxification and detumescence. It is used to treat red eye swelling and pain, wheat swelling, sore swelling and poison, mastitis, diarrhea and snake bite. "

⑥ Su Yi's Handbook of Chinese herbal medicine: "treat all suppurative infections, snake bites, lymphatic tuberculosis, jaundice, nephritis, cystitis, joint swelling and pain, hematochezia, epistaxis, conjunctivitis, prostatitis. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5-1 Liang (fresh 2-3 Liang); mashing juice or grinding powder. External use: tamping or boiling paste spreading.

[taboo] people with deficient cold constitution should not take it.

[selected formula] 1. For the treatment of sore swelling: zihuadidingcao, mashed juice. (Qian Jin Fang)

② Treatment of carbuncle, hair back, nameless swelling: zihuadidingcao, Sanfu

Chinese PinYin : Di Ding